RESUMO

Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that was described less than a decade ago. It is caused by the excess of free intracellular iron that leads to lipid (hydro) peroxidation. Iron is essential as a redox metal in several physiological functions. The brain is one of the organs known to be affected by iron homeostatic balance disruption. Since the 1960s, increased concentration of iron in the central nervous system has been associated with oxidative stress, oxidation of proteins and lipids, and cell death. Here, we review the main mechanisms involved in the process of ferroptosis such as lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase 4 enzyme activity, and iron metabolism. Moreover, the association of ferroptosis with the pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, has also been addressed.

Assuntos

Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Ferroptose , Doença de Huntington/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/genética , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/patologia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Humanos , Doença de Huntington/genética , Doença de Huntington/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Neurônios/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase/deficiência