RESUMO
We describe a new species of Eulimnadia from the Caribbean using fresh material from the island of St Thomas. Originally reported in 2003 as a Eulimnadia cf. texana (Packard, 1871) based on egg morphology, this species egg distinctly differs from E. texana by the number of lateral grooves and by the single domed end.
RESUMO
As part of preparation for identification keys to the branchiopod crustaceans of the Neotropical Region, we re-examined many species of Anostraca that appeared to be closely related. Our examination caused us to re-evaluate the status and relationship of two branchinectid species.
Assuntos
Anostraca , Crustáceos , AnimaisRESUMO
Branchinecta uruguayensis, a new species of fairy shrimp, is described from a single seasonally astatic aquatic habitat in coastal Uruguay. This is the first record of an anostracan from the nation of Uruguay. Male B. uruguayensis n. sp. are separated from other Branchinecta species by the form of the second antennae. Branchinecta uruguayensis n. sp. share the distal antennomere lobiform projection with B. papillata Rogers, De los Rios, & Zúñiga, 2008 and B. achalensis César, 1985. Branchinecta uruguayensis n. sp. females are readily separated from all other Branchinecta by the presence of posteriolateral thoracic spines and lateral crenulations on the first abdomen segment margins. A key is provided to the Branchinectidae of South America.
Assuntos
Anostraca/classificação , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais/anatomia & histologia , Estruturas Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Anostraca/anatomia & histologia , Anostraca/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tamanho Corporal , Ecossistema , Feminino , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , UruguaiRESUMO
We conducted phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b sequence data to assess genetic variation within and among the three allopatric segments of the distribution of Peromyscus furvus from the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico. We identified 24 unique haplotypes among the 54 individuals examined and genetic distances ranged up to 0.078 substitutions per site. Populations from the central portion of the range formed a monophyletic unit, whereas samples from the southern distributional unit were polyphyletic. Furthermore, the southernmost population sampled may represent a distinct species. This high degree of genetic differentiation among populations, currently recognized as conspecific, mirrors the result of other genetic studies of highland rodents in Mesoamerica. Together these studies indicate that the region, already considered hyperdiverse on the basis of species diversity and endemism, may contain considerably greater diversity than is currently appreciated.
Assuntos
Grupo dos Citocromos b/genética , Muridae/genética , Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/química , Variação Genética , Geografia , Haplótipos , México , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
A 0.125 degree raster or grid-based Geographic Information System with data on tsetse, trypanosomiasis animal production, agriculturerkina> and land use has recently been developed in Togo. This paper addresses the problem of generating tsetse distribution and abundance maps from remotely sensed data, using a restricted amount of field data. A discriminant analysis model is tested using contemporary tsetse data and remotely sensed, low resolution data acquired from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and Meteosat platforms. A split sample technique is adopted where a randomly selected part of the field measured data (training set) serves to predict the other part (predicted set). The obtained results are then compared with field measured data per corresponding grid-square. Depending on the size of the training set the percentage of concording predictions varies from 80 to 95 for distribution figures and from 63 to 74 for abundance. These results confirm the potential of satellite data application and multivariate analysis for the prediction, not only of the tsetse distribution, but more importantly of their abundance. This opens up new avenues because satellite predictions and field data may be combined to strengthen or substitute one another and thus reduce costs of field surveys.
Assuntos
Conceitos Meteorológicos , Moscas Tsé-Tsé , África Ocidental , Animais , Bovinos , Controle de Custos , Análise Multivariada , Dinâmica Populacional , Comunicações Via Satélite , Tripanossomíase Bovina/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A lectin from the red marine alga Ptilota filicina (PFL) was isolated by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar gum. PFL agglutinated native and papain-treated human erythrocytes with preference for type O erythrocytes. The lectin was inhibited by galactose and its derivatives. The most potent inhibitors were p-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha- and beta-D-galactosaminide. Porcine stomach mucin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin and asialo bovine mucin were also inhibitory. The M(r) of PFL, determined by gel filtration, was 56,900. SDS-PAGE gave one band with a subunit M(r) of 19,320, indicating the native protein to be a trimer of apparently identical subunits. PFL was shown to be rich in acidic and hydroxyl amino acids but low in basic amino acids. The ten N-terminal amino acids were Asx-Thr-Lys-Thr-Leu-Leu-Ala-.
