RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the level of cultural competence of an undergraduate nursing students' population from four European higher education institutions. METHOD: a total of 168 nursing students from four different countries were included in our study. The study methodology involved a cross-sectional assessment of cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students from four European universities. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, as well as the following validated tools: the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (student version) and the Cultural Awareness Scale. RESULTS: our results indicated that students demonstrated a high level of intercultural sensitivity but a moderate level of cultural competence and cultural awareness. Variations existed among students from different countries, suggesting potential differences in educational approaches. Despite expectations that higher-level students would exhibit greater cultural competence, no significant differences were found by year of study, indicating a lack of effective integration of cultural competence into nursing curricula. CONCLUSION: nurse educators should consider the students' cultural competence before designing related study programmes. Training programmes related to cultural competence should include elements which have been associated with enhanced cultural competence, including language skills, cultural encounter, and opportunities for internationalisation.
Assuntos
Competência Cultural , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Competência Cultural/educação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Estudantes de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Educação em EnfermagemRESUMO
RESUMEN Los tumores hematopoyéticos extramedulares son infrecuentes; se caracterizan por la presencia de elementos formes de la sangre en distintas etapas madurativas, con megacariocitos atípicos y proliferación fibroblástica. Se comunica el caso clínico de un tumor hematopoyético extramedular esclerosante del bazo en un varón de 71 años, con antecedentes patológicos de hipertensión, diabetes, portador de virus hepatitis C. En estudio por malestar abdominal se identificaron mediante imágenes lesiones esplénicas múltiples. Se planteó origen vascular, sin poder descartar otro tipo de lesiones, por lo que se decidió esplenectomía laparoscópica. El estudio histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico diagnosticó un tumor hematopoyético extramedular esclerosante del bazo. Son neoplasias de baja incidencia y escasa evidencia en cuanto a etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se presentan como lesiones únicas o múltiples, y pueden afectar diferentes órganos. Están asociados a síndromes mieloproliferativos crónicos. Solo su confirmación histopatológica permite diferenciarlos de otros tumores malignos.
ABSTRACT Extramedullary hematopoietic tumors are rare and characterized by the presence of hematopoietic elements at various stages of maturity, atypical megakaryocytes, and fibroblastic proliferation. We report the case of a patient with sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor of the spleen.The patient was 71-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and hepatitis C virus infection. Multiple spleen lesions were identified in imaging tests during workup due to abdominal discomfort. Although a vascular tumor was suspected, laparoscopic splenectomy was decided after considering other possible causes. The pathology examination revealed a sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor of the spleen, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical tests. These tumors are usually single or, less frequently, multiple lesions affecting different organs and are associated with chronic myeloproliferative syndromes. The histologic confirmation is mandatory due to their similarity to malignant tumors. Extramedullary hematopoietic tumors are rare, and there is little scientific clinical evidence regarding their diagnosis and management. The histological confirmation is mandatory due to their similarity to malignant tumors.
RESUMO
Objective: to evaluate the level of cultural competence of an undergraduate nursing students' population from four European higher education institutions. Method: a total of 168 nursing students from four different countries were included in our study. The study methodology involved a cross-sectional assessment of cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students from four European universities. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, as well as the following validated tools: the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (student version) and the Cultural Awareness Scale. Results: our results indicated that students demonstrated a high level of intercultural sensitivity but a moderate level of cultural competence and cultural awareness. Variations existed among students from different countries, suggesting potential differences in educational approaches. Despite expectations that higher-level students would exhibit greater cultural competence, no significant differences were found by year of study, indicating a lack of effective integration of cultural competence into nursing curricula. Conclusion: nurse educators should consider the students' cultural competence before designing related study programmes. Training programmes related to cultural competence should include elements which have been associated with enhanced cultural competence, including language skills, cultural encounter, and opportunities for internationalisation.
Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de competencia cultural de una población de estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería de cuatro instituciones europeas de educación superior. Método: en nuestro estudio se incluyeron en total 168 estudiantes de enfermería de cuatro países diferentes. La metodología de estudio implicó una evaluación transversal de la competencia cultural de los estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería de cuatro universidades europeas. La recolección de datos incluyó variables sociodemográficas y las siguientes herramientas validadas: la Escala de Sensibilidad Intercultural, la Herramienta de Evaluación de la Competencia Cultural (versión para estudiantes) y la Escala de Conciencia Cultural. Resultados: los estudiantes demostraron un alto nivel de sensibilidad intercultural pero un nivel moderado de competencia y conciencia cultural. Hubo variaciones entre los estudiantes de diferentes países, lo que sugiere posibles diferencias en los enfoques educativos. A pesar de que se esperaba que los estudiantes de educación superior tuvieran mayor competencia cultural, no se encontraron diferencias significativas por año de estudio, lo que indica que la competencia cultural no se incluye de forma efectiva en los planes de estudio de las carreras de pregrado en enfermería. Conclusión: los educadores de enfermería deben considerar la competencia cultural de los estudiantes antes de diseñar programas de estudio relacionados con la misma. Los programas de formación relacionados con la competencia cultural deben incluir elementos que se hayan asociado con una mayor competencia cultural, eso incluye habilidades lingüísticas, encuentros culturales y oportunidades de internacionalización.
Objetivo: avaliar o nível de competência cultural de uma população de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de quatro instituições europeias de ensino superior. Método: um total de 168 estudantes de enfermagem de quatro países diferentes foram incluídos em nosso estudo. A metodologia do estudo envolveu uma avaliação transversal da competência cultural entre estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de quatro universidades europeias. A coleta de dados incluiu variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como as seguintes ferramentas validadas: Escala de Sensibilidade Intercultural, Ferramenta de Avaliação de Competência Cultural (versão do aluno) e Escala de Consciência Cultural. Resultados: nossos resultados indicaram que os alunos demonstraram um alto nível de sensibilidade intercultural, mas um nível moderado de competência e consciência cultural. Houve variações entre os alunos de diferentes países, o que sugere possíveis diferenças nas abordagens educacionais. Apesar das expectativas de que os alunos de nível superior apresentariam maior competência cultural, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas por ano de estudo, indicando uma falta de integração eficaz da competência cultural nos currículos de enfermagem. Conclusão: os educadores de enfermagem devem considerar a competência cultural dos alunos antes de elaborar programas de estudo relacionados. Os programas de treinamento relacionados à competência cultural devem incluir elementos que tenham sido associados a uma maior competência cultural, incluindo habilidades linguísticas, encontros culturais e oportunidades de internacionalização.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Estudos Transversais , Enfermagem Transcultural , Educação em Enfermagem , Competência Cultural , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente CompetenteRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, al igual que su asociación con el tiempo de pantalla, la dieta y la actividad física, en una cohorte de estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre una muestra de 648 estudiantes de enfermería. Se utilizaron la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, la versión corta del International Physical Activity Questionnaire y el Índice de Alimentación Saludable español. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para analizar la asociación entre los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, y el tiempo de pantalla, la dieta y la actividad física. Resultados: la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión fue de 24,1% y 3,7%, respectivamente. El tiempo de pantalla prolongado (>6 horas por día), baja actividad física y dieta inadecuada se asociaron de manera independiente y significativa con una mayor sintomatología psicológica. Conclusión: la salud mental de los estudiantes de enfermería podría beneficiarse de implementarse iniciativas que promuevan estilos de vida saludables.
Objective: to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as their association with screen time, diet and physical activity, in a cohort comprised by nursing students. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 648 Nursing students. The instruments used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (Índice de Alimentación Saludable Español, IASE). Different multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between anxiety/depression symptoms and screen time, diet and physical activity. Results: the prevalence values for anxiety and depression symptoms were 24.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Prolonged screen times (>6 hours a day), low levels of physical activity and inadequate diet were independently and significantly associated with deeper psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Nursing students' mental health might benefit from the implementation of initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles.
Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e sua associação com tempo de tela, dieta e atividade física em uma coorte de estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo transversal com amostra de 648 estudantes de enfermagem. Utilizou-se a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire e o Índice Espanhol de Alimentação Saudável. Foram realizados diferentes modelos de regressão linear múltipla para analisar a associação entre sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e tempo de tela, dieta e atividade física. Resultados: a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foi de 24,1% e 3,7%, respectivamente. O tempo prolongado de tela (>6 horas por dia), a baixa atividade física e a dieta inadequada foram associados de forma independente e significativa ao aumento da sintomatologia psicológica. Conclusão: a saúde mental dos estudantes de enfermagem pode ser beneficiada com a implementação de iniciativas que promovam estilos de vida saudáveis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Exercício Físico , Estudos Transversais , Tempo de Tela , Angústia PsicológicaRESUMO
Objetivo: describir los patrones de actividad física de una cohorte de gestantes de nuestro medio y explorar su asociación con la ganancia de peso en cada uno de los trimestres del embarazo. Método: estudio descriptivo longitudinal sobre una muestra de 151 mujeres. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física para evaluar la actividad física durante el embarazo en función del volumen, intensidad y ámbito de realización. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para analizar la asociación entre actividad física y ganancia de peso gestacional. Resultados: la actividad física disminuyó durante el embarazo, tanto en tiempo como en intensidad. El índice de masa corporal pre-gestacional fue el principal factor asociado con una menor ganancia de peso a lo largo de todo el embarazo. La influencia de la actividad física sobre la ganancia de peso gestacional se limitó al tercer trimestre del embarazo en el que se observó una asociación inversa entre ambas variables. Conclusión: los resultados de este estudio muestran un importante descenso de la actividad física en la época del embarazo y sugieren una influencia limitada de ésta sobre la ganancia de peso gestacional.
Objective: to describe the physical activity patterns of a cohort comprised by pregnant women from our environment and to explore its association with weight gain in each of the trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: a descriptive and longitudinal study conducted with a sample of 151 women. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity during pregnancy based on volume, intensity and setting where it is performed. Different multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between physical activity and gestational weight gain Results: physical activity decreased during pregnancy, both in terms of time and intensity. Pre-gestational Body Mass Index was the main factor associated with lower weight gain throughout pregnancy. The influence of physical activity on gestational weight gain was limited to the third trimester of pregnancy, where an inverse association was observed between both variables. Conclusion: the results of this study show an important reduction in physical activity during pregnancy and suggest that it exerts a limited influence on gestational weight gain
Objetivo: descrever os padrões de atividade física de uma coorte de gestantes em nosso meio e explorar sua associação com o ganho de peso em cada um dos trimestres de gestação. Método: estudo descritivo longitudinal com uma amostra de 151 mulheres. O Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade física durante a gestação de acordo com o volume, intensidade e escopo do desempenho. Diferentes modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizados para analisar a associação entre atividade física e ganho de peso gestacional. Resultados: a atividade física diminuiu durante a gestação, tanto em tempo quanto em intensidade. O índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional foi o principal fator associado ao menor ganho de peso ao longo da gestação. A influência da atividade física no ganho de peso gestacional limitou-se ao terceiro trimestre de gestação, no qual foi observada associação inversa entre ambas as variáveis. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo mostram uma diminuição significativa da atividade física no momento da gravidez e sugerem uma influência limitada desta no ganho de peso gestacional.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Exercício Físico , Estudos Longitudinais , Ganho de Peso na GestaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cross-Cultural Dementia Screening (CCD), Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS), and European Cross-cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) are three novel neuropsychological instruments developed from a cross-cultural perspective to reduce the impact of culture in cognitive assessment and improve the assessment in diverse populations. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to collect and present normative data on these tests in a majority population sample (Spaniards living in Spain) and in a minority population sample (Colombians living in Spain). METHODS: CCD, RUDAS, and CNTB were administered to a group of 300 cognitively healthy participants (150 Spaniards and 150 Colombians). Linear regression modeling strategy was used to provide adjusted norms for demographic factors and to explore the influence of these factors on test performance. RESULTS: Most of the CCD and CNTB scores were predicted by age and years of education, with some tests only predicted by age or showing a ceiling effect. The comparison of normative data between the two samples confirmed the favorable cross-cultural properties of these instruments, with only some differences in processing speed and executive functioning scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our study finds a comparable influence of demographic factors in both populations on the performance of CCD, RUDAS, and CNTB, confirming their adequate cross-cultural properties. We provide normative data for these tests in Spaniards and Colombians living in Spain.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Demência , Humanos , Espanha , Colômbia , Função Executiva , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Demência/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as their association with screen time, diet and physical activity, in a cohort comprised by nursing students. METHOD: a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 648 Nursing students. The instruments used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (Índice de Alimentación Saludable Español, IASE). Different multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between anxiety/depression symptoms and screen time, diet and physical activity. RESULTS: the prevalence values for anxiety and depression symptoms were 24.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Prolonged screen times (>6 hours a day), low levels of physical activity and inadequate diet were independently and significantly associated with deeper psychological symptoms. CONCLUSION: Nursing students' mental health might benefit from the implementation of initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles.
