RESUMO
Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se conhecer a variabilidade genética de 12 loci de microssatélites em galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 118 galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta, provenientes de três municípios do estado do Piauí (Oeiras, Queimada Nova e Teresina). Após extração do DNA, foram utilizados marcadores para 12 loci de microssatélites: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183 e MCW0213, que foram amplificados pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Foram obtidos 408 alelos (somando os alelos dos 12 loci), com os fragmentos variando entre 50 e 460 pares de bases. O número de alelos variou de 15 (MCW0081) a 52 (LEI0212), com média de 31,5 alelos por locus. A média de heterozigosidade esperada e o conteúdo de informações polimórficas foram, respectivamente, 0,887 e 0,909. Foram observados desvios no equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e valores positivos do índice de fixação com excesso de homozigotos. Os microssatélites utilizados mostraram-se polimórficos e podem ser usados para investigações genéticas em galinhas Canela-Preta. As galinhas dos plantéis avaliados apresentam grande variabilidade gênica, o que as qualifica como importante fonte de recursos genéticos e, consequentemente, faculta a utilização delas em programas de melhoramento genético animal.(AU)
The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of twelve microsatellite loci in native Canela-Preta chickens. Blood samples were collected from 118 chickens of the breed from five properties in three cities (Oeiras, Queimada Nova and Teresina) of Piauí state. After the DNA extraction, markers were used for twelve microsatellite loci: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183, and MCW0213 that were amplified by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The results showed a total of 408 alleles (adding alleles from the 12 loci) with the fragments ranging between 50 and 460 base pairs, the number of alleles ranged from 15 (MCW0081) to 52 (LEI0212) with an average of 31,5 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and PIC were, respectively, 0.887 and 0.909. Deviations were observed in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and positive values of the fixation index with excess of homozygotes. It is concluded that the used microsatellites are polymorphic and can, therefore, be used for genetic research in Canela-Preta chickens. The birds of the analyzed cores present great genetic variability, which qualifies them as an important source of genetic resources, which could be used for future animal breeding programs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se conhecer a variabilidade genética de 12 loci de microssatélites em galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 118 galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta, provenientes de três municípios do estado do Piauí (Oeiras, Queimada Nova e Teresina). Após extração do DNA, foram utilizados marcadores para 12 loci de microssatélites: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183 e MCW0213, que foram amplificados pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Foram obtidos 408 alelos (somando os alelos dos 12 loci), com os fragmentos variando entre 50 e 460 pares de bases. O número de alelos variou de 15 (MCW0081) a 52 (LEI0212), com média de 31,5 alelos por locus. A média de heterozigosidade esperada e o conteúdo de informações polimórficas foram, respectivamente, 0,887 e 0,909. Foram observados desvios no equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e valores positivos do índice de fixação com excesso de homozigotos. Os microssatélites utilizados mostraram-se polimórficos e podem ser usados para investigações genéticas em galinhas Canela-Preta. As galinhas dos plantéis avaliados apresentam grande variabilidade gênica, o que as qualifica como importante fonte de recursos genéticos e, consequentemente, faculta a utilização delas em programas de melhoramento genético animal.(AU)
The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of twelve microsatellite loci in native Canela-Preta chickens. Blood samples were collected from 118 chickens of the breed from five properties in three cities (Oeiras, Queimada Nova and Teresina) of Piauí state. After the DNA extraction, markers were used for twelve microsatellite loci: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183, and MCW0213 that were amplified by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The results showed a total of 408 alleles (adding alleles from the 12 loci) with the fragments ranging between 50 and 460 base pairs, the number of alleles ranged from 15 (MCW0081) to 52 (LEI0212) with an average of 31,5 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and PIC were, respectively, 0.887 and 0.909. Deviations were observed in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and positive values of the fixation index with excess of homozygotes. It is concluded that the used microsatellites are polymorphic and can, therefore, be used for genetic research in Canela-Preta chickens. The birds of the analyzed cores present great genetic variability, which qualifies them as an important source of genetic resources, which could be used for future animal breeding programs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
The present paper expresses the need to standardize the basic care that should be given to the patients with musculoskeletal inactivity. Starting from the definition of the high risk disuse syndrome category, the body systems' functionality will be determined. It is important to consider the patients' participation in the activities carried out, as well as their feelings regarding their status and the effects it may produce. The nurse should demonstrate her knowledge and abilities to take care of the patients, keeping the integrity of the skin and of the mucous membranes. An exhaustive bibliographic review was made for this paper. The basic care the patients with musculoskeletal inactivity (disuse syndrome) should receive are explained here.
Assuntos
Repouso em Cama/efeitos adversos , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hypnosis is a well known and efficient psychotherapeutic treatment. It has been stated as useful in memory improvement, however, there are only a few reports of this method in teaching, and its neurophysiological aspects. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, the authors were intended to deal with some students' academically difficulties in Histology subject, by improving their mental capacity by means of hypnosis, and then, to compare their previous bad achievements, just in the same subject, with those obtained in a test applied after hypnosis intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to fulfil the proposals, seven high academically risk students were hypnotized to make them study under two very deep trance sessions, in which, some suggestions were given, such as: highest concentration, intellectual capacities reinforcement, positive affection, and also: Synthesis, reviewing, and generalization capacity enhancement. The process went into selective deafness, and selective vision as special phenomena. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Students achievements in the final test were compared to those previously obtained in the subject using the Signs Statistical Test. A significant improvement was demonstrated after hypnosis intervention.