Assuntos
Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV-1 , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Transição para Assistência do Adulto , Adolescente , Antirretrovirais/efeitos adversos , Argentina , Criança , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: las infecciones asociadas a los cuidados de la salud (ACS) han sido identificadas como un factor de riesgo de pa-tógenos resistentes, sin embargo existen escasos datos de ésta cate-goría epidemiológica en infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU). Métodos: estudio prospectivo y observacional de pacientes ≥ 18 años procedentes de la comunidad con ITU atendidos en un Hospital Ge-neral de Agudos (Diciembre 2011-Noviembre 2012). Fueron conside-rados como ITU-ACS aquellos pacientes con hospitalización en los 90 días previos, residencia en geriátricos/centros de rehabilitación, hemodiálisis crónica, infusión de drogas endovenosas/curación de heridas en su domicilio, o uso crónico de catéter urinario. Aquellos pacientes que no presentaban ninguno de estos criterios fueron con-siderados como ITU de la comunidad (CO).Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 87 pacientes, de los cuales 42 (48 %) y 45 (52 %) se consideraron como ITU-CO e ITU-ACS, respectivamente. Los patógenos más frecuentes fueron: E. coli (74 % vs 47 %), K pneumo-niae (12 % vs 20 %), y E. faecalis (5 % vs 7 %) para ITU-CO e ITU-ACS res-pectivamente. Se observó una frecuencia de patógenos multirresisten-tes de 10 % y 49 % (p < 0,01) para la ITU-CO vs. ITU-ACS respectivamente.Conclusiones: nuestro estudio sugiere que las ITU-ACS representarían una categoría de ITU epi-demiológica y microbiológicamente distinta que ITU-CO. Se deberían identificar correctamente a estos pacientes con el fin de proporcionar un tra-tamiento empírico adecuado
ntroduction: Health careassociated infections (HCA) are a risk factor for multidrug resistant pathogens. However, limited data of this epidemiological category for urinary tract infections (UTI) is available. Methods: This was a prospective and observational study of adult patients coming from community who were attended as outpatients or hospitalized for urinary tract infections at a general Hospital (December 2011-November 2012). Patients who had residency at nursing homes, chronic haemodialysis, intravenous drug infusions or wound care at home, prior hospitalization >= 2 days in the preceding 90 days and chronic indwelling urinary catheters were considered to have HCA-UTI. Results: A total of 87 patients were included, of whom 42 (48%) and 45 (52%) were considered to have community acquired UTI (CA-UTI) and HCA-UTI respectively. The most frequent pathogens were: E. coli (74% vs. 47%), K pneumoniae (12% vs. 20%), and E. faecalis (5% vs. 7%) for CA-UTI and HCA-UTI respectively. Prevalence of MDR: 10% and 49% (p<0.01) for CA-UTI and HCA-UTI respectively. Conclusions: Our study suggests that HCA-UTI should represent a category of UTI epidemiologically and microbiologically distinct from CA-UTI. Physicians should correctly identify these patients in order to provide optimal clinical management
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções Urinárias/terapia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Prevalência , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Las infecciones asociadas a los cuidados de la salud (ACS) han sido identificadas como un factor de riesgo de patógenosd resistenes, sin embargo existen escasos datos de ésta categoría epidemiológica en infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU). Métodos: estudio prospectivo y observacional de pacientes ‗> 18 años procedentes de la comunidad con ITU atendidos en un Hospital General de Agudos (Diciembre 2011-Noviembre 2012). Fueron considerados como ITU-aCS aquellos pacientes con hospitalización en los 90 días previos, residencia en geriátricos/centros de rehabilitación, hemodiálisis crónica, infusión de drogas endovenosas/curación de heridas en su domiciliio, o uso crónico de catéter urinario. Aquellos pacientes que no presentaban ninguno de estos criterios fueron considerados como ITU de la comunidad (CO). Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 87 pacientes, de los cuales 42 (48%) y 45 (52%) se consideraron como ITU-CO e ITU-ACS, respectivamente. Los patógenos más frecuentes fueron: E. coli (74% vs 47 %), K pneumoniae (12 % vs 20 %), y E. faecalis (5 % vs 7 %) para ITU-CO e ITU-ACS respectivamente. Se observó una frecuencia de patógenos multirresistentes de 10 % y 49 % (p<001) para la ITU-CO vs ITU-ACS respectivamente. Conclusiones: nuestro estudio sugiere que las ITU-ACS representarían una categoría de ITU epidemiológica y microbiológicamente distinta que ITU-CO. Se deberían identificar correctamente a estos pacientes con el fin de proporcionar un tratamiento empírico adecuado...
Health care-associated infections (HCA) are a risk factor for multidrug resistant pathogens. However, limited data of this epidemiological category for urinary tract infections (UTI) is available. Methods: This was a prospective and observational study of adult patients coming from community who were attended as outpatients or hospitalizaed for urinary tract infections at a general Hospital (December 2011-November 2012). Patients who had drug infusions or wound care at home, prior hospitalization >=2 days in the preceding 90 days and chronic indwelling urinary catheters were considered to have HCA-UTI. Results: A total of 87 patients ere included, of whom 42 (48%) and 45 (52%) were considered to have ommunity acquired UTI (CA-UTI) and HCA-UTI rspectivelvy. The most frequent pathogens were: E. coli (74% vs. 47%), K pneumoniae (12% vs. 20%), and E. faecalis (5% vs. 7%) for CA-UTI and HCA-UTI respectively. Prevalence of MDR: 10% and 49% (p<0.01) for CA-UTI and HCA-UTI respectively. Conclusions: Our study suggests that HCA-UTI should represent a category of UTI epidemiologically and microbiologically distinct from CA-UTI. Physicians should correctly identify these patients in orden to provide optimal clinal management...
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Infecções Bacterianas/terapia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema Urinário/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn-KPC) is an emerging pathogen, with a high capacity of nosocomial spread. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a nosocomial outbreak of Kpn-KPC in Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS: Prospective and descriptive study. We recorded clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Kpn-KPC infection (august 2009 to july 2010). Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disk-diffusion antibiogram and an automated method (bioMerieux Vitek(®) 2C). Screening for K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was performed with the 3-aminophenyl-boronic acid (APB) test inhibition and its presence was confirmed by PCR. Molecular typing of isolates was performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Twenty seven patients were infected by KPC producing K. pneumoniae (surgical care unit: n=8; medical care unit: n=6; intensive care unit [ICU]): n=5; emergency care unit: n=4; and other: n=4). All Kpn-KPC isolates belonged to a single clonal type (ST258). Site of infection: urinary tract (63%), respiratory tract (15%), intra-abdominal (15%), bloodstream (7%) and bone (4%). All Kpn-KPC isolates were only susceptible to tigecycline and colistin. Inappropriate empirical treatment: 63%. Specific treatment for Kpn-KPC infection: colistin (74%), tigecycline (4%) and tigecycline+colistin (22%).Global mortality: 59% (attributable mortality: 26%). Positive surveillance cultures (swabs): 7/70 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: We described the emergence of a nosocomial outbreak of Kpn-KPC in Buenos Aires, with a high capacity for dissemination and a high mortality rate. The implementation of infection control measures is essential to reduce the nosocomial spread of Kpn-KPC.