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Academic achievement, measured with the grade point average (GPA), is a stable characteristic that has been associated with many sociodemographic and psychological variables; however, the relation of these variables with GPA has not been totally elucidated. The objective of this study was to perform an association of health, psychological and personal variables with GPA and non-verbal intelligence in low-academic performance population according to sex. We invited health sciences university students who had failed the same subject twice to complete a set of sociodemographic and psychological variables and a non-verbal intelligence test. The GPA, admission exam test and preparatory GPA were obtained. We included 124 students, and found that GPA was associated with non-verbal intelligence in women but not in men; in whom, having a job and having a romantic partner, were more correlated. In women, positive relations with others, emotion perception and weekly physical activity hours were marginally correlated with GPA; while in men, emotion regulation and self-motivation had a tendency of correlation with GPA. In addition, we found that non-verbal intelligence was associated somatization and the number of diseases in women. Academic achievement is regulated by different variables in each sex; therefore, intervention programs addressed by sex are needed to increase it.
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Sucesso Acadêmico , Avaliação Educacional , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Inteligência , Masculino , Estudantes/psicologia , UniversidadesRESUMO
PROPOSE: To report two cases of severe acute multi-systemic failure with bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients from urban settings in Colombia. OBSERVATIONS: We report two immunocompetent male patients aged 44- and 67-years-old who, despite not having visited the Amazonian region in Colombia, had severe bilateral posterior uveitis and extensive-bilateral macular lesions and multiple organ failure that required admission to an intensive care unit. Toxoplasma gondii was positive by PCR assay in vitreous humor samples. Patients were treated with intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone in addition to systemic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In both patients, infection by atypical strains was confirmed; in one case by serotyping and in another one by genotyping (ROP 18 virulent allele). After 2 and 4 months of treatment respectively, the patients showed improvement of the posterior uveitis and its systemic manifestations. However, there was no significant visual acuity improvement due to bilateral extensive macular involvement. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: Clinicians should be aware that toxoplasmosis originating from South America could be associated with severe acute multisystemic and intraocular bilateral involvement, even in patients with no history of exposure to jungle environments.
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PURPOSE: To establish the prevalence and risk factors for intravitreal dexamethasone implant migration into the anterior chamber in eyes with macular edema. METHODS: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational chart review of data that included patients with macular edema who had been treated with at least one intravitreal dexamethasone injection. Patients with incomplete chart information during the follow-up period were excluded. RESULTS: The prevalence of implant migration in 468 patients, considering the number of injections, was 1.6%, with significant associations between implant migration and cataract surgery (P = 0.043) and intraocular lens status (P = 0.005) and a trend toward statistical significance (P = 0.057) with vitrectomy. A higher rate of implant migration into the anterior chamber was observed in vitrectomized eyes (4.8%) when compared with patients who did not undergo a vitrectomy (1.6%). The implants that migrated were removed with forceps with/without viscoelastic expression or with 20-gauge cannulas connected to the vitreous cutter machine. CONCLUSION: The risk of implant migration into the anterior chamber was 1.6%. Risk factors were a history of cataract surgery or vitrectomy and aphakia. When anterior migration occurs, rapid removal is advised, especially if corneal edema is present.
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Câmara Anterior , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Implantes de Medicamento/efeitos adversos , Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico , Acuidade Visual , Idoso , Feminino , Migração de Corpo Estranho/epidemiologia , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Incidência , Injeções Intravítreas , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in patients over 55 years. Currently, the most common therapies for neovascular AMD (nAMD) are intravitreal antiangiogenics. Studies suggest that genetic factors influence on antiangiogenics therapy outcomes. The purpose of this work was to establish the association between complement factor H (CFH) (Y402H), age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) (A69S), and high-temperature requirement factor A1 (HTRA1) (rs11200638) polymorphisms and the response to treatment with ranibizumab in patients with nAMD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 61 eyes with nAMD treated with ranibizumab was performed. Association between polymorphisms from CFH, ARMS2, and HTRA1 with the response to treatment was established. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 76.6 (51-91) years. Only 37.7% of patients had a functional response and 26.2% had an anatomic response. TT polymorphism Y402H from CFH gene was associated with an increased likelihood of functional response to treatment. Otherwise, there was not a statistically significant association between anatomic and functional response to gene polymorphisms rs11200638 from HTRA1 and rs10490924 from ARMS 2. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the response to intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy with ranibizumab was not associated to main polymorphisms from genes HTRA1 and ARMS2. However, it was found that the response to treatment differed according to CFH genotype, suggesting that further investigations are needed to establish if patients with the CC and TC genotype may need to be monitored more closely for disease recurrence than the TT genotype.
