RESUMO
When exercises are done in intense or exhaustive modes, several acute biochemical mechanisms are triggered. The use of cryotherapy as cold-water immersion is largely used to accelerate the process of muscular recovery based on its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The present study aimed to study the biochemical effects of cold-water immersion treatment in mice submitted to exercise-induced exhaustion. Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, cold-water immersion (CWI), swimming exhaustive protocol (SEP), and SEP+CWI. Treatment groups were subdivided into times of analysis: 0, 1, 3, and 5 days. Exhaustion groups were submitted to one SEP session, and the CWI groups submitted to one immersion session (12 min at 12°C) every 24 h. Reactive species production, inflammatory, cell viability, and antioxidant status were assessed. The SEP+CWI group showed a decrease in inflammatory damage biomarkers, and reactive species production, and presented increased cell viability compared to the SEP group. Furthermore, CWI increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the first two sessions. The present study showed that CWI was an effective treatment after exercise-induced muscle damage. It enhanced anti-inflammatory response, decreased reactive species production, increased cell viability, and promoted redox balance, which could decrease the time for the recovery process.
Assuntos
Crioterapia/métodos , Imersão/fisiopatologia , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Natação/fisiologia , Acetilcolinesterase/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Temperatura Baixa , Fluoresceínas/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Miosite/prevenção & controle , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Natação/lesões , Sais de Tetrazólio , Tiazóis , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Água/fisiologiaRESUMO
When exercises are done in intense or exhaustive modes, several acute biochemical mechanisms are triggered. The use of cryotherapy as cold-water immersion is largely used to accelerate the process of muscular recovery based on its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The present study aimed to study the biochemical effects of cold-water immersion treatment in mice submitted to exercise-induced exhaustion. Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, cold-water immersion (CWI), swimming exhaustive protocol (SEP), and SEP+CWI. Treatment groups were subdivided into times of analysis: 0, 1, 3, and 5 days. Exhaustion groups were submitted to one SEP session, and the CWI groups submitted to one immersion session (12 min at 12°C) every 24 h. Reactive species production, inflammatory, cell viability, and antioxidant status were assessed. The SEP+CWI group showed a decrease in inflammatory damage biomarkers, and reactive species production, and presented increased cell viability compared to the SEP group. Furthermore, CWI increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the first two sessions. The present study showed that CWI was an effective treatment after exercise-induced muscle damage. It enhanced anti-inflammatory response, decreased reactive species production, increased cell viability, and promoted redox balance, which could decrease the time for the recovery process.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Crioterapia/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Imersão/fisiopatologia , Acetilcolinesterase/análise , Natação/lesões , Tiazóis , Fatores de Tempo , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Temperatura Baixa , Fluoresceínas/análise , Miosite/prevenção & controle , Antioxidantes/análiseRESUMO
Euterpe oleracea Mart., popularly known as "açaí", is a tropical fruit from the Amazon region where it has considerable economic importance. Açaí has been used as food and for several medicinal purposes. Despite the widespread use of this fruit, there is a lack of data regarding the safety of using this fruit oil exclusively. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic effects of E. oleracea fruit oil (EOO) in cultured human lymphocytes (non-metabolizing cells) and HepG2 cell line (human hepatoma) (metabolizing cells) by using MTT, comet, and micronucleus assays. A wide range of EOO concentrations was tested with a preliminary MTT assay, which allowed selecting five concentrations for comet and micronucleus assays: 2.5, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. The results showed that none of the EOO tested concentrations presented cytotoxic effects. The genotoxic assessment revealed an absence of significant DNA and chromosome damage in human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells but did not show chemoprotection against the DNA damage induced by methyl methanesulfonate and benzo[a]pyrene, used as DNA-damaging agents.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Euterpe/química , Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Células Cultivadas , Frutas/química , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologiaRESUMO
E. oleracea is a tropical plant from the Amazon region, with its fruit used for food, and traditionally, as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, for atherosclerotic disease, and has anticancer properties. The oil of the fruit has antidiarrheic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, but without genotoxicity evaluation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of E. oleracea fruit oil (EOO), in rat cells. Male Wistar rats were treated with EOO by gavage at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, for 14 days, within a 24 h interval. The DNA damage in the leukocytes, liver, bone marrow and testicular cells, was assessed by the comet assay, and the clastogenic/aneugenic effects in the bone marrow cells, by the micronucleus test. Our phytochemicals characterization of the EOO showed the presence of vanillic, palmitic, γ-linolenic, linoleic, oleic, cinnamic, caffeic, protocatechuic, ferulic, syringic acids, and flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol rutinoside as the main constituents. Both cytogenetic tests performed showed that EOO presented no significant genotoxic effects in the analyzed cells, at the three tested doses. These results indicate that, under our experimental conditions, E. oleracea fruit oil did not reveal genetic toxicity in rat cells.
