RESUMO
Family functionality has shown its relevance in the comprehensive development of adolescents, with school connectivity being a very important aspect. To determine the association between family functioning and school connectivity in Mexican high school adolescents, an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in a census of 396 adolescents in a public high school in Mexico. The self-report of family functioning and the school connectedness scale were used, both with α > 0.84. ꭕ2 and ANOVA were applied. The results show significant differences in conflict with shift (morning ꭕ2 = 42.47 vs. evening ꭕ2 = 40.35, F = 4.57, p = 0.033), and leadership with degree (1st ꭕ2 = 8.14, 2nd ꭕ2 = 8.97, 3rd ꭕ2 = 8.90, F = 3.52, p = 0.030). Connectivity associated with school variables (p < 0.05). There are no differences or association between sex, age or qualifications with connectivity. Family functioning was associated in affective expression with school (ꭕ2 = 3.77, p = 0.055) and in leadership with students (ꭕ2 = 2.92, p = 0.05). It is concluded that the leadership of the parents and the affective expression of the family favors school connectivity between students and with their school.
A funcionalidade familiar tem mostrado sua relevância no desenvolvimento integral dos adolescentes, sendo a conectividade escolar um aspecto muito importante. Para determinar a associação entre funcionamento familiar e conectividade escolar em adolescentes mexicanos do Ensino Médio, foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico em um censo de 396 adolescentes em uma escola pública no México. Foram utilizados o autorrelato de funcionamento familiar e a escala de conectividade escolar, ambos com α > 0,84. ꭕ2 e ANOVA foram aplicados. Os resultados mostram diferenças significativas no conflito com turno (ꭕ2 da manhã = 42,47 vs. ꭕ2 da noite = 40,35, F = 4,57, p = 0,033) e liderança com grau (1º ꭕ2 = 8,14, 2º ꭕ2 = 8,97, 3º ꭕ2 = 8,90, F = 3,52, p = 0,030). Conectividade associada a variáveis escolares (p < 0,05). Não há diferenças ou associação entre sexo, idade ou qualificações com conectividade. O funcionamento familiar foi associado na expressão afetiva com a escola (ꭕ2 = 3,77, p = 0,055) e na liderança com os alunos (ꭕ2 = 2,92, p = 0,05). Conclui-se que a liderança dos pais e a expressão afetiva da família favorece a conectividade escolar entre os alunos e com sua escola.
Assuntos
Instituições Acadêmicas , Família , Adolescente , Crescimento e DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine chest CT findings associated with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 from the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) and propose cut-off values for a tomographic severity score (TSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 254 patients with COVID-19 who underwent chest CT as part of their initial evaluation at the emergency room; they were classified according to clinical severity. Main tomographic findings were described. A multivariate analysis with logistic regression was carried out to determine association with clinical severity, the Cox model was used to evaluate mortality, and ROC curves were elaborated to assess cutoff values for the TSS. RESULTS: CT findings associated with clinical severity were the following: diffuse pattern (OR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.46-7.14), crazy-paving pattern (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.08-5.68), and high TSS value (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.49-2.02). The crazy-paving pattern (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03-3.06) and a high TSS value (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20-1.48) were found to be associated with mortality. A value of 7 in the TSS showed a sensibility of 94.4% and a specificity of 100% for moderate disease, and a value of 13 showed a sensibility of 84.9% and a specificity of 70.6% for severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: The diffuse pattern is associated with higher clinical severity. The crazy-paving pattern and a high TSS value are associated with higher clinical severity and mortality. We propose TSS cutoff values of 7 and 13 for moderate and severe disease, respectively.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar los hallazgos tomográficos pulmonares asociados a severidad y mortalidad en pacientes con la COVID-19 del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), y proponer puntos de corte para una puntuación tomográfica de severidad (PTS). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en 254 pacientes con la COVID-19 que contaban con tomografía de tórax clasificada según severidad clínica. Se realizó un análisis multivariado mediante regresión logística para determinar asociación con la severidad clínica, un análisis de regresión de Cox para evaluar mortalidad, y curvas ROC para evaluar la PTS. RESULTADOS: Los hallazgos tomográficos asociados a severidad clínica fueron el patrón difuso de las lesiones (OR: 3,23, IC 95%: 1,46-7,14), patrón en «empedrado¼ (OR: 2,48; IC 95%: 1,08-5,68) y mayor valor en la PTS (OR: 1,73; IC 95%: 1,49-2,02). Los hallazgos asociados a mortalidad fueron el patrón en «empedrado¼ (HR: 1,78; IC 95%: 1,03-3,06) y mayor valor en la PTS (HR: 1,33; IC 95%: 1,20-1,48). Un valor de 7 en la PTS tuvo una sensibilidad de 94,4% y especificidad de 100% para identificar casos moderados y un valor de 13 tuvo una sensibilidad de 84,9% y una especificidad de 70,6% para casos severos. CONCLUSIONES: El patrón difuso de las lesiones se asoció a una mayor severidad clínica. El patrón en «empedrado¼ y un mayor valor en la PTS se asociaron a mayor severidad clínica y a mortalidad. Se proponen los valores de 7 y 13 como puntos de corte de la PTS para identificar casos moderados y severos.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Pulmão , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los elementos que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar en estudiantes de secundaria. Se presenta un estudio cualitativo con enfoque sistémico ecológico. Por medio de un muestreo teórico, se incluyeron a 22 estudiantes, 50 % hombres con 12 a 16 años, quienes participaron en un grupo focal, previo consentimiento informado de los padres. Los datos recabados fueron audio grabados; se transcribieron y analizaron con el método de análisis de contenido por medio del programa Maxqda 18. Se identificaron 4 categorías que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar: 1) condiciones de la escuela (físicas y organizacionales); 2) elementos relacionados con los maestros; 3) elementos relacionados con los compañeros, y 4) elementos relacionados con los padres. Los hallazgos sugieren que las condiciones físicas y organizacionales mantienen un papel importante en la con figuración del sentido de seguridad escolar. Asimismo, la cercanía y apoyo recibido de actores del contexto (maestros, padres y alumnos) promueve una percepción más positiva de la seguridad.
Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the individual elements that configure the school safety perception in middle school students. We designed a qualitative study, with a systemic and ecological approach. Using a theoretical sampling, we included 22 students, 50% man with an age from 12 to 16 years old, who participated in a focus group, previous informed consent from the parents. The session was videotaped, the data was transcribed and analyzed using content analysis with the program MAXQDA 18. We identified four categories of factors that configure the student's school safety perception: 1) school conditions (physical and organizational); 2) elements related to teachers; 3) elements related to peers; and 4) elements related to parents. The findings suggest that the school´s physical and organizational conditions have an important role in the configuration of the school safety perception. Likewise, the closeness and support received by actors from the school context (teachers, parents and peers) favor a more positive perception of school safety.
Assuntos
Percepção/fisiologia , Segurança , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Bullying/prevenção & controle , Pais , Papel (figurativo) , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Grupos Focais , Administração Sistêmica , Professores Escolares , MétodosRESUMO
Introducción: Una de las secuelas más recurrentes de la rama neurológica es la parálisis facial, que no solo afecta al área motora, sino también a la psicológica, por ser el rostro la imagen representativa de la persona. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la digitopuntura como alternativa terapéutica en pacientes con parálisis facial, mediante la aplicación de la técnica fotográfica para la medición de ángulos según los indicadores de evaluación propuestos. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio experimental y longitudinal de tipo panel, con un pretest y un postest, en el Servicio de Fisioterapia del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Militar Central Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay, en el municipio de Marianao, La Habana, de mayo a julio del 2016, para lo cual se conformaron dos grupos: uno de control, en el cual se aplicó tratamiento convencional (masaje, ejercicios de la mímica y agentes físicos), y otro de experimento, que recibió digitopuntura adicionada al masaje. Resultados: En la evaluación de ambos grupos, se obtuvo que en el de control los mejores resultados figuraron en el eje central de la boca, seguido de la contracción muscular, mientras que en el grupo de experimento el total mostró notables cambios en todos los indicadores, con predominio de la contracción muscular. Al comparar los resultados de ambos grupos en el pretest y el postest, se evidenció la incidencia y efectividad de la digitopuntura en el grupo de experimento. Conclusiones: La digitopuntura, como parte de la rehabilitación en personas afectadas por parálisis facial, influyó en una mejor recuperación y disminuyó considerablemente el tiempo de tratamiento, lo que incidió mayormente en las féminas.
