RESUMO
Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) se encuentranen forma habitual en la práctica clínica, representando hasta el2% del total de consultas dermatológicas. Dentro de las RAM reportadas,hasta el 30% corresponderían a RAM mucocutáneas(RAM- MC). El Programa de Farmacovigilancia se implementó enChile el año 1995. Desde el año 2011 se encuentra normado,siendo de carácter obligatorio la notificación al Subdepartamentode Farmacovigilancia del Instituto de Salud Pública (ISP). El objetivode este trabajo es describir retrospectivamente las notificacionesde sospechas de RAM- MC realizadas al ISP durante el año2013. Se obtuvo un total de 113 notificaciones, la mayoría de ellasen mujeres (59,3%). Las RAM- MC más frecuentemente notificadasfueron erupción eritematosa (47,8%), hiperpigmentación dela piel (23,9%), síndrome de Stevens Johnson (8,8%) y anafilaxia(8,8%). Los fármacos involucrados con mayor frecuencia fueronlos quimioterapéuticos (28,3%), antibióticos (19,5%), otros (15%)y anticonvulsivantes (8%).
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are seen routinely in clinicalpractice, representing up to 2% of dermatology consultations.Among the reported ADRS, up to 30% correspond to mucocutaneousADRS-MC. The Pharmacovigilance Programmewas implemented in Chile in 1995. Since 2011 it notificationis mandatory to the Subdepartment of Pharmacovigilance ofthe Public Health Institute (ISP). The aim of this study is todescribe retrospectively the reports of suspected ADRS-MCmade to the ISP during 2013. A total of 113 notifications wereobtained, most of them in women (59.3%). The RAM-MC morefrequently reported were erythematous rash (47.8%), skin hyperpigmentation(23.9%), Stevens Johnson syndrome (8.8%)and anaphylaxis (8.8%).The drugs most often involved were chemotherapeutics(28.3%), antibiotics (19.5%), others (15%) and anticonvulsants(8%).
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Toxidermias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Notificação de Doenças , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Farmacovigilância , Chile/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In order for bite forces to be used clinically, they must be reliable. While bite force transducers are accurate and precise during bench tests, widely varying reliabilities of intra-oral bite forces have been reported when measured in human subjects. Because few studies have reported total reliability, the clinical use of intra-oral bite forces measurements remains questionable. The purposes of this study were to (i) estimate total reliability, including both within- and between-session reliabilities, of repeated maximum incisor and molar bite force measurements and (ii) demonstrate how extraneous variation affects reliability by comparing estimates for which the effects of age have and have not been controlled. A sample of 28 healthy subjects with Class I normal occlusion (seven subjects in each of four age groups: 5, 8, 11 and 14 years) performed two sessions approximately 90 min apart. Each session consisted of three maximum voluntary bites at three bite positions (incisor and right and left molars). For each bite position, between-subject variance (true variance), between-session variance and within-session variance were calculated using Multilevel modelling procedures. The variances were used to estimate between-session reliabilities, within-session reliabilities and total reliabilities. Within-session reliabilities were substantially higher than between-session reliabilities, which in turn was higher than total reliabilities at all bite positions. Reliabilities were highest at the incisor bite position. Not controlling for age effects substantially overestimated total reliability at all bite positions. After controlling for age effects, total reliabilities of repeated maximum bite forces were low to moderate.
Assuntos
Força de Mordida , Músculo Masseter/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Oclusão Dentária , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Feminino , Humanos , Incisivo/fisiologia , Masculino , Dente Molar/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , TransdutoresRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the use of levodopa in Cuba in order to provide a basis for intervention aimed at improving pharmacological treatment of individuals presenting with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: We studied the amount of levodopa, both plain and combined, distributed by the central laboratory to hospital and community pharmacies in Cuba in the period 1993-1998. An internationally established drug-classification system and a reported method for epidemiological assessment of levodopa sales were applied. Sweden in 1994 served as the reference population. RESULTS: National crude rates of levodopa use basically remained stable since 1994, and in 1998 stood at 0.11 defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants/day, approximately 15 times lower than the corresponding figure for the reference population. Annual provincial use of levodopa showed considerable geographical variation, with the lowest rates in the eastern provinces and the highest rates in Havana City (Ciudad de La Habana). Adjustment for age reduced such differences by approximately 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Levodopa use in Cuba is low and consistent with the reported low prevalence of the diagnosis of PD. Results suggest that the diagnosis and treatment of PD can be improved, with emphasis on better detection of PD.