Assuntos
Arecaceae/química , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Animais , Antioxidantes/toxicidade , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio Cometa , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Testes para Micronúcleos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The acute lymphocytic leukemia is a hematopoietic cancer that occurs predominantly in children. Methotrexate is one of the most useful drugs in cancer chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to develop and validate the methodology of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection for methotrexate dosage and to determine its concentration in plasma samples from children with leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included patients from the outpatient care of pediatric oncology at the Faculty of Medicine of ABC carriers in treatment of leukemia. The study was conducted in chromatographic model Agilent 1100 with UV detector at 302 nm and by the method of ELISA microplate reader capable of reading absorbance at 450 nm. RESULTS: We obtained satisfactory results of selectivity, accuracy, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), precision and robustness and apply the basic criteria for validation as RE No. 899, of May 29, 2003 Guide validation of analytical and bioanalytical National Agency Health Surveillance (ANVISA). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that results for linearity/concentration range, precision, robustness, limit of quantification and detection limits are within the acceptance criteria defined by ANVISA and that the developed analytical method is valid and feasible to be used as a tool in monitoring therapy of methotrexate.
Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/sangue , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/normas , Leucemia/sangue , Metotrexato/sangue , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/tendências , Humanos , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Limite de Detecção , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Use of cisplatin can induce type I hypersensitivity reactions that may also be linked to the quality of the drug utilized. We observed cases of hypersensitivity that appeared to be associated with the brand of cisplatin used. The aim of this study was to compare two different brands of cisplatin in relation to type I hypersensitivity reactions. METHODS: Brand A was used in a tertiary care teaching hospital until 2012, and use of brand B started from January 2013, when the first hypersensitivity cases were observed. Patients were categorized based on symptom. Cisplatin of both brands was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-(+)-MS) and characterized according to US Pharmacopeia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were no cases of hypersensitivity associated with the use of cisplatin brand A, whereas four of 127 outpatients that used cisplatin brand B were affected. The two brands were in accordance with the US Pharmacopeia parameters, and there was no significant difference in the total platinum levels between the two brands when analysed by HPLC. However, high-resolution ESI-(+)-MS analyses show that brand B contains approximately 2.7 times more hydrolysed cisplatin than brand A. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The increase in the hydrolysed form of cisplatin found in brand B may be the cause of the hypersensitivity reaction observed in a subset of patients. We present the first study of the quality of drugs by high-resolution ESI-(+)-MS. Drug regulatory agencies and manufacturers should consider including measurement of hydrolysed cisplatin as a quality criterion for cisplatin formulations.
