RESUMO
Understanding large carnivore demography on human-dominated lands is a priority to inform conservation strategies, yet few studies examine long-term trends. Jaguars (Panthera onca) are one such species whose population trends and survival rates remain unknown across working lands. We integrated nine years of camera trap data and tourist photos to estimate jaguar density, survival, abundance, and probability of tourist sightings on a working ranch and tourism destination in Colombia. We found that abundance increased from five individuals in 2014 to 28 in 2022, and density increased from 1.88 ± 0.87 per 100 km2 in 2014 to 3.80 ± 1.08 jaguars per 100 km2 in 2022. The probability of a tourist viewing a jaguar increased from 0% in 2014 to 40% in 2020 before the Covid-19 pandemic. Our results are the first robust estimates of jaguar survival and abundance on working lands. Our findings highlight the importance of productive lands for jaguar conservation and suggest that a tourism destination and working ranch can host an abundant population of jaguars when accompanied by conservation agreements and conflict interventions. Our analytical model that combines conventional data collection with tourist sightings can be applied to other species that are observed during tourism activities.Entender los patrones demográficos de los grandes carnívoros al interior de paisajes antrópicos es fundamental para el diseño de estrategias de conservación efectivas. En el Neotrópico, el jaguar (Panthera onca) es una de estas especies cuyas tendencias poblacionales y tasas de supervivencia en paisajes productivos son desconocidas. Para entender mejor estas dinámicas, integramos nueve años de fototrampeo junto a fotos de turistas para estimar la densidad, supervivencia, abundancia y probabilidad de avistamiento de esta especie en una finca ganadera y destino turístico en Colombia. Entre 2014 y 2022 encontramos que la abundancia incrementó de cinco a 28 individuos y la densidad de 1.88 ± 0.87 jaguares/ 100 km2 a 3.80 ± 1.08 jaguares/ 100 km2. La probabilidad de avistamiento por turistas aumentó de 0% en 2014 a 40% en 2020 antes de la pandemia del Covid-19. Nuestros resultados presentan las primeras estimaciones robustas de abundancia y supervivencia de este felino en paisajes antrópicos dónde el manejo de sistemas productivos combinados con turismo e intervenciones para la mitigación del conflicto puede albergar poblaciones abundantes de jaguares, demostrando su importancia para la conservación de esta especie. Nuestro modelo, al combinar datos convencionales con avistamientos, podría ser aplicado a otras especies observadas durante actividades turísticas.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Colômbia , Turismo , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Probabilidade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Melanoma represents an increasing public health burden with extensive unmet needs in Latin America (LA). A mutation in the BRAF gene is present in approximately 50% of all melanomas in White populations and is a target of precision medicine, with the potential to dramatically improve patient outcomes. Thus, increased access to BRAF testing and therapy is LA must be explored. At a multi-day conference, a panel of Latin American experts in oncology and dermatology were provided with questions to address the barriers limiting access to testing for BRAF mutation in patients with melanoma in LA, who may be eligible for targeted therapy to improve their prognosis. During the conference, responses were discussed and edited until a consensus on addressing the barriers was achieved. Identified challenges included ignorance of BRAF-status implications, limited human and infrastructural resources, affordability and reimbursement, fragmented care delivery, pitfalls in the sample journey, and lack of local data. Despite the clear benefits of targeted therapies for BRAF-mutated melanoma in other regions, there is no clear path to prepare LA for a sustainable personalized medicine approach to this disease. Due to melanoma's time-sensitive nature, LA must aim to provide early access to BRAF testing and consider mutational status within treatment decision making. To this end, recommendations are provided and include establishing multidisciplinary teams and melanoma referral centers and improving access to diagnosis and treatment.
RESUMO
Zebrafish germ plasm is composed of mRNAs such as vasa and nanos and of proteins such as Bucky ball, all of which localize symmetrically in four aggregates at the distal region of the first two cleavage furrows. The coordination of actin microfilaments, microtubules and kinesin is essential for the correct localization of the germ plasm. Rho-GTPases, through their effectors, coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics. We address the participation of RhoA and its effector ROCK in germ plasm localization during the transition from two- to eight-cell embryos. We found that active RhoA is enriched along the cleavage furrow during the first two division cycles, whereas ROCK localizes at the distal region of the cleavage furrows in a similar pattern as the germ plasm mRNAs. Specific inhibition of RhoA and ROCK affected microtubules organization at the cleavage furrow; these caused the incorrect localization of the germ plasm mRNAs. The incorrect localization of the germ plasm led to a dramatic change in the number of germ cells during the blastula and 24hpf embryo stages without affecting any other developmental processes. We demonstrate that the Rho/ROCK pathway is intimately related to the determination of germ cells in zebrafish embryos.
Assuntos
Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Peixe-Zebra/embriologia , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismo , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Animais , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Imunofluorescência , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Miosinas/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genética , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/antagonistas & inibidoresAssuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Humanos , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/epidemiologia , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/terapia , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , Hiperlipidemias/terapia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/terapia , Embolia Intracraniana/etiologia , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/terapia , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Nutrição Enteral , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Hidratação , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Nimodipina/uso terapêutico , Recidiva , Respiração Artificial , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologiaRESUMO
La hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) representa entre 4.5 a 13% de todos los casos de EVC. La incidencia ajustada a la edad varía desde el 7.9 por 100,000 habitantes en Inglaterra, hasta 25 por 100,000 en Japón. La HSA es una entidad con alto porcentaje de fallas diagnósticas. Los miembros de este consenso insisten en la importancia del diagnóstico temprano de la HSA en vista de que esto aumenta las posibilidades de buena evolución. En términos generales la HSA tiene mortalidad de 40%, deja secuelas graves en 50% y sólo 10% tiene recuperación completa. La manifestación cardinal para el diagnóstico de HSA es la cefalea de aparición súbita, y con frecuencia acompañada de náusea y vómito. Hay que insistir en la presencia de la llamada cefalea centinela, la cual es también súbita e intensa, pero transitoria y ocurre hasta 48 horas...