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PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of uveitis in children treated at two ophthalmologic centers in Bogotá, Colombia, in a 13 year-period. METHODS: Retrospective observational clinical record review of pediatric children with diagnosis of uveitis. RESULTS: In total, 310 children were evaluated, 51.9% were female, mean age of 10.1 years. Posterior uveitis was the most common location (58.7%), of insidious onset (87.4%) and chronic course (78.1%). The most common etiology was infection (58.4%) caused by toxoplasmosis (76.8%). There was a statistically significant difference in visual acuity between anterior (20/68) and intermediate uveitis (20/70), compared with posterior uveitis (20/434) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report the clinical features of pediatric uveitis in Colombia, where infectious etiologies are the leading cause. It will improve awareness and knowledge of pediatric uveitis in developing countries, and contribute to the development of public health policies of pediatric visual health. Received 12 September 2015; revised 23 February 2016; accepted 25 February 2016; published online 18 May 2016.
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Países em Desenvolvimento , Uveíte/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Uveíte/classificação , Uveíte/diagnóstico , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: el alga roja Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Galaxauraceae) es una de las especies más abundantes en la plataforma rocosa del arrecife coralino del archipiélago cubano, sin embargo, poco se conoce de sus propiedades farmacológicas. OBJETIVOS: evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria y analgésica del extracto en diclorometano del alga roja G. rugosa, así como la composición fitoquímica de esta especie. MÉTODOS: las algas se colectaron en el litoral norte de La Habana. La caracterización fitoquímica del alga se realizó según el Método de Chabra. Para la preparación del extracto se sometió la muestra a extracción Soxhlet con diclorometano a 40 ºC. La actividad antiinflamatoria tópica se estudió en el modelo de edema de la oreja inducido por aceite de Croton en ratones machos OF-1, a las dosis de 10*10-3; 0,125; 0,25; 0,5; 1 y 2 mg/oreja. Se evaluó también la actividad analgésica del extracto en el modelo de contorsiones inducidas por ácido acético al 0,8 %, por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.), a las dosis de 3; 6; 12,5; 25 y 100 mg/kg. RESULTADOS: G. rugosa presentó en su composición fitoquímica compuestos grasos, lactónicos, triterpénicos y/o esteroidales y carbohidratos. El extracto en diclorometano de G. rugosa a partir de la dosis de 0,125 mg/oreja presenta una potente actividad antiinflamatoria (superior al 40 %). El extracto logró reducir las contorsiones en más de un 75 % a partir de la dosis de 6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados presentados demuestran que el extracto en diclorometano del alga roja G. rugosaestá constituido por una mezcla de compuestos capaces de inhibir con una elevada eficacia farmacológica la respuesta inflamatoria aguda y el dolor inducido por agentes químicos.
INTRODUCTION: the red alga Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Galaxauraceae) is one of the most abundant species on the rocky platform of the Cuban coral reef. However, little is known about its pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVES: evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of a dichloromethane extract from the red alga G. rugosa and determine the phytochemical composition of the species. METHODS: the algae were collected from the northern coast of Havana. Phytochemical characterization of the alga was performed using Chabra's method. The extract was obtained with a Soxhlet device with dichloromethane at 40 ºC. Topical anti-inflammatory activity was studied with the croton oil ear edema test model in male OF-1 mice at doses of 10*10-3, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ear. The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated on a model of writhing induced by 0.8 % acetic acid administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 3, 6, 12.5, 25 and 100 mg/kg. RESULTS: phytochemical analysis of G. rugosa revealed the presence of fatty, lactonic, triterpenic and/or steroidal compounds, as well as carbohydrates. The dichloromethane extract of G. rugosa at the dose of 0.125 mg/ear displayed a potent anti-inflammatory activity (above 40 %). The extract reduced writhing by more than 75 % with a dose of 6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: results show that dichloromethane extract of the red alga G. rugosa is composed of a mixture of compounds capable of inhibiting the acute inflammatory response and the pain induced by chemical agents with a high pharmacological efficacy. composed of a mixture of compounds capable of inhibiting the acute inflammatory response and the pain induced by chemical agents with a high pharmacological efficacy.
