RESUMO
Ulomoides dermestoides is a beetle traditionally consumed to treat diabetes. In this study, we performed a composition analysis of U. dermestoides to obtain the principal fractions, which were used to assess the effect on glycemia, liver and pancreatic architecture, and PPARγ and GLUT4 expression. Normal mice and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were administered fractions of chitin, protein or fat, and the acute hypoglycemic effect was evaluated. A subacute study involving daily administration of these fractions to diabetic mice was also performed over 30 days, after which the liver and pancreas were processed by conventional histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate morphological changes. The most active fraction, the fat fraction, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and PPARγ and GLUT4 mRNA expressions were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The protein and fat fractions exhibited hypoglycemic effects in the acute as well as in the 30-day study. Only the fat fraction led to elevated insulin levels and reduced glycemia, as well as lower intake of water and food. In the liver, we observed recovery of close hepatic cords in the central lobule vein following treatment with the fat fraction, while in the pancreas there was an increased density and percentage of islets and number of cells per islet, suggesting cellular regeneration. The GC-MS analysis of fat revealed three fatty acids as the major components. Finally, increased expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating an antidiabetic effect.
Assuntos
Besouros/química , Corpo Adiposo/química , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos de Tecidos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/efeitos dos fármacos , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , PPAR gama/efeitos dos fármacos , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Pâncreas/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Extratos de Tecidos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Ulomoides dermestoides is a beetle traditionally consumed to treat diabetes. In this study, we performed a composition analysis of U. dermestoides to obtain the principal fractions, which were used to assess the effect on glycemia, liver and pancreatic architecture, and PPARγ and GLUT4 expression. Normal mice and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were administered fractions of chitin, protein or fat, and the acute hypoglycemic effect was evaluated. A subacute study involving daily administration of these fractions to diabetic mice was also performed over 30 days, after which the liver and pancreas were processed by conventional histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate morphological changes. The most active fraction, the fat fraction, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and PPARγ and GLUT4 mRNA expressions were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The protein and fat fractions exhibited hypoglycemic effects in the acute as well as in the 30-day study. Only the fat fraction led to elevated insulin levels and reduced glycemia, as well as lower intake of water and food. In the liver, we observed recovery of close hepatic cords in the central lobule vein following treatment with the fat fraction, while in the pancreas there was an increased density and percentage of islets and number of cells per islet, suggesting cellular regeneration. The GC-MS analysis of fat revealed three fatty acids as the major components. Finally, increased expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating an antidiabetic effect.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos de Tecidos/uso terapêutico , Besouros/química , Corpo Adiposo/química , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Pâncreas/patologia , Extratos de Tecidos/isolamento & purificação , RNA Mensageiro/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , PPAR gama/efeitos dos fármacos , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/efeitos dos fármacos , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by oxidative stress and a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, which also play roles in the pathogenesis of this disease and the accompanying vascular complications by increasing the production of free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (C. ficifolia) is an edible Mexican plant whose hypoglycemic activity has been demonstrated in several experimental and clinical conditions. Recently, D-chiro-inositol has been proposed as the compound responsible for the hypoglycemic effects; however, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of this plant has not yet been explored. The aim of this research is to study the influence of a hypoglycemic, D-chiro-inositol-containing fraction from the C. ficifolia fruit (AP-Fraction) on biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as on the inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The AP-Fraction obtained from the mature fruit of C. ficifolia contained 3.31 mg of D-chiro-inositol/g of AP-Fraction. The AP-Fraction was administrated daily by gavage to normal mice for 15 days as a preventive treatment. Then these animals were given streptozotocin, and the treatments were continued for an additional 33 days. Pioglitazone was used as a hypoglycemic drug for comparison. Administration of the AP-Fraction significantly increased glutathione (GSH) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver without significantly affecting the levels in other tissues. The AP-Fraction reduced TNF-α and increased IL-6 and IFN-γ in serum. Interestingly, the AP-Fraction also increased IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that C. ficifolia might be used as an alternative medication for the control of diabetes mellitus and that it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its hypoglycemic activity.