Assuntos
Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/química , Composição de Medicamentos/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Platina/química , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/química , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodosRESUMO
Enamel white spot subsurface lesions compromise esthetics and precede cavitation; therefore, they must be halted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a caries infiltration technique and fluoride therapy on the microhardness of enamel carious lesions. Subsurface carious lesions were produced in 60 bovine specimens with polished enamel surfaces. The specimens were divided into four groups (n=15), according to the treatment used: CON, control-immersion in artificial saliva; DF, daily 0.05% fluoride solution; WF, weekly 2% fluoride gel; and IC, resin infiltration (Icon). The specimens were kept in artificial saliva and evaluated for microhardness at five points: baseline, after caries production, after four and eight weeks of treatment, and a final evaluation after being submitted to a new acid challenge. The repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences according to the type of treatment (TREAT; p=0.001) and time of evaluation (EV; p=0.001). The results of the Tukey test were TREAT: CON = 45.18 (±29.17)a, DF = 107.75 (±67.38)b, WF = 83.25 (±51.17)c, and IC = 160.83 (±91.11)d. Analysis of correlation between the TREAT and EV factors showed no significant differences for DF (138.63 ± 38.94) and IC (160.99 ± 46.13) after the new acid challenge. The microhardness results in decreasing order after eight weeks were IC > DF > WF > CON. It was concluded that the microhardness of carious lesions increased with the infiltration of resin, while the final microhardness after a new acid challenge was similar for DF and IC.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Resinas Sintéticas/uso terapêutico , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Animais , Bovinos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Dureza , Teste de Materiais , Saliva Artificial/química , Fatores de Tempo , Desmineralização do Dente/patologia , Remineralização Dentária/métodosRESUMO
Avaliou-se a inibição da produção do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-alfa) devido ao pré-tratamento com antiinflamatório esteroidal (dexametasona) e não esteroidal (diclofenaco sódico) em eqüinos com endotoxemia induzida experimentalmente. Foram utilizados 15 cavalos machos não castrados, distribuídos em três grupos de cinco animais: controle (C), diclofenaco sódico (DS) e dexametasona (DM). A endotoxemia subletal foi induzida pela infusão intravenosa (IV) de 0,1mg/kg/pv de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli 055:B5, administrado em 250ml de solução estéril de cloreto de sódio a 0,9 por cento, durante 15min. Os cavalos do grupo-controle foram tratados com solução de cloreto de sódio a 9 por cento IV. Nos animais do grupo DS, administraram-se, por via oral, 2,2mg/kg de diclofenaco sódico e, nos do grupo DM, 1,1mg/kg de dexametasona IV, respectivamente, 60 e 30min antes da infusão da endotoxina. Mensurou-se, por meio de ensaio de toxicidade com células da linhagem L929, a concentração de TNF-alfa no soro e no líquido peritoneal às 0, 1», 3 e 6 horas após injeção do LPS. No grupo-controle, observou-se aumento significativo de TNF-alfa sérico, em relação ao valor basal e aos grupos DS e DM, 1,15 horas após a indução da endotoxemia. No líquido peritoneal, as concentrações observadas estavam abaixo daquelas da curva padrão de TNF-alfa, não havendo diferença entre os grupos (P>0,05)
The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production due to pre-treatment with steroidal (dexamethazone) and non-steroidal (sodium diclofenac) anti-inflammatories was studied in horses under experimentally induced endotoxemy. Fifteen stallions were allotted into three groups of five animals each: control (C), sodium diclofenac (SD) and dexamethazone (DM). Sublethal endotoxemy was induced with 0.1mg/kg/bw Escherichia coli 055:B5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IV, administrated in 250ml of 0.9 percent sterile sodium chloride, during 15 minutes. Control group horses received 9 percent sodium chloride, IV. SD group animals were orally administrated 2.2mg/kg sodium diclofenac and DM horses received 1.1mg/kg dexamethazone, IV, 30 and 60 minutes before endotoxin infusion, respectively. TNF-alpha concentration was measured in serum and peritoneal fluid by toxicity assay using L929 lineage cells at 0, 1», 3 and 6 hours after LPS injection. Ninety minutes after endotoxemy induction, it was verified a significant increase of serum TNF-a concentration in horses from control group in relation to the basal values as well as results of horses from SD and DM groups. In peritoneal fluid, the measured concentrations were lower than those from TNF-a standard curve and difference among the groups was not verified (P>0.05)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Anti-Inflamatórios , Citocinas/análise , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Diclofenaco/efeitos adversos , Endotoxemia/induzido quimicamente , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/efeitos adversos , CavalosRESUMO