Assuntos
Angústia Psicológica , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Tempo de Tela , Estudos Transversais , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Dieta , Exercício Físico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to describe the physical activity patterns of a cohort comprised by pregnant women from our environment and to explore its association with weight gain in each of the trimesters of pregnancy. METHODS: a descriptive and longitudinal study conducted with a sample of 151 women. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity during pregnancy based on volume, intensity and setting where it is performed. Different multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between physical activity and gestational weight gain. RESULTS: physical activity decreased during pregnancy, both in terms of time and intensity. Pre-gestational Body Mass Index was the main factor associated with lower weight gain throughout pregnancy. The influence of physical activity on gestational weight gain was limited to the third trimester of pregnancy, where an inverse association was observed between both variables. CONCLUSION: the results of this study show an important reduction in physical activity during pregnancy and suggest that it exerts a limited influence on gestational weight gain.
Assuntos
Ganho de Peso na Gestação , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Aumento de Peso , Exercício FísicoRESUMO
Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad en la infancia y la adolescencia se han incrementado a nivel mundial durante las últimas décadas. Este hecho se asocia, principalmente, con la falta de actividad física, hábitos de vida y comportamientos alimenticios poco saludables. Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de diferentes estudios de intervención escolar llevados a cabo en España para prevenir y tratar la obesidad en niños y niñas. Métodos: Se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda electrónica utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Medline y SPORTdiscus y los términos school-based intervention, Spain, healthy lifestyle, obesity prevention, physical activity y nutrition childhood obesity y children obesity. Se identificaron 124 artículos y solo 11 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones realizadas por el entorno escolar no fueron eficaces o significativas para cambiar los indicadores antropométricos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes españoles. Sin embargo, las intervenciones escolares unidas a la implicación familiar, pueden ser eficaces para modificar cambios en los hábitos nutricionales, nivel de actividad física y hábitos de vida saludable en la etapa infantojuvenil, ya que son los principales determinantes de obesidad en la infancia. Por último, la consolidación de un adecuado estilo de vida en etapas tempranas puede prevenir la obesidad y sobrepeso en la adultez(AU)
Introduction: Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence have increased worldwide in recent decades. This fact is associated mainly with a lack of physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle habits and eating behaviors. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of different school intervention studies carried out in Spain to prevent and treat obesity in boys and girls. Methods: An electronic search strategy was carried out using the PubMed, Medline and SPORTdiscus databases, under the terms school-based intervention, Spain, healthy lifestyle, obesity prevention, physical activity, nutrition, childhood obesity and children obesity. 124 articles were identified and only 11 met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The interventions carried out by school were not effective or significant to change the anthropometric indicators of Spanish children and adolescents. However, school interventions, together with family involvement, can be effective in modifying changes in nutritional habits, level of physical activity and healthy lifestyle habits in the infant-juvenile stage, since they are the main determinants of obesity in childhood. Finally, establishing an adequate lifestyle early can prevent obesity and overweight in adulthood(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Introducción: en la formación profesional es esencial desarrollar competencias laborales para responder a demandas complejas y llevar a cabo tareas diversas de forma adecuada. Objetivo: evaluar la competencia clínica del personal de enfermería en la prevención de infecciones en sitio quirúrgico. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, con personal de enfermería de los servicios de Cirugía General y Quirófano de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. La muestra incluyó 60 enfermeras de diferentes categorías y turnos. Se evaluó la competencia con un instrumento estructurado en dos apartados: datos sociodemográficos y laborales, y un caso clínico que abarcaba las dimensiones de conocimiento, habilidad y actitud. El nivel de competencia se determinó con base en la clasificación de Patricia Benner (principiante, principiante avanzado, competente, eficiente y experto). Resultados: el nivel de competencia clínica del personal de enfermería fue eficiente en el 75% y experto en 25%. En la dimensión de habilidad fue competente en el 93.5% y en conocimiento en 89.6%, no así, en la dimensión de actitud con 53.3%. La relación de la competencia clínica con la categoría laboral fue significativa (p = 0.026). Conclusión: la valoración de las competencias en personal de enfermería permite diseñar e implementar una evaluación antes y después, con la finalidad de distinguir la mejora de las competencias y la calidad del cuidado de enfermería a la persona, familia y comunidad.