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Cucurbita/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Inositol/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Frutas , Glutationa/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Inositol/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pioglitazona , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologiaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: Psacalium peltatum (H.B.K.) Cass. (Asteraceae) is used medicinally to treat diabetes, rheumatic pains, as well as gastrointestinal and kidney ailments. Previous pharmacological and chemical assays have demonstrated that an aqueous fraction from Psacalium peltatum (AP-fraction) contains a carbohydrate-type compound with hypoglycemic activity. Nevertheless, studies have not yet considered the hypoglycemic action of the AP-faction by sub-chronic administration nor on other healing properties, some of which might be associated with DM2 and other inflammatory processes. AIM OF STUDY: To determine whether a hypoglycemic carbohydrate fraction (AP-fraction) from Psacalium peltatum roots has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Healthy mice received either saline, the AP-fraction with a high content of fructans, or pioglitazone (a positive control) daily by gavage. After 15 days of treatment, these animals received a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin and all treatments were continued for additional 33 days. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the AP-fraction were evaluated through the quantification of biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10). RESULTS: The AP-fraction reduced glycemia and the glycated hemoglobin. Furthermore, animals treated with the AP-fraction had increased GSH, while MDA was decreased in the liver and the heart, without changes in the kidneys and the pancreas. The AP-fraction significantly reduced TNF-α serum levels but did not modify IL-6; in addition, this fraction increased IFN-γ and IL-10 levels. The increase in IL-10 levels may indicate an inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, whereas the increase in IFN-γ might be indicative of a beneficial effect on the immune system. CONCLUSIONS: The AP-fraction hypoglycemic fructans from Psacalium peltatum roots showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The Psacalium peltatum hypoglycemic fructans may be valuable in preventing insulin resistance, as well as the development and progression of diabetic complications caused by chronic inflammation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Asteraceae/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Frutanos/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/análise , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Obesity is widely recognized as cause of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. It is provoked by imbalance between the spending and consumption of energy associated with a chronic inflammatory condition due to excessive storage of fat tissue. Obese patients have an impaired inflammatory profile that contributes to the development of vascular complications, with fat tissue being partially responsible for controlling both processes: energy balance (through PPAR) and inflammatory condition (through inflammatory markers). White adipose tissue produces cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, adiponectin, etc.) and participates in a broad spectrum of processes. Recently, glycine has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties which reduce TNF-α and IL-6 levels and increase adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in fat tissue of obese mice. In this study, the possible regulatory role of glycine on some factors involved in storage and energy burning (PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, PPAR-δ and UCP-2) was analyzed in lean and monosodium glutamate-induced obese mice (MSG/Ob mice). Glycine clearly increased fat tissue PPAR-γ expression in lean but not in MSG/Ob mice. The PPAR-γ and PPAR-α liver expression was repressed in both groups of mice, while the expression of PPAR-δ decreased only in lean mice. Interestingly, glycine treatment also suppressed the expression of UCP-2, TNF-α and IL-6 in lean mice, and increased adiponectin and insulin serum levels. In conclusion, glycine regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines through PPAR-γ. These results provide clues on glycine signaling mechanisms as an anti-inflammatory agent that might be useful for treatment of metabolic and vascular complications associated to inflammation in obesity.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicina/uso terapêutico , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Receptores Ativados por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/imunologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glicina/administração & dosagem , Glicina/farmacologia , Insulina/sangue , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Leptina/sangue , Camundongos , Obesidade/imunologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Glutamato de Sódio , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 2RESUMO