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Ratos , Alga Marinha , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , CubaRESUMO
Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de contaminación bacteriana de agujas utilizadas en inyecciones intravítreas en pacientes tratados con Ranibizumab, analizar la flora normal conjuntival, identificar el germen más común en cultivos de agujas utilizadas y establecer la eficacia de profilaxis antibiótica preoperatoria en la reducción de la flora normal conjuntival presente en el procedimiento. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Se incluyen pacientes de la Fundación Oftalmológica Nacional sometidos a inyección intravítrea de Ranibizumab desde Abril 6 a Septiembre 28 del 2010. Edades entre 44 - 91 años. Se tomó frotis conjuntival del fondo de saco inferior para cultivo de flora normal al momento de la inyección y de la aguja utilizada y no utilizada. Se siembran muestran en tres medios de cultivo a 37ºC/ 5 días. Resultados: se realizaron 150 cultivos, 50 ojos de 50 pacientes. 44 pacientes (88%) fueron consistentes y se incluyeron en el análisis. 6 (12%) fueron no consistentes. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Difteroides y Staphylococcus haemolyticus. El Staphylococcus aureus fue la bacteria causal más frecuente contaminante de la aguja utilizada (10%), Difteroides (4%) y Bacillus subtilis (4%). Difteroides, Bacillus subtilis y Staphylococcus aureus fueron los contaminantes de las agujas no utilizadas. El Staphylococcus haemolyticus, aureus, epidermidis y Difteroides fueron cultivados en la flora normal conjuntival de pacientes con cultivo de aguja negativo. El 61.4% de los cultivos no presentaron crecimiento bacteriano. Conclusión: el Staphylococcus aureus fue la bacteria causal más frecuente de contaminación de las agujas utilizadas siendo el Bacillus subtilis el principal contaminante de agujas no utilizadas. El uso de profilaxis antibiótica previa al procedimiento reduce significativamente el inóculo bacteriano. Se requieren futuros estudios con ampliación de la muestra para controlar posibles fallas técnicas.
Purpose: to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial contamination in needles used for intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab, analyze conjunctival flora, identify the most common microorganism present in used needles and evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing conjunctival flora at the time of the procedure. Methods: a case series study. Patients of the Fundación Oftalmológica Nacional, who underwent intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab between April 6 and September 28, 2010. Ages 44 to 91 years. The used needle, an unused control needle and a conjunctival scraping from the inferior fornix were inoculated in tryptone soy broth at 37°C for 5 days. Results: 150 cultures were obtained from 50 patients.44 patients had consistent results (negative control needle) and were included in the analysis. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Difteroides, y Staphylococcus haemolyticus were identified. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent contaminant of the used needles (10%), followed by Difteroides (4%) and Bacillus subtilis (4%). Difteroides, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were found in unused needles. Staphylococcus haemolyticus, aureus, epidermidis and Difteroides were found in the conjunctival samples. 61.4% had negative cultures. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent contaminant of used needles and Bacillus subtilis of control needles. The use of antibiotic profilaxis previous to the procedure, significantly reduces the bacterial inoculums. Futures studies are required to increase sample size and control technical errors.