Assuntos
Galactose , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Lectinas/isolamento & purificação , Mucinas/química , Rodófitas/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Aminoácidos/análise , Animais , Bovinos , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Mucosa Gástrica/química , Humanos , Lectinas/química , Água do Mar , Glândula Submandibular/química , SuínosRESUMO
High levels of activity were detected when extracts of certain brown algae were tested for the presence of enzyme inhibitiors, lectins and DNA- cleaving compounds. Partial purification of these extacts by dialysis against water revealed that the compounds active in all three test were high molecular weight polyphenols. The active species included ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus serratus and F.versiculosus
Assuntos
Biologia Marinha/métodos , DNA/análise , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Phaeophyceae , Fenol/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Immunization with the GP46/M-2 membrane glycoprotein of Leishmania amazonensis has been shown to induce a protective immune response against infection. We have surveyed a variety of trypanosomatid species and genera for the presence and expression of this gene family, information that will be relevant to future vaccine studies against leishmaniasis. Molecular karyotype analysis revealed the presence of GP46/M-2 genes in all members of the Leishmania mexicana complex, Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania tarentolae, and Crithidia fasciculata. In contrast, DNAs from species of the Leishmania braziliensis complex (L. braziliensis, Leishmania guyanensis, and Leishmania panamensis) failed to hybridize to GP46/M-2 probes. Western blot analyses with several polyclonal antisera against the GP46/M-2 protein revealed protein expression in L. major and L. donovani, but not L. panamensis or L. braziliensis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that a loss of the GP46A gene family occurred following separation of the L. braziliensis complex, prior to speciation events within this complex. These data indicate that GP46/M-2 membrane glycoprotein may not be critical to parasite survival, but may play an ancillary role during the developmental cycle.
Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Família Multigênica , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Southern Blotting , Western Blotting , Cariotipagem , Leishmania/genéticaRESUMO
Las especies del hongo Alternaria producen metabolitos secundarios, muchos de los cuales son tóxicos al hombre y otros mamiferos. Los metabolitos pueden ser clasificados, de una manera general, en cinco grupos estructurales: dibenzo Ó pironas, antraquinonas, ácidos tetraméricos, polipéptidos y otras toxinas. Los diferentes compuestos reportados en estos grupos fueron revisados, así como sus efectos tóxicos producidos por los compuestos más importantes (alternario, y ácido tenuazónico)
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Alternaria/patogenicidade , Micotoxinas/análise , Alternaria/análise , Micotoxinas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Las algas marinas recolectadas en Túnez y Venezuela han sido analizadas buscando la presencia de lectinas, agentes antihemostáticos y compuestos Dragendorff positivo. De 34 especies estudiadas, la actividad de las lectinas fue demostrada en los extractos de 14 de ellas. De éstas, las especies consideradas de más valor para estudios posteriores fueron Halimeda tuna, H.opuntia, Bryotamnion triquetum, B. seaforthii, Codium isthmocladum y Centroceras clavulatum. La actividad anticoagulante fue detectada en extractos de 26 de las especies analizadas. El extracto con más actividad de potencia inhibidora fue el de Centroceras clavulatum, pero el de Codium isthmocladum también se consideró interesante. Once especies fueron estudiadas por su contenido de compuestos Drangendorff positivo. Tanto las betainas como el compuesto de sulfonio terciario del tipo 3-dimetilsulfoniopropinato (DMSP) o una mezcla de DMSP y una betaina fueron aisladas y caracterizadas en todas las especies analizadas
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/isolamento & purificação , Betaína/análise , Técnicas In Vitro , Lectinas/isolamento & purificação , Alga Marinha/análise , Compostos de Sulfônio/análise , Lectinas/análise , Compostos de Sulfônio/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Proteção da Criança , Criança , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Mortalidade , Carência Psicossocial , PesquisaRESUMO
Limited pharmacokinetic data are available concerning the disposition of indomethacin in preterm infants. Since oral absorption of the drug may be poor or incomplete, the current report provides pharmacokinetic data on 37 premature infants who received indomethacin intravenously. Each of these infants had a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. Findings included variable serum indomethacin concentrations from four to 12 hours after a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Female preterm infants generally had lower serum drug values at 12 hours and beyond when compared to males. An extrauterine age dependence was found of serum indomethacin levels. Total body clearance, serum half lives and volumes of distribution also bore a direct relationship to extrauterine age. Thus, when indomethacin is administered shortly after birth, one may anticipate a longer duration of action after a single dose and a relatively greater risk of accumulation of the drug when more than one dose is required for treating a duct al patency.
Assuntos
Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/tratamento farmacológico , Indometacina/sangue , Doenças do Prematuro/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Indometacina/administração & dosagem , Recém-Nascido , Injeções Intravenosas , Cinética , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
In Jamaican children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease diagnosed at birth two-year survival was 87%, compared with 95% in children with sickle cell-haemoglobin C (CS) disease, and 99% in normal controls. Death among those with SS disease occurred most often between the ages of 6 and 12 months. Principal causes were acute splenic sequestration and pneumococcal infection. Neonatal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies must be followed by close observation if mortality is to be reduced by early diagnosis and treatment of these complications.