RESUMO

Soil samples collected near municipal schools (public/EMEI and private/EPEI schools), clubs (CLB), public squares (PS) and residential condominiums (CND) and samples of animal faeces from the Zoonosis Control Centre (CCZ) of the municipality of Votuporanga/SP were analysed using the Baermann method for the detection of zoonotic helminth larvae. The prevalence rates of the nematode genera identified were determined, and the results were compared using Fisher's exact and chi-square frequency tests. Information about cases of larvae migrans in the population were collected from the Family Health Units and the private health plans. All sites were positive for Ancylostoma spp. and, with the exception of EPEIs and dog faeces, for Strongyloides spp. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. was 87.5% for CND samples, 74.29% for EMIEs, 63.64% for CLB, 61.76% for PS and 64.29% for dog's and 42.86% for cats at CCZ. The prevalence of Strongyloides spp. ranged from 14.29% (cats/CCZ) to 41.18% (PS). Cases of cutaneous larva migrans were reported during interviews. Thus, from the public health perspective, the risk of individuals that frequent recreational areas in the municipality, especially children, to be infected by helminth larvae is noteworthy, indicating the need to develop policies aimed at controlling this important zoonosis.

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RESUMO

Soil samples collected near municipal schools (public/EMEI and private/EPEI schools), clubs (CLB), public squares (PS) and residential condominiums (CND) and samples of animal faeces from the Zoonosis Control Centre (CCZ) of the municipality of Votuporanga/SP were analysed using the Baermann method for the detection of zoonotic helminth larvae. The prevalence rates of the nematode genera identified were determined, and the results were compared using Fishers exact and chi-square frequency tests. Information about cases of larvae migrans in the population were collected from the Family Health Units and the private health plans. All sites were positive for Ancylostoma spp. and, with the exception of EPEIs and dog faeces, for Strongyloides spp. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. was 87.5% for CND samples, 74.29% for EMIEs, 63.64% for CLB, 61.76% for PS and 64.29% for dogs and 42.86% for cats at CCZ. The prevalence of Strongyloides spp. ranged from 14.29% (cats/CCZ) to 41.18% (PS). Cases of cutaneous larva migrans were reported during interviews. Thus, from the public health perspective, the risk of individuals that frequent recreational areas in the municipality, especially children, to be infected by helminth larvae is noteworthy, indicating the need to develop policies aimed at controlling this important zoonosis.(AU)

Amostras de solo colhidas em escolas municipais (ensino público/EMEI e privado/EPEI), clubes (CLB), praças públicas (PP), condomínios residenciais (CND) e de fezes de animais do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ) do município de Votuporanga/SP, foram submetidas ao método Baermann para detecção de larvas de helmintos zoonóticos. Foram determinadas as taxas de prevalência dos nematódeos identificados, e os resultados confrontados pelos testes Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado. Atendimentos de casos de larvas migrans na população foram levantados em entrevistas realizadas em Unidades de Saúde da Família e em planos de saúde privados. Todos os locais apresentaram positividade para Ancylostoma spp. e, com exceção de EPEIs e de fezes caninas, para Strongyloides spp. Prevalência de Ancylostoma spp. foi verificada em amostras de CNDs (87,50%), EMEIs (74,29%), CLBs (63,64%), PPs (61,76%) e em fezes de cães e gatos do CCZ (64,29% e 42,86%, respectivamente). As prevalências de Strongyloides spp. variaram de 14,29% (gatos/CCZ) a 41,18% (PP). Atendimentos de casos de larva migrans cutânea foram relatados nas entrevistas. Portanto, ressalta-se o risco de frequentadores de áreas de lazer do município, especialmente crianças, de adquirirem infecção por larvas de helmintos, indicando a necessidade da elaboração de propostas de políticas voltadas ao controle dessa importante zoonose.(AU)