Avaliou-se a inibição da produção do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-alfa) devido ao pré-tratamento com antiinflamatório esteroidal (dexametasona) e não esteroidal (diclofenaco sódico) em eqüinos com endotoxemia induzida experimentalmente. Foram utilizados 15 cavalos machos não castrados, distribuídos em três grupos de cinco animais: controle (C), diclofenaco sódico (DS) e dexametasona (DM). A endotoxemia subletal foi induzida pela infusão intravenosa (IV) de 0,1mg/kg/pv de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli 055:B5, administrado em 250ml de solução estéril de cloreto de sódio a 0,9 por cento, durante 15min. Os cavalos do grupo-controle foram tratados com solução de cloreto de sódio a 9 por cento IV. Nos animais do grupo DS, administraram-se, por via oral, 2,2mg/kg de diclofenaco sódico e, nos do grupo DM, 1,1mg/kg de dexametasona IV, respectivamente, 60 e 30min antes da infusão da endotoxina. Mensurou-se, por meio de ensaio de toxicidade com células da linhagem L929, a concentração de TNF-alfa no soro e no líquido peritoneal às 0, 1», 3 e 6 horas após injeção do LPS. No grupo-controle, observou-se aumento significativo de TNF-alfa sérico, em relação ao valor basal e aos grupos DS e DM, 1,15 horas após a indução da endotoxemia. No líquido peritoneal, as concentrações observadas estavam abaixo daquelas da curva padrão de TNF-alfa, não havendo diferença entre os grupos (P>0,05)(AU)
The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production due to pre-treatment with steroidal (dexamethazone) and non-steroidal (sodium diclofenac) anti-inflammatories was studied in horses under experimentally induced endotoxemy. Fifteen stallions were allotted into three groups of five animals each: control (C), sodium diclofenac (SD) and dexamethazone (DM). Sublethal endotoxemy was induced with 0.1mg/kg/bw Escherichia coli 055:B5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IV, administrated in 250ml of 0.9 percent sterile sodium chloride, during 15 minutes. Control group horses received 9 percent sodium chloride, IV. SD group animals were orally administrated 2.2mg/kg sodium diclofenac and DM horses received 1.1mg/kg dexamethazone, IV, 30 and 60 minutes before endotoxin infusion, respectively. TNF-alpha concentration was measured in serum and peritoneal fluid by toxicity assay using L929 lineage cells at 0, 1», 3 and 6 hours after LPS injection. Ninety minutes after endotoxemy induction, it was verified a significant increase of serum TNF-a concentration in horses from control group in relation to the basal values as well as results of horses from SD and DM groups. In peritoneal fluid, the measured concentrations were lower than those from TNF-a standard curve and difference among the groups was not verified (P>0.05)(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Anti-Inflamatórios , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/efeitos adversos , Endotoxemia/induzido quimicamente , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Diclofenaco/efeitos adversos , Citocinas/análise , CavalosRESUMO
Fifteen healthy Mangalarga horses, aged two to three years were used to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of dexamethasone and sodium diclofenac administration during experimental endotoxemia in horses. They were divided into three groups with five animals each: control (C), sodium diclofenac (SD) and dexamethasone (DM). All groups were given 0.1æg of Escherichia coli O55:B5 endotoxin/kg of body weight, intravenous, over 15 minutes, and one of the following preparations: group C - 20ml of 0.9 percent saline intravenous, 30 minutes before endoxin infusion; group SD - 2.2mg/kg, per os, 60 minutes before endotoxin infusion and group DM - 1.1 mg/kg, intravenous, 30 minutes before endotoxin infusion. No increase in rectal temperature was observed in the SD or DM treated groups. SD did not prevent the significant leukopenia, neutropenia and lymphopenia induced three hours after LPS injection, but DM attenuated these changes. No significant changes in plasma and peritoneal fluid total protein, inorganic phosphorus or glucose concentrations and in total nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid were observed. SD was effective to prevent the fever and changes in intestinal borborygmi and DM blocked the cellular changes induced by experimental endotoxemia.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Líquido Ascítico , Dexametasona , Diclofenaco , Endotoxemia , CavalosRESUMO