Introduction: In professional training it is essential to develop job skills to respond to complex demands and carry out diverse tasks in an appropriate manner. Objective: To evalúate the clinical competence of nursing staff in the prevention of surgical site infections. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, which was composed of nursing staff from General Surgery and Operating Room Services from a second-level care hospital. The sample included 60 nurses from different categories and shifts. Competence was evaluated with a structured instrument divided into two sections: sociodemographic and labor data, and a clinical case covering the dimensions of knowledge, skills and attitude. The level of competence was determined on the basis of Patricia Bennerís dassification (beginner/novice, advanced beginner, competent, efficient and expert). Results: The level of clinical competence of the nursing staff was efficient in 75% and expert in 25%. In the skill dimensión, nursing staff was competent in 93.5% and 89.6% in knowledge, but not in the attitude dimensión with 53.3%. The relation of clinical competence with the labor category was significant (p = 0.026). Condusion: The assessment of competencies in nursing staff allows the design and implementation of a pre-post evaluation, in order to distinguish the improvement of competencies and the quality of nursing care for the person, family and community.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aptidão , Prevenção Primária , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Enfermagem , Competência Clínica , Conhecimento , Hospitais Gerais , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem , MéxicoRESUMO
In situ conservation efforts are assisting the recovery of free-ranging populations of the endangered peninsular pronghorns ( Antilocapra americana peninsularis) at the Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve, Baja California Sur, Mexico. We detected a polymicrobial dermal infection. Etiologic agents were identified as a keratinophilic dermatomycete and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.
Assuntos
Antílopes , Infecções por Serratia/veterinária , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Tinha/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , México/epidemiologia , Infecções por Serratia/complicações , Infecções por Serratia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Serratia/microbiologia , Serratia marcescens/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/complicações , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Tinha/complicações , Tinha/microbiologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Objetivo: este trabajo trata sobre la configuración de prácticas de transmisión, producción y uso de conocimiento científico en términos del establecimiento de diferentes espacialidades en la investigación clínica médica. Desarrollo: se reconstruyen las actividades desarrolladas en el Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IIM) de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, durante la dirección de Alfredo Lanari entre 1957 y 1976, por medio del uso de material documental y de archivo y del análisis de entrevistas realizadas a protagonistas de la época. Conclusiones: (i) la diferenciación y a la vez la interconexión de espacialidades fueron elementos centrales de la ideología y cultura institucional del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Lanari; (ii) los distintos espacios tales como la sección trasplantes y el servicio de diálisis hicieron del Instituto un lugar con reputación nacional e internacional al tiempo que otorgaron identidad y autoridad hacia su interior; (iii) la construcción de autoridad y jerarquía cognitiva implicó la puesta en juego de un conjunto de espacialidades tales como el ateneo y las residencias médicas y (iv) las formas de enseñanza y reclutamiento implementadas supusieron una nueva ecología común.
Objective: this paper study how scientific knowledge is, transmitted, produced and used in terms of the establishment of different spaces, in clinical and medical research. Content: we analyze the way research activities developed at the Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, during Alfredo Lanari was its director, between 1957 and 1976, using data from documental archives and form personal interviews. Conclusions: (i) differentiation and interconnection of spaces were central issues of the institutional culture and ideology of the Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Lanari; (ii) different spaces such as transplant section and dialysis service help the Institute to build itself as a place with national and international reputation as well as to reinforce internal authority and identity; (iii) cognitive authority and hierarchies construction mobilized a set of spaces such as medical residencies and seminars (the ateneo) and (iv) teaching and recruitment reforms involved a new common ecology.
Objetivo: este trabalho trata sobre a configuração de práticas de transmissão, produção e uso de conhecimento científico em termos do estabelecimento de diferentes espacialidades na investigação clínica médica. Desenvolvimento: reconstroem-se as atividades desenvolvidas no Instituto de Investigações médicas (IIM) da Universidade de Buenos Aires, durante a direção de Alfredo Lanari entre 1957 e 1976, através do uso de material documental e de arquivo e da análise de entrevistas realizadas a protagonistas da época. Conclusões: (i) a diferenciação e ao mesmo tempo a interconexão de espacialidades foram elementos centrais da ideologia e cultura institucional do Instituto de Investigações Médicas Lanari, (ii) os distintos espaços tais como a seção transplantes e o serviço de dialise fizeram do Instituto um lugar com reputação nacional e internacional ao tempo que outorgaram identidade e autoridade a seu interior, (iii) a construção de autoridade e hierarquia cognitiva implicou a posta em jogo de um conjunto de espacialidades tais como o ateneu e as residências médicas e (iv) as formas de ensino e recrutamento implementadas supuseram uma nova ecologia comum.