Assuntos
Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Cuba , Uso de Medicamentos , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Formerly an endemic disorder, the frequency of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in Spain has been declining during recent decades until reaching its near extinction. However, the strong migratory flow during recent years towards large cities from countries where NCC is highly prevalent, particularly the Andean area of South America, has been followed by a growing increase ot this infestation among immigrants. Since NCC is commonly acquired by direct contamination from carriers of the tapeworm Taenia solium, there may be an emergence of NCC among Spanish-born population unless preventive measures are taken.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Neurocisticercose/epidemiologia , Humanos , Neurocisticercose/prevenção & controle , Saneamento , América do Sul , Espanha/epidemiologia , Taenia solium/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of the mandible, including its TMJ. The model consisted of 7942 nodes and 41,010 elements, which were obtained from a convergence test, done to minimize the result error. It included cancellous and cortical bone, periodontal ligament, masticatory muscles (masseters, temporalis, lateral and internal pterygoids), teeth and the articular disk. All characteristics such as dental, mandibular, and muscle geometry were obtained from a computerized tomography (CT) of a living person. CT sections were scanned and digitized with a CAD software program. After images were adequately assembled, a vertical tracing was done which allowed the definition of a three-dimensional mesh. Modeling of teeth was carried out independently and the periodontal ligament was later included, limiting the alveolar area. Muscles were modeled based on flat-scale photographs and total muscle force was distributed in multiple vectors. The articular disk was generated having 2 mm of thickness with the combination of spring-type (axial stiffness) and gap-type (contact) elements. The model was then analyzed with finite element method (FEM) software where a mesh was generated and values for Poisson's ratio, elasticity, and shear modulus were assigned. These were orthotropic for cancellous and cortical bone, and isotropic for dentin, periodontal ligament, articular disk, and temporal bone. The boundary conditions were defined restricting the nodes on the periphery of the temporal bone. It was therefore possible to generate a three-dimensional finite element model based on information obtained in vivo.
Assuntos
Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Modelos Anatômicos , Modelos Dentários , Articulação Temporomandibular/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Masculino , Músculos da Mastigação/anatomia & histologia , Ligamento Periodontal/anatomia & histologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Dente/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
In Mexico cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) occurs in 17 of 32 States, and is a serious public health problem. This is a report of treatment of CL patients in the State of Tabasco, Mexico with a localized current field-radio frequency (LCF-RF) device to generate precisely controlled heat as an alternative to prohibitively expensive drug treatment. It was not a controlled clinical trial, but rather an evaluation of the feasibility of this form of treatment for all CL patients encountered in the endemic area. A total of 201 previously diagnosed patients with CL caused by Leishmania mexicana were treated with a portable Thermosurgery LCF-RF generator powered by rechargeable batteries. The ages of the patients ranged from two to 75 years; the sex distribution was 63% males and 37% females. A single device was used in five different municipalities. Lesions were first anesthetized with 1% lidocaine HCl and moistened with normal saline solution. Treatment consisted of a single application that produced 50 degrees C for 30 sec. After four weeks, 122 patients were available for evaluation, of which 95% were totally cured; (even those involving ear cartilage, which respond poorly to antimonials). At eight weeks post-treatment, 191 patients were evaluated, with a total cure rate of 90%. This form of treatment proved to be effective and convenient for use in primary health care facilities in Mexico and has many advantages over traditional forms of therapy.
Assuntos
Temperatura Alta/uso terapêutico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/terapia , Terapia por Radiofrequência , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Intergeneric hybrids between Triticum aestivum L. and conventional rhizomatous Agropyron species were produced in variable frequencies. They were recovered in high percentage frequencies for T. aestivum cultivars with A. acutum (14.6%), A. intermedium (48.0%), A. pulcherrimum (53.3%), and A. trichophorum (46.6%). The crossability percentages with the highly crossable cultivar 'Chinese Spring' for these Agropyron species accessions were 33.12%, 65.0%, 53.3%, and 65.4%, respectively. Autosyndetic associations of two of their three genomes gave mean meiotic chromosome association data of 17.0 I (univalents) +1.53 II (ring bivalents) + 7.04 II (rod bivalents) +1.43 III (trivalents) +0.05 IV (quadrivalents) +0.01 IV (pentavalents) for A. acutum and of 21.8 I + 1.56 II (rings) +7.22 II (rods) +0.84 III + 0.04 IV for A. intermedium. Chromosome pairing at metaphase I was comparatively lower for A. pulcherrimum (34.4 I + 0.2 II (rings) +3.4 II (rods) +0.14 III) and A. trichophorum (36.7 I + 0.35 II (rings) +2.26 II (rods) + 0.04 III) hybrids with T. aestivum. Hybrids of wheat with A. campestre and A. repens were obtained in low frequency. Direct crossing did not permit T. aestivum/ A. desertorum hybridization. However, by utilizing the 2n=10x=70 A. repens/A. desertorum amphiploid as the pollen source, hybridization with T. aestivum did indeed occur. Aneuploidy was prevalent in this hybrid combination while all other hybrid combinations were apparently normal.