Abnormal zinc and lipid plasma levels occur more frequently in metabolically uncontrolled diabetic patients. These lipid alterations are key factors in the emergence of microvascular complications, which lead to death in those patients. Yet, zinc sulfate supplementation may be a therapeutical resource to recover some functioning and improve life span. This article reports the assessment of lipid profile from type 2-diabetes mellitus patients treated with hypoglycemic therapy drugs, who additionally presented zinc levels lower than average in Mexican reference. The patients received a 100 mg zinc sulfate treatment in a crossover double-blind design of clinically controlled study with starch as placebo. The diabetic patients had changes in their lipid profile after a 12-week zinc treatment as compared with placebo treatment. The 100 mg zinc sulfate treatment was well tolerated, significantly reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and increased those corresponding to zinc as well as HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream. Thus, using this treatment the cardiovascular involvement is expected to decrease in the type 2-diabetes mellitus patients, especially those with myocardial infarction and stroke, which are the main death causes in Mexico.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Sulfato de Zinco/farmacologia , Adulto , Idoso , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
This work was designed to study an alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus by using a transplant of hybrid cells obtained by the electrofusion of pancreatic islet cells from a healthy donor with dermic cells obtained from a recipient. The hybrid cells kept the capacity of insulin production, its regulation, and the natural control of glycemia, as well as the factors of histocompatibility to avoid the rejection. Four groups of four rats each were established: Group 1. Healthy animals (healthy control), Group 2. Diabetized non-treated animals (diabetic control), Group 3. Transplant recipient rats with extraction of dermic cells which were mixed with pancreatic insular cells from a healthy donor (transplant without fusion), and Group 4. Transplant recipient rats, with extraction of dermic cells which were electrofused with pancreatic insular cells from a healthy donor (transplant with fusion). For the Group 4, the cells were combined and they were submitted to dielectrophoresis conditions with an alternating current pulse of 15 s of 10 V RMS of 0.5 MHz. The fusion was made with a direct current pulse of 1 ms of 300 V. Clinical signs were registered (weight, diuresis, food and water intake), and several biochemical parameters in blood which included basal glycemia, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, urea, creatinine, insulin, glycated hemoglobin were registered. Additionally, ketone bodies and glucose were also measured in urine. All determinations were made at 30, 60, and 90 days. Animals of Group 1 maintained its parameters within the normal ranges. Rats of Group 2 presented alterations corresponding to a diabetic state in almost all the parameters measured, none of the animals showed a tendency to improve spontaneously, two of the rats died at 66 and 72 days. The Group 3 showed a clinical profile similar to the diabetic control group without improvement, only one rat died at day 33, while in the rats transplanted with fusion (Group 4) an improvement was observed on some parameters including body weight, water intake and glycemia. Although insulin concentration was under the normal range, it was higher than in the Group 3. None rat died. These results indicate that it is possible to improve the diabetic profile by the transplant of dermic cells from a diabetic animal fused with insular cells from a healthy donor in the recipient animal.
Assuntos
Derme/citologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/cirurgia , Células Híbridas/transplante , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/citologia , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Fusão Celular/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Ingestão de Líquidos/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Células Híbridas/citologia , Insulina/sangue , Corpos Cetônicos/urina , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Aumento de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
Ibervillea sonorae's root, or "wareque" (Cucurbitaceae), is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for the control of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the hypoglycemic effects produced by the acute and chronic administration of various extracts of Ibervillea sonorae were investigated. Both the traditional preparation (aqueous decoction) and the raw extract (juice) from the root resulted in significant reductions of glycemia in healthy mice after intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 600 mg/kg. Additionally, ground dried root was used to obtain a dichloromethane (DCM) extract and a methanol (MeOH) extract. The DCM extract induced a clear reduction of glycemia in healthy (P < 0.05) and in alloxan-diabetic mice. The intraperitoneally administered DCM extract caused a severe hypoglycemia that produced lethality in all the treated animals when doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight were used. Since the DCM extract showed a marked hypoglycemic activity, it was administered daily per os to alloxan diabetic rats, employing corn oil and tolbutamide as controls. After 41 days of DCM extract administration at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day, diabetic rats showed improvement in glycemia, body weight, triglycerides, and GPT in comparison with the diabetic control group. Total cholesterol, GOT, and uric acid blood levels were not affected.