Assuntos
Humanos , Políticas, Planejamento e Administração em Saúde , Pesquisa , Universidades , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Domínios CientíficosRESUMO
La investigación clínica médica en la Argentina sin dudas, tuvo sus desarrollos más centrales ysignificativos a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, con la conformación y el desarrollo de la tradición de Alfredo Lanari. Lejos de ser una disciplina o especialidad, la investigación clínica médica se constituyó históricamente como un ámbito compuesto, donde los objetos y métodos de la medicina experimental2I fueron colocados al servicio de los conocimientos e intereses de la práctica clínica médica, orientada a brindar soluciones a los problemas de la salud humana. Esta articulación epistémica y cognitiva se dio con el desarrollo de específicos modelos institucionales y estilos profesionales
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , História da MedicinaRESUMO
AIMS: This computational modelling work illustrates the influence of hyperkalaemia and electrical uncoupling induced by defined ischaemia on action potential (AP) propagation and the incidence of reentry at the Purkinje-ventricle interface in mammalian hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Unidimensional and bidimensional models of the Purkinje-ventricle subsystem, including ischaemic conditions (defined as phase 1B) in the ventricle and an ischaemic border zone, were developed by altering several important electrophysiological parameters of the Luo-Rudy AP model of the ventricular myocyte. Purkinje electrical activity was modelled using the equations of DiFrancesco and Noble. Our study suggests that an extracellular potassium concentration [K(+)]o >14 mM and a slight decrease in intercellular coupling induced by ischaemia in ventricle can cause conduction block from Purkinje to ventricle. Under these conditions, propagation from ventricle to Purkinje is possible. Thus, unidirectional block (UDB) and reentry can result. When conditions of UDB are met, retrograde propagation with a long delay (320 ms) may re-excite Purkinje cells, and give rise to a reentrant pathway. This induced reentry may be the origin of arrhythmias observed in phase 1B ischaemia. CONCLUSION: In a defined setting of ischaemia (phase 1B), a small amount of uncoupling between ventricular cells, as well as between Purkinje and ventricular tissue, may induce UDBs and reentry. Hyperkalaemia is also confirmed to be an important factor in the genesis of reentrant rhythms, since it regulates the range of coupling in which UDBs may be induced.
Assuntos
Potenciais de Ação , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Hiperpotassemia/fisiopatologia , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Ramos Subendocárdicos/fisiopatologia , Animais , Simulação por Computador , Cães , Humanos , Hiperpotassemia/complicações , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologiaRESUMO
La institucionalización de la investigación clínica en la Argentina adquirió su máxima madurez a partir de la creación, en 1957, del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y del impulso de quien fuera su director durante casi 20 años, Alfredo Lanari. En este trabajo analizo las modalidades mediante las cuales esta figura construyó un estilo de investigación clínica y una posición de referente en la medicina local que le permitieron llevar adelante dicha realización institucional. Esta construcción fue fruto de una empresa personal pero al mismo tiempo abrevó en un contexto más amplio de transformaciones en la medicina mundial y en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo combinando el uso de fuentes orales (entrevistas a miembros del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, integrantes de la revista Medicina y de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica) y documentales (legajos académicos y artículos científicos).(AU)
The institutionalization of clinical research in Argentina reached its point of greatest maturity with the creation, in 1957, of the Institute of Medical Investigations (Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas) of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, and the drive of the man who was its director for almost 20 years, Alfredo Lanari. In this paper I analyze the ways in which he generated a style of clinical research and a referential position in local medical field that allowed him to carry out said institutional realization. This achievement was the result of a personal enterprise and at the same time part of a larger context of transformations within the medical discipline world-wide and at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. This study was carried out combining oral and documentary sources, such as interviews with physicians at the Institute of Medical Investigations, members of the journal Medicina and of the Argentine Society of Clinical Investigation (Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica), as well as academic files and scientific articles.(AU)
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Academias e Institutos/história , Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , ArgentinaRESUMO
La institucionalización de la investigación clínica en la Argentina adquirió su máxima madurez a partir de la creación, en 1957, del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y del impulso de quien fuera su director durante casi 20 años, Alfredo Lanari. En este trabajo analizo las modalidades mediante las cuales esta figura construyó un estilo de investigación clínica y una posición de referente en la medicina local que le permitieron llevar adelante dicha realización institucional. Esta construcción fue fruto de una empresa personal pero al mismo tiempo abrevó en un contexto más amplio de transformaciones en la medicina mundial y en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo combinando el uso de fuentes orales (entrevistas a miembros del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, integrantes de la revista Medicina y de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica) y documentales (legajos académicos y artículos científicos).(AU)
