RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos: Determinar las características de las concentraciones elevadas de yoduria en escolares y adolescentes de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia del 2015 en participantes de 5 a 17 años que incluyó la medición de yoduria. Los criterios para medir el estado nutricional del yodo se basaron en la mediana de la concentración de yodo urinario en µg/L definido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), donde valores <100 son considerados como deficientes, entre 100-199 adecuada, 200-299 arriba de los requerimientos y >300 excesiva. Se realizaron además mediciones de razón de probabilidades a través de un análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: La mediana de yoduria nacional para escolares y adolescentes fue 406,8 µg/L y 410,8 μg/L respectivamente, mayor en el área urbana (410,5 µg/L); en la región Atlántica se encontró el mayor nivel para escolares (423,7 µg/L) y en la central para adolescentes (427,7 µg/L). El 4,4% de escolares y el 2,2% de adolescentes presentaron deficiencia y en más del 75% de la población, hubo ingesta excesiva de yodo. Los factores asociados a la ingesta excesiva de yodo en escolares fueron edad, etnia, región e índice de riqueza; y para adolescentes el sexo y área geográfica. Conclusiones: Las concentraciones de yoduria en escolares y adolescentes colombianos es superior al adecuado según OMS, la deficiencia es muy baja y se presenta un grave problema de salud pública por ingesta excesiva de yodo en tres cuartas partes de la población.
ABSTRACT Objetives: To determine the characteristics of high ioduria concentrations in schoolchildren and adolescents in Colombia. Materials and methods: Secondary analysis of the 2015 National Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia in participants aged 5 to 17 years, which included the measurement of ioduria. The criteria to measure the nutritional status of iodine were based on the median urinary iodine concentration in µg / L defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), where values <100 are considered deficient, between 100-199 adequate, 200-299 above the requirements and> 300 excessive. Odds ratio measurements were also performed through logistic regression analysis. Results: The national median iodine for schoolchildren and adolescents was 406.8 µg / L and 410.8 µg / L respectively, higher in the urban area (410.5 µg / L), in the Atlantic region the highest level was found for schoolchildren (423.7 µg / L) and in the central for adolescents (427.7 µg / L). 4.4% of schoolchildren and 2.2% of adolescents presented deficiency and in more than 75% of the population, there was excessive intake of iodine. The factors associated with excessive iodine intake in schoolchildren were age, ethnicity, region and wealth index, and for adolescents gender and geographic area. Conclusions: The iodine concentrations in Colombian schoolchildren and adolescents are higher than adequate according to WHO, the deficiency is very low and a serious public health problem occurs due to excessive iodine intake in three-quarters of the population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Deficiência de IodoRESUMO
Descriptive cross-sectional study with 417 pregnant women and 388 lactating women, belonging to a Comprehensive Care Program in Bogotá. A modular survey was applied with sociodemographic and health variables analyzed by frequency distributions, central tendency, and dispersion, with bivariate and multivariate analyses used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. 17% were under 18 years of age. Only 66.8% of all of the women had immediate skin-to-skin contact with their child. The risk factors for skin-to-skin contact and early initiation of breastfeeding were type of delivery (cesarean) (OR: 23.15, 95% Cl: 12.99,41.25) and (OR: 2.6, 95% Cl: 1.43, 4.73) respectively; In addition, newborn hospitalization for more than 3 days was also a risk factor for the early initiation of breastfeeding (OR: 2.85, 95% Cl: 1.42, 5.72). Not having skin-to-skin contact between the mother and her newborn was a risk factor for the early initiation of breastfeeding (OR: 2.43; Cl: 1.34; 4.41).
Estudio descriptivo transversal con 417 gestantes y 388 mujeres lactantes, perteneciente a Programa de Atención Integral en Bogotá. Encuesta modular aplicada con variables sociodemográficas y salud analizadas por distribuciones de frecuencia, tendencia central, dispersión, análisis bivariados y multivariados para calcular odds-ratios (OR) con intervalos de confianza (95%). 17% menores de 18 años. Solamente el 66.8% de todas las participantes tuvieron contacto piel a piel con sus hijos. Los factores de riesgo para el contacto piel a piel y el inicio temprano de la lactancia materna fueron el tipo de parto (cesárea) (OR: 23.15, IC95%: 12.99, 41.25) y (OR: 2.6, IC95%: 1.43, 4.73) r espectivamente; además, para el inicio temprano de la lactancia materna también fue factor de riesgo la hospitalización del recién nacido por más de 3 días (OR: 2.85, IC95%: 1.42, 5.72). No tener contacto piel a piel entre la madre y su recién nacido fue un factor de riesgo para el inicio temprano de la lactancia materna (OR: 2.43, 1C: 1.34, 4.41).
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento de Sucção , Aleitamento Materno , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Tato , Intervalos de Confiança , Estudos Transversais , Análise Multivariada , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Colômbia , Período Pós-Parto , Relações Mãe-FilhoRESUMO
Introduction: Type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality both worldwide and in Colombia. It mainly affects men and women over 45 years of age. Inadequate control of this disease can generate greater health complications making it one of the most costly diseases in the country. Treatment includes activities other than glycemic control and requires constant monitoring by medical personnel and educational processes directed at the patient and his or her family. Objective: To characterize the feeding of patients with DMII in three public hospitals of Cundinamarca. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of 212 patients that analyzed sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of consumption and feeding practices. Results: Most of the population was over 45 years old and had a low educational level. In total, 52% had a dietary plan, but only 8.9% received nutritional guidance from a nutritionist. The consumption of carbohydrates predominated, with low consumption of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. The consumption of sugars was lower in patients with a dietary plan (p <0.05). Conclusions: Most of the patients did not have an adequate nutrition; moreover, there was low adherence to dietary treatment, weakness in nutritional counseling and barriers to food access. These results can contribute to improving policies for the prevention and control of DMII and strategies based on the sociocultural context of the patients.