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INTRODUCTION: Physical capacity (PC) is a strong determinant of health, quality of life, and functional independence in older adults. Having reference values for PC specific to a particular region allows for a contextual interpretation of an individual's level. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to describe the evolution of key aspects of PC during the aging process and provide reference values for the major components of health-related PC for the older adult population in Northwest Mexico. METHODS: A total of 550 independent older adults (60-84 years, 70% women) from the city of Hermosillo (Sonora, Mexico) were included between January and June 2019. PC was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test Battery (SFTB) and grip-strength test. Reference values were established for 5-year age groups, providing percentile values at 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90. The percentage decrease in functional capacity with aging was determined via a linear regression analysis of age against the percentage value of each subject relative to the average value of 60-year-old individuals of the same sex. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in the results between men and women within the same age group were few and inconsistent, except for handgrip strength, which was lower in women across all age groups. The functional level, with respect to reference values for each age and sex group, was similar between men and women. The most pronounced functional decline during the aging period occurs between 70 and 80 years of age. The various tests generally show an annual percentage loss of approximately 1% from 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in Mexico that provides reference values for physical capacity using the Senior Fitness Test Battery. In general, older adults-both men and women-show similar functional levels with respect to their respective reference values. In general, an annual decline of 1% from the age of 60 years occurs.

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RESUMEN: La familia ha sido considerada el contexto social que más influencia ejerce para la formación y desarrollo de cualquier individuo. El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar la importancia de la calidad de vida de las familias que experimentan la presencia de un integrante con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) y cómo, desde las áreas profesionales de educación física y trabajo social, se puede plantear una propuesta para su tratamiento integral. Para ello, se revisan diversos estudios publicados en los últimos años, analizando las diferentes formas en las que han abordado la calidad de vida en el contexto familiar. Se espera que el análisis de estos aportes incite en la innovación y promoción de nuevas formas de abordar la calidad de vida familiar en infantes con TDAH.

ABSTRACT: Family has been identified as the most influential social context for the formation and development of any individual. The objective of this work is to highlight the importance of the quality of life of families that experience the presence of a member with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and through the professional areas of physical education and social work, an approach for its comprehensive treatment is given. To do this, several studies published in recent years were reviewed, analyzing the different ways in which they have addressed the quality of life in the family context. The analysis of these contributions is expected to influence the innovation and promotion of new ways by addressing the quality of family life in infants with ADHD.

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ABSTRACT To understand the self-reported and perception of teaching style used among Mexican physical education teachers. Participants included 104 (n=41 females and 63 males) elementary physical education teachers from northern Mexico. Results showed that a traditional teaching style tends to be mainly used either by male and female's physical education teachers. Showing differences between genders and teaching styles. Female teachers tend to combine a traditional teaching style with one that connects with students engaging in physical activity, developing positive values and attitudes. Cultural context plays an important aspect when developing a teaching self-perception.

RESUMEN Conocer el auto reporte y percepción del estilo de enseñanza entre docentes de educación física mexicanos. Participantes incluyeron 104 (n = 41 mujeres y 63 hombres) maestros de educación física básica del norte de México. Los resultados mostraron que un estilo de enseñanza tradicional tiende a ser utilizado principalmente por profesores de educación física, tanto hombres como mujeres. Mostrando diferencias entre géneros y estilos de enseñanza. Las maestras tienden a combinar un estilo de enseñanza tradicional que conecta con los estudiantes a participar en actividad física, desarrollando valores y actitudes positivas. El contexto cultural juega un aspecto importante a la hora de desarrollar una autopercepción docente.

RESUMO Compreender o autorrelato e a percepção do estilo de ensino utilizado por professores de educação física mexicanos. Os participantes incluíram 104 (n = 41 mulheres e 63 homens) professores de educação física elementar do norte do México. Os resultados mostraram que um estilo de ensino tradicional tende a ser usado principalmente por professores de educação física do sexo masculino e feminino. Mostrando diferenças entre gêneros e estilos de ensino. As professoras tendem a combinar um estilo de ensino tradicional com um que conecta os alunos em atividades físicas, desenvolvendo valores e atitudes positivas. O contexto cultural desempenha um aspecto importante no desenvolvimento da autopercepção do ensino.