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RESUMO

The current study evaluated helminth infections in birds raised in different production systems for different purposes (extensive/dual-purpose, semi-intensive/broiler, semi-intensive/hen, intensive/hen and intensive/broiler) in Brazil. A total of 374 birds was assessed for helminths at necropsy using standard parasitological methods. During the necropsies, organs from the gastrointestinal tract (crop, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, large intestine and ceca) of each bird were collected and the contents fixed in 70% ethanol. Additionally, the trachea and eyes were assessed for the presence of helminths. The small intestine was examined using a methodology that allowed the recovery of cestode scolices attached to the intestinal mucosa. Stereomicroscopy and optical microscopy were used to detect and identify helminth species based on their morphological characteristics. Fifteen helminth species were found among birds from the different systems. The extensive system presented the highest number of helminth species (six cestodes, seven nematodes and one trematode) and the highest number of parasites (mean helminths/bird), followed by the semi-intensive system (broiler: six cestode and four nematode species; hens: five cestode and three nematode species). Hens from the intensive system were parasitized by five cestode, four nematode and one trematode species. No parasites were detected in broilers raised in the intensive systems. The results obtained in this study highlight the need for special attention and the implementation of biosecurity measures for the prevention of helminth infections in intensive systems (hens) and particularly in extensive and semi-intensive alternative poultry production systems.

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RESUMO

The specific diagnosis and evaluation of the intensity of avian helminth infections are essential for efficacy studies and the determination of drug doses targeted to their control. This study evaluated the Mello and Campos method, originally described for parasitological diagnosis in dogs, in the recovery of scolices from cestode parasites of poultry (Gallus domesticus ). A total of 52 naturally infected birds obtained from farms underwent parasitological necropsy using the Mello and Campos method. The method consisted of four steps: content, soaking, scraping and evaluation. The number of scolices recovered per bird ranged from 1 to 4,345, and the highest number of scolices was recovered from material derived from the soaking step. The cestodes species diagnosed were Amoebotaenia cuneata , Choanotaenia infundibulum , Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona , Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina cesticillus . The Mello and Campos method, originally used to test for helminths in dogs, was effective in avian cestode testing because it includes a soaking step, which enables a more efficient recovery of scolices.(AU)

O diagnóstico específico e a avaliação da intensidade da infecção helmíntica em aves são fundamentais em estudos de eficácia e determinação de doses de medicamentos direcionados ao seu controle. O presente trabalho avaliou a aplicação e adaptação da metodologia de Mello e Campos, descrita originalmente para diagnóstico parasitológico em cães, na recuperação de escólices de cestódeos parasitos de aves domésticas (Gallus domesticus ). Foram empregadas 52 aves naturalmente infectadas e oriundas de produções rurais, as quais foram submetidas à necropsia parasitológica, adaptando-se a metodologia Mello e Campos. O método consistiu na realização de quatro etapas: conteúdo, imersão, raspado e avaliação. O número de escólices recuperadas por ave variou de 1 a 4.345, e o maior número de escólices foi recuperado do material oriundo da etapa de imersão. As espécies de cestódeos identificadas foram Amoebotaenia cuneata , Choanotaenia infundibulum , Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona , Raillietina echinobothrida e Raillietina cesticillus . Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente, concluindo-se que a metodologia adotada é eficaz para a recuperação de cestódeos de aves, uma vez que possui a etapa de imersão, que permite a recuperação mais eficiente de escólices.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The specific diagnosis and evaluation of the intensity of avian helminth infections are essential for efficacy studies and the determination of drug doses targeted to their control. This study evaluated the Mello and Campos method, originally described for parasitological diagnosis in dogs, in the recovery of scolices from cestode parasites of poultry (Gallus domesticus). A total of 52 naturally infected birds obtained from farms underwent parasitological necropsy using the Mello and Campos method. The method consisted of four steps: content, soaking, scraping and evaluation. The number of scolices recovered per bird ranged from 1 to 4,345, and the highest number of scolices was recovered from material derived from the soaking step. The cestodes species diagnosed were Amoebotaenia cuneata, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina cesticillus. The  Mello and Campos method, originally used to test for helminths in dogs, was effective in avian cestode testing because it includes a soaking step, which enables a more efficient recovery of scolices.(AU)