Assuntos
Cucurbitaceae , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Medicina Tradicional , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Esquema de Medicação , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Raízes de Plantas , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Scorpions, especially in urban areas of tropical and subtropical regions, present a common risk of poisoning. In Mexico, scorpion envenomation is considered a public health problem. Despite the frequency of scorpion sting cases, there are to date no uniform criteria for their treatment. In Mexican traditional medicine, different plant species have been widely used as a remedy for treating scorpion poisoning. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Bouvardia ternifolia, Aristolochia elegans and Vitex mollis extracts on Centruroides limpidus limpidus venom lethality in mice, and to determine their antagonist activity on guinea pig ileum. The hexane and methanol extract from B. ternifolia modified the LD50 of C. limpidus limpidus venom from 0.750 +/- 0.08 to 1.64 +/- 0.19 and 1.16 +/- 0.14 mg/kg, respectively. The extracts of A. elegans produced lower antitoxic activity, while extracts of V. mollis did not show any protection. On in vitro test, addition of B. ternifolia and A. elegans extracts strongly inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the ileum contractions induced by venom. In general, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of these two plant species in modifying the lethality of C. limpidus limpidus venom in mice.
Assuntos
Antivenenos/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Picadas de Escorpião/tratamento farmacológico , Venenos de Escorpião/antagonistas & inibidores , Escorpiões , Animais , Antivenenos/administração & dosagem , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Aristolochia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Cobaias , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , México , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta , Raízes de Plantas , Rubiaceae , Venenos de Escorpião/toxicidade , VitexRESUMO
Acute hypoglycemic effects of freeze-dried juice of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (Cucurbitaceae) fruits were studied in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice. C. ficifolia fruit administered by intraperitoneal route produced, in a dose-dependent manner, a significant decrease of the glycemia in healthy mice. Although oral route of C. ficifolia fruit juice also caused significant reductions of blood glucose levels in healthy mice, the effect was minor. The juice administered by intraperitoneal route showed an acute hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-diabetic mice. In addition, daily oral administration of this preparation showed a highly significant reduction of the glycemia after 14 days of treatment. Freeze- dried juice caused acute toxicity when administered intraperitoneally, and also when it was administered daily by the oral route.
Assuntos
Cucurbitaceae , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Cucurbita , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Frutas , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Camundongos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The hypoglycaemic activities of four water ethanol extracts (WEE) prepared from Bidens pilosa L., Salvia officinalis L., Psacalium peltatum H.B.K. (Cass) and Turnera diffusa Willd. were investigated in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice. The WEE of S. officinalis significantly reduced the blood glucose of fasting normal mice 120 (15.7%) and 240 min (30.2%) after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05). The WEE of P. peltatum and B. pilosa also significantly diminished glycaemia in healthy mice at 240 min (19.6% and 13.8%, respectively). In mildly diabetic mice, the WEE of P. peltatum lowered the basal blood glucose level 120 (16%) and 240 min (54%) after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The WEE of B. pilosa and S. officinalis also significantly diminished the hyperglycaemia in mildly diabetic mice at 240 mins (32.6% and 22.7%, respectively). The administration of these three extracts to animals with severe hyperglycaemia did not cause a significant decrease. The WEE of T. diffusa did not show any hypoglycaemic activity. Thus, three of the WEE studied conserved the hypoglycaemic activity originally detected in the traditional preparations of the studied antidiabetic plants. It appears that these extracts require the presence of insulin to show hypoglycaemic activity.