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Injeções Intravítreas/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Endoftalmite/terapia , Antibioticoprofilaxia/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Introducción. El síndrome de Kearns-Sayre, descrito por primera vez en 1958, es un raro trastorno del ADN mitocondrial, con incidencia desconocida y progresión lenta que afecta al sistema nervioso central, los músculos y los órganos endocrinos. Entre las características clínicas típicas se encuentran: distrofia atípica pigmentaria de la retina, oftalmoplejia externa progresiva y bloqueo cardíaco. Presentación de caso. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 10 años de edad, atendida en nuestro Departamento de Retina, con diagnóstico de síndrome de Kearns-Sayre mediante resonancia magnética (RM). Se describen los hallazgos de la tomografía de coherencia óptica macular y de las pruebas de electrofisiología, hallazgos tomográficos no descritos anteriormente en la literatura científica. Conclusión. La tomografía de coherencia óptica macular reveló atenuación de la línea de hiperreflexión que corresponde a la membrana limitante externa, con pérdida de la línea de hiperreflexión que corresponde a la zona elipsoide. La tomografía de coherencia óptica macular es una herramienta útil para evaluar la extensión del daño en la retina externa, el cual fue confirmado por pruebas de electrofisiología.
Introduction. The Kearns-Sayre syndrome, first described in 1958, is a rare disorder in the mitochondrial DNA with unknown incidence and slow progression that affects the central nervous system, muscles and endocrine organs. Typical clinical features are: atypical pigmentary dystrophy of the retina, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and heart block. Case report. We report the case of a 10 years old girl attended at our retinal department, diagnosed with Kearns-Sayre syndrome by MRI. We describe the electrophysiological test and macular optical coherence tomography findings which have not been previously described in the literature. Conclusion. The macular optical coherence tomography revealed attenuation of the hyperreflectivity line corresponding to the external limiting membrane, with loss of the hyperreflectivity line corresponding to the ellipsoid zone. The macular optical coherence tomography is a helpful tool to assess the extent of the damage to the outer retina which is confirmed by electrophysiological tests.
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Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Síndrome de Kearns-Sayre , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 20 pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico por presentar coxa vara congénita o del desarrollo. Se mostró el diferente comportamiento de ambas entidades en el grado de deformidad de la cadera, la respuesta al tratamiento, su evolución y pronóstico
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Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Fêmur , Quadril , Lesões do Quadril , PrognósticoRESUMO
Se muestran los resultados del estudio longitudinal prospectivo, efectuado de septiembre de 1996 a diciembre de 1997 en el Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional ôFrank Paísö en 104 pacientes con el diagnóstico presuntivo de Enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes a quienes se realizó ultrasonido diagnóstico de las caderas; posteriormente a los 28 pacientes con diagnóstico positivo se les realizó una gammagrafía ósea con colimador pinhole. Se utilizó la clasificación gammagráfica de Conway y la ultrasonográfica según estadíos radiológicos de Waldenstrõm. Al correlacionar los estudios ecográficos con los gammagráficos se encontró una gran coincidencia en los primeros estadios, lo que confirmó el diagnóstico presuntivo y precoz de la enfermedad. En la correlación de los estadios ecográficos de Waldenstrõm con el tiempo de evolución se observó que, al aumentar el tiempo de evolución se hace mayor el estadio ecográfico de las caderas
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Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Fêmur , Doença de Legg-Calve-Perthes , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Se presenta una paciente con angiomatosis quística ósea, tumor benigno de origen vascular de presentación infrecuente, localizado de forma atípica en radio y cúbito. Se expone el cuadro clínico y la terapéutica aplicada
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Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Amputação Cirúrgica , Angiomatose , Braço , Membros Artificiais , Cistos ÓsseosRESUMO
Se muestra un estudio prospectivo de 38 pacientes con lesiones tumorales del esqueleto (19 tumores malignos y 19 tumores benignos y lesiones pseudotumorales) a los que se les realizó gammagrafías empleando 99mTc - MDP y 99mTc - MIBI, entre mayo de 1996 y abril de 1997 (ambos inclusive), en el Departamento de Medicina Nuclear del Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional "Frank País". Se determinó la visibilidad de las lesiones, la presencia de necrosis intratumoral y de metástasis y se calculó la relación área lesionada / área contralateral sana (L/S). Al emplear el 99mTc - MIBI se visualizaron todas las lesiones malignas y sólo 2 de las benignas y pseudotumorales; se detectaron 7 necrosis intratumorales y 9 pacientes con metástasis. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 100 por ceinto, una especificidad del 89,5 por ciento y una exactitud diagnóstica del 94,7 por ciento. Se concluye que el 99mTc-MIBI es un radiofármaco útil en el estudio de los tumores óseos