The institutionalization of clinical research in Argentina reached its point of greatest maturity with the creation, in 1957, of the Institute of Medical Investigations (Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas) of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, and the drive of the man who was its director for almost 20 years, Alfredo Lanari. In this paper I analyze the ways in which he generated a style of clinical research and a referential position in local medical field that allowed him to carry out said institutional realization. This achievement was the result of a personal enterprise and at the same time part of a larger context of transformations within the medical discipline world-wide and at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. This study was carried out combining oral and documentary sources, such as interviews with physicians at the Institute of Medical Investigations, members of the journal Medicina and of the Argentine Society of Clinical Investigation (Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica), as well as academic files and scientific articles.(AU)
RESUMO
La institucionalización de la investigación clínica en la Argentina adquirió su máxima madurez a partir de la creación, en 1957, del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y del impulso de quien fuera su director durante casi 20 años, Alfredo Lanari. En este trabajo analizo las modalidades mediante las cuales esta figura construyó un estilo de investigación clínica y una posición de referente en la medicina local que le permitieron llevar adelante dicha realización institucional. Esta construcción fue fruto de una empresa personal pero al mismo tiempo abrevó en un contexto más amplio de transformaciones en la medicina mundial y en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo combinando el uso de fuentes orales (entrevistas a miembros del Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, integrantes de la revista Medicina y de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica) y documentales (legajos académicos y artículos científicos).
The institutionalization of clinical research in Argentina reached its point of greatest maturity with the creation, in 1957, of the Institute of Medical Investigations (Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas) of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, and the drive of the man who was its director for almost 20 years, Alfredo Lanari. In this paper I analyze the ways in which he generated a style of clinical research and a referential position in local medical field that allowed him to carry out said institutional realization. This achievement was the result of a personal enterprise and at the same time part of a larger context of transformations within the medical discipline world-wide and at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. This study was carried out combining oral and documentary sources, such as interviews with physicians at the Institute of Medical Investigations, members of the journal Medicina and of the Argentine Society of Clinical Investigation (Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica), as well as academic files and scientific articles.
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Academias e Institutos/história , Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , ArgentinaRESUMO
The institutionalization of clinical research in Argentina reached its point of greatest maturity with the creation, in 1957, of the Institute of Medical Investigations (Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas) of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, and the drive of the man who was its director for almost 20 years, Alfredo Lanari. In this paper I analyze the ways in which he generated a style of clinical research and a referential position in local medical field that allowed him to carry out said institutional realization. This achievement was the result of a personal enterprise and at the same time part of a larger context of transformations within the medical discipline world-wide and at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. This study was carried out combining oral and documentary sources, such as interviews with physicians at the Institute of Medical Investigations, members of the journal Medicina and of the Argentine Society of Clinical Investigation (Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica), as well as academic files and scientific articles.
Assuntos
Academias e Institutos/história , Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , Argentina , História do Século XXRESUMO
A process based on orally-infected Rachiplusia nu larvae as biological factories for expression and one-step purification of horseradish peroxidase isozyme C (HRP-C) is described. The process allows obtaining high levels of pure HRP-C by membrane chromatography purification. The introduction of the partial polyhedrin homology sequence element in the target gene increased HRP-C expression level by 2.8-fold whereas it increased 1.8-fold when the larvae were reared at 27 °C instead of at 24 °C, summing up a 4.6-fold overall increase in the expression level. Additionally, HRP-C purification by membrane chromatography at a high flow rate greatly increase D the productivity without affecting the resolution. The V(max) and K(m) values of the recombinant HRP-C were similar to those of the HRP from Armoracia rusticana roots.