O diagnóstico específico e a avaliação da intensidade da infecção helmíntica em aves são fundamentais em estudos de eficácia e determinação de doses de medicamentos direcionados ao seu controle. O presente trabalho avaliou a aplicação e adaptação da metodologia de Mello e Campos, descrita originalmente para diagnóstico parasitológico em cães, na recuperação de escólices de cestódeos parasitos de aves domésticas (Gallus domesticus). Foram empregadas 52 aves naturalmente infectadas e oriundas de produções rurais, as quais foram submetidas à necropsia parasitológica, adaptando-se a metodologia Mello e Campos. O método consistiu na realização de quatro etapas: conteúdo, imersão, raspado e avaliação. O número de escólices recuperadas por ave variou de 1 a 4.345, e o maior número de escólices foi recuperado do material oriundo da etapa de imersão. As espécies de cestódeos identificadas foram Amoebotaenia cuneata, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina echinobothrida e Raillietina cesticillus. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente, concluindo-se que a metodologia adotada é eficaz para a recuperação de cestódeos de aves, uma vez que possui a etapa de imersão, que permite a recuperação mais eficiente de escólices.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The specific diagnosis and evaluation of the intensity of avian helminth infections are essential for efficacy studies and the determination of drug doses targeted to their control. This study evaluated the Mello and Campos method, originally described for parasitological diagnosis in dogs, in the recovery of scolices from cestode parasites of poultry (Gallus domesticus). A total of 52 naturally infected birds obtained from farms underwent parasitological necropsy using the Mello and Campos method. The method consisted of four steps: content, soaking, scraping and evaluation. The number of scolices recovered per bird ranged from 1 to 4,345, and the highest number of scolices was recovered from material derived from the soaking step. The cestodes species diagnosed were Amoebotaenia cuneata, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina cesticillus. The  Mello and Campos method, originally used to test for helminths in dogs, was effective in avian cestode testing because it includes a soaking step, which enables a more efficient recovery of scolices.

O diagnóstico específico e a avaliação da intensidade da infecção helmíntica em aves são fundamentais em estudos de eficácia e determinação de doses de medicamentos direcionados ao seu controle. O presente trabalho avaliou a aplicação e adaptação da metodologia de Mello e Campos, descrita originalmente para diagnóstico parasitológico em cães, na recuperação de escólices de cestódeos parasitos de aves domésticas (Gallus domesticus). Foram empregadas 52 aves naturalmente infectadas e oriundas de produções rurais, as quais foram submetidas à necropsia parasitológica, adaptando-se a metodologia Mello e Campos. O método consistiu na realização de quatro etapas: conteúdo, imersão, raspado e avaliação. O número de escólices recuperadas por ave variou de 1 a 4.345, e o maior número de escólices foi recuperado do material oriundo da etapa de imersão. As espécies de cestódeos identificadas foram Amoebotaenia cuneata, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina echinobothrida e Raillietina cesticillus. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente, concluindo-se que a metodologia adotada é eficaz para a recuperação de cestódeos de aves, uma vez que possui a etapa de imersão, que permite a recuperação mais eficiente de escólices.

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RESUMO

This study evaluated the occurrence of parasitic infections in the "pacu" fish Piaractus mesopotamicus and the "patinga" hybrid (P. mesopotamicus x Piaractus brachypomus) in the northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil. Fish from the following three fish farms were evaluated every two months: A, a hatchery and larviculture farm (n = 16 pacu / n = 19 patinga), B, a growout farm (n = 35 patinga) and C, a fee-fishing property (n = 28 pacu / n = 7 patinga). Thirty-five fish from each property were collected from February 2010 to February 2011 and subjected to parasitological analysis. The parasites found were the following: Mymarothecium viatorum, Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Notozothecium janauachensis (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea), Trichodina spp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella sp. (Protozoa), Myxobolus spp., Henneguya spp. (Myxozoa), Rondonia rondoni, Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), and Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea). Of the fish examined, 62.9% from "A" and 100% from "B" and "C" were infested with at least one parasite species. Pacu fish (n = 44) showed a higher susceptibility to Anacanthorus penilabiatus infestations, whereas patinga (n = 61) were more susceptible to Mymarothecium viatorum (p < 0.05). Appropriate fish handling (nutrition, transport and storage), in conjunction with monitoring of water quality, can reduce the stress to which the farmed fish are exposed and is essential for pathogen control.