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Salvia officinalis/química , Turnera/química , Aloxano/farmacologia , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Esquema de Medicação , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/farmacologia , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , México , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study examines the effect of static and dynamic leg exercises on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in humans. METHODS: 10 healthy male subjects were studied at rest, during static exercise performed at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (SX30), and during dynamic cycling exercises done at 30% of VO2max (DX30) and at 60% of VO2max (DX60). Respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure signals were digitized to analyze temporal and spectral parameters involving short and overall indexes (SD, deltaRANGE, RMSSD, Total power), power of the low (LF), middle (MF), and high (HF) frequency components, and the baroreceptor sensitivity by the alphaMF index. RESULTS: During SX30, indexes of HRV as SD, deltaRANGE, Total power, and MF in absolute units increased in relation with rest values and were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than during DX30 and DX60; HF during SX30, in normalized and absolute units, was not different of the rest condition but was higher (P < 0.001) than HF during DX30 and DX60. Parameters of BPV as SD and deltaRANGE increased (P < 0.001) during both type of exercises, and significant (P < 0.01) increments were observed on MF during SX30 and DX30; systolic HF was attenuated during DX30 (P < 0.05), whereas diastolic HF was augmented during DX60 (P < 0.001). Compared with rest condition, the alphaMF index decreased (P < 0.01) only during dynamic exercises. CONCLUSION: Because HRV and BPV response is different when induced by static or dynamic exercise, differences in the autonomic activity can be advised. Instead of the vagal withdrawal and sympathetic augmentation observed during dynamic exercise, the increase in the overall HRV and the MF component during static exercise suggest an increased activity of both autonomic branches.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Adulto , Eletrocardiografia , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Perna (Membro) , Masculino , Pressorreceptores/fisiologia , RespiraçãoRESUMO
The hypoglycemic effect of the hexane, methanol and water extracts obtained from roots of Psacalium decompositum (Asteraceae) was investigated in fasting healthy mice. Only the water extract significantly reduced blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner in normal mice after intraperitoneal administration (P<0.05). This water extract was macerated with methanol obtaining a precipitate (WMP fraction), and it was studied in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice. The WMP fraction showed significant hypoglycemic activity in healthy and mild diabetic mice, but the administration of this fraction to animals with severe diabetes did not cause any significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Two polysaccharide components isolated from WMP fraction showed hypoglycemic effect when tested in healthy mice.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Hexanos , Hipoglicemiantes/análise , Hipoglicemiantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Metanol , México , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Polissacarídeos/análise , Solventes , ÁguaRESUMO
The hypoglycemic activity of Psacalium decompositum (Asteraceae) was investigated in fasting healthy mice and alloxan-diabetic mice. The freeze-dried water decoction significantly reduced the blood glucose in normal mice (from 50.9 +/- 4.7 to 32.5 +/- 3.1 mg/dl) and in mild diabetic mice (from 208.5 +/- 13.0 to 52.3 +/- 7.0 mg/dl), 240 min after intraperitoneal administration (P < 0.005). This preparation also diminished fasting glycemia in severe diabetic mice, but the effects were minor (from 394.4 +/- 9.4 to 289.3 +/- 39.5 mg/dl). The main sesquiterpenoid constituents from P. decompositum roots, cacalol, cacalone and maturin, as well as the transformation product cacalol acetate, did not show a hypoglycemic effect on healthy mice. Nevertheless, two polysaccharide fractions (F1 and F3) obtained from the freeze-dried water extract significantly reduced the fasting glycemia in healthy mice. The best results were obtained with the F1 fraction.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Aloxano , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos , Raízes de Plantas/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapêutico , ÁguaRESUMO