Fifteen healthy Mangalarga horses, aged two to three years were used to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of dexamethasone and sodium diclofenac administration during experimental endotoxemia in horses. They were divided into three groups with five animals each: control (C), sodium diclofenac (SD) and dexamethasone (DM). All groups were given 0.1'g of Escherichia coli O55:B5 endotoxin/kg of body weight, intravenous, over 15 minutes, and one of the following preparations: group C - 20ml of 0.9 percent saline intravenous, 30 minutes before endoxin infusion; group SD - 2.2mg/kg, per os, 60 minutes before endotoxin infusion and group DM - 1.1 mg/kg, intravenous, 30 minutes before endotoxin infusion. No increase in rectal temperature was observed in the SD or DM treated groups. SD did not prevent the significant leukopenia, neutropenia and lymphopenia induced three hours after LPS injection, but DM attenuated these changes. No significant changes in plasma and peritoneal fluid total protein, inorganic phosphorus or glucose concentrations and in total nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid were observed. SD was effective to prevent the fever and changes in intestinal borborygmi and DM blocked the cellular changes induced by experimental endotoxemia.(AU)
Quinze eqüinos machos, da raça Mangalarga, com idades entre dois e três anos, foram utilizados para se avaliar os possíveis efeitos clínicos benéficos da administração de dexametasona ou diclofenaco sódico durante a endotoxemia experimental em eqüinos. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos de cinco animais cada: controle (C), diclofenaco sódico (SD) e dexametasona (DM). Todos os grupos receberam 0,1µg/kg de lipopolissarídeo de Escherichia coli 055:B5, durante 15 minutos, por via intravenosa mais: grupo SD 2,2mg/kg de SD, por via oral, 60 minutos antes da infusão da endotoxina; grupo DM 1,1mg/kg, por via intravenosa, 30 minutos antes da endotoxina; grupo C 20ml de NaCl 0,9%, por via intravenosa, 30 minutos antes da endotoxina. O SD não preveniu a leucopenia, neutropenia e linfopenia ocorridas três horas após a indução da endotoxemia, porém a DM atenuou essas alterações. As taxas de proteínas plasmática e peritoneal, a concentração de glicose e de fósforo inorgânico e a contagem de células nucleadas totais peritoneais mantiveram-se inalteradas. O diclofenaco foi eficaz na prevenção da febre e alterações nos borborigmos intestinais enquanto que a dexametasona bloqueou as alterações no número de células inflamatórias em relação ao grupo controle.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cavalos , Endotoxemia/terapia , Líquido Ascítico , Diclofenaco/efeitos adversos , Dexametasona/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Grupos experimentais de cäes, hamsters e cobaias sem contato anterior com carrapatos, sofreram três infestaçöes consecutivas por carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus adultos e a resistência adquirida comparada com base na variaçäo de alguns dos parâmetros biológicos da fêmea do carrapato. Os resultados mostraram que hamsters e cobaias principalmente, desenvolvem uma reaçäo imune muito eficiente a esta espécie de carrapato como demonstrado por uma queda altamente significativa na taxa de eficiência da fêmea em converter sua reserva alimentar em ovos e larvas da primeira para as segunda e terceira infestaçöes. Já cäes foram incapazes de desenvolver tal resistência. Neste hospedeiro a performance das fêmeas dos carrapatos foi similar durante todas as infestaçöes, havendo até uma tendência de melhora com a sucessäo das infestaçöes. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de estudos comparativos sobre a resistência adquirida a carrapatos, envolvendo hospedeiros naturais e näo naturais, como forma de colocar em evidência mecanismos de defesa que possam estar alterados ou ocultos em relaçöes parasita-hospedeiro naturais
Assuntos
Animais , Cães/parasitologia , Cricetinae/parasitologia , Cobaias/parasitologia , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos , Carrapatos/imunologiaRESUMO
Naive experimental groups of dogs, hamsters and guinea pigs were inoculated three times subcutaneously with unfed adult extract of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and challenged with adult R. sanguineus to evaluate resistance. The acquisition of resistance was based on alterations of some reproductive and feeding performance parameters of female ticks such as female and egg mass weights, engorgement, pre-oviposition and incubation periods, larval hatchability rate and efficiency rates of female ticks in converting their food reservoir to eggs and larvae. Dogs did not develop resistance under these experimental conditions; guinea pigs and hamsters, to a lesser extent, acquired an effective immunity to ticks as demonstrated by the impairment of the reproductive and feeding performance. However, the resistance induced by inoculation of the extract in the rodents seemed not to be as efficient as that induced by successive infestations.