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RESUMO

This study evaluated the occurrence of parasitic infections in the "pacu" fish Piaractus mesopotamicus and the "patinga" hybrid (P. mesopotamicus x Piaractus brachypomus) in the northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil. Fish from the following three fish farms were evaluated every two months: A, a hatchery and larviculture farm (n = 16 pacu / n = 19 patinga), B, a growout farm (n = 35 patinga) and C, a fee-fishing property (n = 28 pacu / n = 7 patinga). Thirty-five fish from each property were collected from February 2010 to February 2011 and subjected to parasitological analysis. The parasites found were the following: Mymarothecium viatorum, Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Notozothecium janauachensis (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea),Trichodina spp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella sp. (Protozoa), Myxobolus spp.,Henneguya spp. (Myxozoa), Rondonia rondoni, Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), and Dolops carvalhoi(Crustacea). Of the fish examined, 62.9% from "A" and 100% from "B" and "C" were infested with at least one parasite species. Pacu fish (n = 44) showed a higher susceptibility to Anacanthorus penilabiatus infestations, whereas patinga (n = 61) were more susceptible to Mymarothecium viatorum (p < 0.05). Appropriate fish handling (nutrition, transport and storage), in conjunction with monitoring of water quality, can reduce the stress to which the farmed fish are exposed and is essential for pathogen control.

Este estudo avaliou a ocorrência de infecções parasitárias em pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus e do híbrido patinga (P. mesopotamicus x P. brachypomus) procedentes da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Peixes de três pisciculturas foram avaliados bimestralmente: A - Reprodução e Larvicultura (n = 16 pacus / n = 19 patingas), B-Engorda n = 35 patingas), e C- Pesque-pague (n = 28 pacus / n = 7 patingas). Trinta e cinco peixes de cada propriedade foram coletados de fevereiro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, para análises parasitológicas. Os parasitas encontrados foram: Mymarothecium viatorum, Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Notozothecium janauachensis (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea), Trichodina spp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella sp. (Protozoa), Myxobolus spp., Henneguya spp. (Myxozoa), Rondonia rondoni, Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), and Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea). Dentre os peixes analisados, 62,9% de "A" e 100% de "B" e "C" estavam infectados/infestados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasita. Pacus (n = 44) apresentaram maior suscetibilidade a infestações por Anacanthorus penilabiatus, e patingas (n = 61), por Mymarothecium viatorum (p < 0.05). A profilaxia e cuidados durante o manejo (alimentação, transporte e estocagem), associados ao monitoramento da qualidade de água reduzem o estresse o qual os peixes cultivados estão submetidos, sendo medidas imprescindíveis para o controle de patógenos.

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RESUMO

Given the importance of nematode parasites in cattle herds, this study aimed to assess the parasitological status of dairy cattle from small producers in Votuporanga and Valentim Gentil, SP. During technical visits to 45 farms in the region, interviews and stool sample collections were performed. It was observed that the producers of the area follow different treatment programs and did not follow specific recommendations of any official institution or organ. It is noteworthy that the producers choose the medication according to their own guidance or at the shop counter, and use mainly ivermectin and doramectin to treat animals. Results of fecal examinations revealed higher values of EPG in lactating animals, followed by weaned animals. The stool cultures showed that infection was caused mainly by Haemonchus sp and Cooperia sp., and also that cattle of all farms were positive for Eimeria spp., while the most infected were lactating and weaned animals.

Dada a importância da verminose em bovinos, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o status parasitológico da bovinocultura de leite desenvolvida por pequenos produtores dos municípios de Votuporanga e de Valentim Gentil, SP. Foram empregadas visitas técnicas, entrevistas e colheita de fezes de animais em 45 propriedades. Observou-se que os produtores dos dois municípios utilizam diferentes programas de tratamento das helmintoses, não seguindo recomendações específicas de nenhum órgão de assistência técnica. Destaca-se a informação de que os produtores escolhem o medicamento segundo sua própria orientação ou no balcão de estabelecimentos comerciais, sendo empregados, principalmente, a ivermectina e a doramectina no tratamento dos animais. Resultados de exames coproparasitológicos revelaram maiores valores de OPG em animais em fase de amamentação, seguida por animais desmamados. As coproculturas realizadas revelaram infecção, principalmente, por Haemonchus sp e Cooperia sp., mostrando também animais positivos para Eimeria spp. em todas as propriedades, sendo os bezerros em fase de amamentação e desmamados as categorias mais infectadas.

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