The behavior of temporal and spectral parameters of the heart rate variability was determined during 5 different maneuvers in order to characterize the level of sympathetic-vagal activity. The discriminating capacity of two spectral parameter estimation schemes were compared, and the respiratory influence was evaluated. One hundred and ten records of instantaneous heart rate and respiratory amplitude were analyzed, both in temporal and spectral perspectives. The records were obtained from 22 healthy subjects, under a five-stage protocol: supine, controlled breathing, standing, exercise, and recovery. A discriminating and characteristic behavior was found among the maneuvers, specifically for the dispersion parameters, low and intermediate partial components. The two integration-normalization procedures used in the estimation of the spectral components showed similarities, producing a functional interpretation independent of the selected procedure. The division of the low frequency component in two separate bands, allowed an improved discriminating capacity. The respiration had an important influence in the controlled breathing maneuver while being lower in the rest of the stages. In conclusion, the maneuvers determined a typical behavior of the dispersion and spectral parameters (low and intermediate partial components) of the heart rate variability, showing adequate distinctive levels in the sympathetic-vagal activity for each maneuver.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Respiração , Adulto , Algoritmos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
The purpose of this research was to study the anti-hyperglycemic effect of 28 medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Each plant was processed in the traditional way and intragastrically administered to temporarily hyperglycemic rabbits. The results showed that eight out of the 28 studied plants significantly decrease the hyperglycemic peak and/or the area under the glucose tolerance curve. These plants were: Guazuma ulmifolia, Tournefortia hirsutissima, Lepechinia caulescens, Rhizophora mangle, Musa sapientum, Trigonella foenum graceum, Turnera diffusa, and Euphorbia prostrata. The results suggest the validity of their clinical use in diabetes mellitus control, after their toxicological investigation.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Glucose/farmacologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Masculino , México , Coelhos , Tolbutamida/farmacologiaRESUMO
The effects of Psacalium decompositum, Psacalium peltatum and Acourtia thurberi (Asteraceae) on blood glucose levels were investigated in fasting mice and temporally hyperglycemic rabbits. The root decoction of P. decompositum reduced the blood glucose of normal mice from 49.1 +/- 3.8 to 35.7 +/- 2.0 mg/dl after intraperitoneal administration (P < or = 0.005) and significantly lowered the hyperglycemic peak (17.1%) in rabbits with temporal hyperglycemia. P. peltatum and A. thurberi decoctions also diminished fasting glycemia in mice and hyperglycemia in rabbits, but the effects were minor. A preliminary phytochemical study using thin layer chromatography showed that water decoctions of the three roots contained alkaloids and sugars. P. decompositum and P. peltatum showed the presence of maturine. However, other furoeremophylanes, such as cacalol and cacalone were only present in P. decompositum. A. thurberi root water decoction showed the presence of the benzoquinone perezone, and its derivative pipitzol.
Assuntos
Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Jejum/sangue , Masculino , México , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/análise , CoelhosRESUMO
The anti-hyperglycemic effect of 12 edible plants was studied on 27 healthy rabbits, submitted weekly to subcutaneous glucose tolerance tests after gastric administration of water, tolbutamide or a traditional preparation of the plant. Tolbutamide, Cucurbita ficifolia, Phaseolus vulgaris, Opuntia streptacantha, Spinacea oleracea, Cucumis sativus and Cuminum cyminum decrease significantly the area under the glucose tolerance curve and the hyperglycemic peak. Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Allium cepa and Allium sativum only decrease the hyperglycemic peak. The glycemic decreases caused by Psidium guajava, Brassica oleracea and Lactuca sativa var. romana were not significant (P > .05). The integration of a menu that includes the edible plants with hypoglycemic activity for the control and prevention of diabetes mellitus may be possible and recommendable.
Assuntos
Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hipoglicemiantes/química , México , Coelhos , Tolbutamida/farmacologiaRESUMO
The objective of this work is to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of 12 "antidiabetic" plants used in Mexico. The studies were performed using 27 healthy rabbits with the gastric administration of water, tolbutamide or decoction of the "antidiabetic" plant before the induction of temporary hyperglycemia by subcutaneous injection of 50% dextrose solution (4 ml/kg of weight) at the beginning of the experiment and after 60 min. Blood glucose was determined every 60 min for a period of 5 h. Tolbutamide and eight of the studied plants decreased significantly the hyperglycemia as compared with control test (water) (p < 0.05). The strongest effect was yielded by Guaiacum coulteri, followed by Marrubium vulgare, Crataegus pubescens, Cynodon dactylon, Calea zacatechichi, Buddleia americana, Bauhinia divaricata and Coix lachryma. The decrease of hyperglycemia caused by Physalis phyladelphyca, Pavonia schiedeana and Eucaliptus globulus was not significant (p > 0.05). Urtica dioica increased glycemia slightly.