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BACKGROUND: Aging is a multifactorial physiological phenomenon, in which a series of changes in the body composition occur, such as a decrease in muscle mass and bone mineral density and an increase in fat mass. This study aimed to determine the relationship of muscle mass, osteoporosis, and obesity with the strength and functional capacity of non-dependent people over 70 years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed, whose study population was all people aged over 70 years, living independently and attending academic and recreational programs. Muscle strength and functional capacity of the participants were assessed by isometric exercises of lower and upper limbs and by four tests taken from the Senior Fitness Test, respectively. Bone mineral density, total mass, fat mass, total lean mass, arms lean mass, legs lean mass, and appendicular lean mass (ALM) was calculated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Differences in muscle strength and functional capacity, according to the sex, muscle mass, mineral bone density and fat mass, were measured by χ2 test, independent samples Student's t-test, analysis of covariance and a 2-factor analysis of covariance; Results: 143 subjects were included in the study group. Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for body mass index (BMI) had a maximal dynamic biceps strength in a single repetition, a maximal isometric leg extension strength, a maximal dynamic leg extension strength in a single repetition, a maximum right hand grip strength and maximum hand grip strength (the highest). Significantly higher values were observed in the maximal isometric biceps' strength in men with osteoporosis. Obese men had less isometric strength in the biceps and took longer to perform the chair stand test; Conclusions: Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for BMI obtained better results in tests of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, osteoporosis and obesity are not related to these parameters.

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The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of resistance training (RT) programs for breast cancer survivors (BCS). A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, the Cochrane Breast Cancer Specialised Register of the Cochrane Library, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Scopus, with the aim of identifying all published studies on RT and BCS from 1 January 1990 to 6 December 2019, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0). Sixteen trials were included for qualitative analysis. More than half of the trials do not adequately report the characteristics that make up the exercise program. The maximal strength was the most frequently monitored manifestation of strength, evaluated mainly as one-repetition maximum (1RM). Resistance training was performed on strength-training machines, twice a week, using a load between 50% and 80% of 1RM. The trials reported significant improvement in muscle strength, fatigue, pain, quality of life, and minor changes in aerobic capacity.

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Among female breast cancer survivors, there is a high prevalence of lymphedema subsequent to axillary lymph node dissection and axillary radiation therapy. There are many methodologies available for the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of breast cancer survivors with or without lymphedema, the most common of which is the measurement of patients' arm circumference. The purpose of this study was to determine the intra-rater minimal detectable change (MDC) in the volume of the upper limb, both segmentally and globally, using circumference measurements for the evaluation of upper limb volume. In this study, 25 women who had received a unilateral mastectomy for breast cancer stage II or III participated. On two occasions separated by 15 min, the same researcher determined 11 perimeters for each arm at 4 cm intervals from the distal crease of the wrist in the direction of the armpit. The MDC at the segmental level ranged from 3.37% to 7.57% (2.7 to 14.6 mL, respectively) and was 2.39% (42.9 mL) at the global level of the arm; thus, minor changes in this value result in a high level of uncertainty in the interpretation of the results associated with the diagnosis of lymphedema and follow-up for presenting patients.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies the importance of implementing physical activity programs such as physical education (PE) classes in schools. This study identifies the attitudes of obese children toward PE, before and after participation in a vigorous-intensity physical exercise program without the participation of normal-weight peers using a questionnaire on Attitudes toward Physical Education (CAEF). 98 children between 8-11 years of age were randomized in an Experimental Group (GE) (n = 48) and a Control Group (CG) (n = 47). They were assessed using a questionnaire on Attitudes toward Physical Education (CAEF). All the study participants exhibited a BMI Z-score ≥ 2. Before the intervention, the only difference between boys and girls was "empathy to teacher and physical education subject" (p = 0.001, d de Cohen = 0.72, r = 0.34). The interaction between gender and training was only present in empathy for the teacher, with a medium effect size (η2 = 0.055). The implementation of PE with two hours per week elicits only a few effects over the attitude of obese children, even though with a certain engagement of gender through training in the adjustment of empathy for teachers and the PE class.

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(1) Background: The high prevalence of childhood obesity and its multicausal etiology make it necessary to approach it through different strategies, whose objective is to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Regular physical activity, in addition to having positive effects on the physical environment of those who practice it, influences positively in psychological aspects such as anxiety and depression, which are very frequent in children with obesity and overweight. (2) Objective: To analyze the changes produced by a program of physical exercise based on anthropometric indicators and levels of anxiety and depression in a population of Mexican children with obesity. (3) Methods: A longitudinal study with experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The analysis population consisted of 105 children with a body mass index (BMI) for their gender and age group above the 95th percentile, of which 60 were girls and 45 were boys, with a mean age of 10.02 years (SD ± 0.79). By randomizing the participants, 54 were part of the EG and 51 of the, CG The EG participated in a physical exercise program, distributed in two weekly sessions, each lasting 50 minutes, for 20 consecutive weeks. The CG group continued its usual activities during the intervention period. An inferential analysis was performed between the socio-demographic, anthropometric and psychological variables. (4) Results: The implementation of a physical exercise program in children with obesity favors the appearance of positive thoughts, with improvements in their emotional well-being, self-perception and self-concept; although it does not produce significant changes in weight, height, Z-Score, level of anxiety or depressive thoughts. (5) Discussion: Regular physical exercise practice has positive effects on mental health, although new studies are required to analyze specifically its influence on anxiety and depression in children with obesity.

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