Introduction: One of the most recurrent sequels in the neurological branch is the facial paralysis which not only affects the motor area, but also the psychological one, as the face is the person's representative image. Objective: To evaluate the influence of digitopuncture as therapeutic alternative in patients with facial paralysis, by using the photographic technique for measuring angles according to the proposed evaluation indicators. Methods: A panel experimental and longitudinal study was made, with a pretest and a posttest, in the Physiotherapy Service of Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay Hospital Central Military Clinical-surgical, in Marianao municipality, Havana, from May to July, 2016, for which two groups were formed: a control group, in which conventional treatment was applied (massage, exercises of the pantomime and physical agents), and an experiment group which received digitopuncture besides massage. Results: In the evaluation of both groups, it was obtained that in the control group the best results were in the central axis of the mouth, followed by the muscle contraction, while the whole experimental group showed remarkable changes in all the indicators, with prevalence of the muscle contraction. When comparing the results of both groups in the pretest and posttest, the incidence and effectiveness of the digitopuncture was evidenced in the experimental group. Conclusions: Digitopuncture, as part of the rehabilitation in patients affected due to facial paralysis, influenced in a better recovery and decreased the time of treatment considerably, which had a higher incidence in the female group.
Assuntos
Paralisia Facial , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Serviço Hospitalar de FisioterapiaRESUMO
Background Advanced cardiac imaging permits optimal targeting of cardiac treatment but needs to be faster, cheaper, and easier for global delivery. We aimed to pilot rapid cardiac magnetic resonance ( CMR ) with contrast in a developing nation, embedding it within clinical care along with training and mentoring. Methods and Results A cross-sectional study of CMR delivery and clinical impact assessment performed 2016-2017 in an upper middle-income country. An International partnership (clinicians in Peru and collaborators from the United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, and Colombia) developed and tested a 15-minute CMR protocol in the United Kingdom, for cardiac volumes, function and scar, and delivered it with reporting combined with training, education and mentoring in 2 centers in the capital city, Lima, Peru, 100 patients referred by local doctors from 6 centers. Management changes related to the CMR were reviewed at 12 months. One-hundred scans were conducted in 98 patients with no complications. Final diagnoses were cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic, 26%; dilated, 22%; ischemic, 15%) and 12 other pathologies including tumors, congenital heart disease, iron overload, amyloidosis, genetic syndromes, vasculitis, thrombi, and valve disease. Scan cost was $150 USD, and the average scan duration was 18±7 minutes. Findings impacted management in 56% of patients, including previously unsuspected diagnoses in 19% and therapeutic management changes in 37%. Conclusions Advanced cardiac diagnostics, here CMR with contrast, is possible using existing infrastructure in the developing world in 18 minutes for $150, resulting in important changes in patient care.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amiloidose/diagnóstico por imagem , Amiloidose/terapia , Cardiomiopatias , Meios de Contraste , Estudos Transversais , Atenção à Saúde , Feminino , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Cardiopatias/terapia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/terapia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/terapia , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Sobrecarga de Ferro/diagnóstico por imagem , Sobrecarga de Ferro/terapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/economia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/economia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miocardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Miocardite/terapia , Peru , Projetos Piloto , Fatores de Tempo , Vasculite/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasculite/terapia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Stochastic resonance is a phenomenon in which noise enhances the response of a system to an input signal. The brain is an example of a system that has to detect and transmit signals in a noisy environment, suggesting that it is a good candidate to take advantage of stochastic resonance. In this work, we aim to identify the optimal levels of noise that promote signal transmission through a simple network model of the human brain. Specifically, using a dynamic model implemented on an anatomical brain network (connectome), we investigate the similarity between an input signal and a signal that has traveled across the network while the system is subject to different noise levels. We find that non-zero levels of noise enhance the similarity between the input signal and the signal that has traveled through the system. The optimal noise level is not unique; rather, there is a set of parameter values at which the information is transmitted with greater precision, this set corresponds to the parameter values that place the system in a critical regime. The multiplicity of critical points in our model allows it to adapt to different noise situations and remain at criticality.
Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Modelos Neurológicos , Adulto , Córtex Cerebral/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Probabilidade , Processos Estocásticos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the social representations of health self-care at work among urban bus drivers in Guadalajara, Mexico. The methodology was qualitative, with a multi-method design based on the theory of social representations. The first stage involved active observation sessions with the information recorded in field notes; in the second stage, the associative letter technique and successively hierarchized trees technique were applied to 20 drivers, submitting the data to a classical analysis of the free associations; a third stage involved semi-structured interviews with 4 drivers, submitted to content analysis. The results indicate that structurally, the representation is centered on alimentation, presenting the concepts rest and corrective health care at peripheral levels. Procedurally, the represeentation centers in the psychosocial factors derived from the working conditions, while the rest of the work characteristics are seen as low risk to health. The self-care actions mentioned by the participants only focus on the workinging conditions perceived as risky. The social representation of health self-care at work is a collective mental construction, developed and modified through social interactions, which influences self-care measures used against the risks perceived in the workplace.
Assuntos
Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Autocuidado/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Escolaridade , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Assunção de Riscos , População UrbanaRESUMO
Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las representaciones sociales del autocuidado de la salud en el trabajo en conductores de autobús urbano de Guadalajara, México. La metodología fue cualitativa, con un diseño multimétodo, basado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales. En una primera etapa se efectuaron sesiones de observación participante, la información se registró en notas de campo; en una segunda fase se aplicaron las técnicas de la carta asociativa y los tris jerarquizados sucesivos a 20 conductores, los datos se sometieron a análisis clásico de las asociaciones libres; en una tercera etapa se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 4 conductores, siendo sometidas a análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que, estructuralmente, la representación se centra en la alimentación, presentándose en niveles periféricos el descanso y el cuidado correctivo de la salud. Procesualmente, la representación gira en torno a los factores psicosociales que se desprenden de las condiciones de trabajo, el resto de las características del ejercicio laboral se consideran poco riesgosas para la salud. Las acciones de autocuidado mencionadas se enfocan en las condiciones de trabajo percibidas como riesgosas. La representación social del autocuidado de la salud en el trabajo es una construcción mental colectiva, desarrollada y modificada a través de la interacción social, la cual influye en las acciones de autocuidado empleadas frente a los riesgos existentes en el entorno laboral.
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the social representations of health self-care at work among urban bus drivers in Guadalajara, Mexico. The methodology was qualitative, with a multi-method design based on the theory of social representations. The first stage involved active observation sessions with the information recorded in field notes; in the second stage, the associative letter technique and successively hierarchized trees technique were applied to 20 drivers, submitting the data to a classical analysis of the free associations; a third stage involved semi-structured interviews with 4 drivers, submitted to content analysis. The results indicate that structurally, the representation is centered on alimentation, presenting the concepts rest and corrective health care at peripheral levels. Procedurally, the represeentation centers in the psychosocial factors derived from the working conditions, while the rest of the work characteristics are seen as low risk to health. The self-care actions mentioned by the participants only focus on the workinging conditions perceived as risky. The social representation of health self-care at work is a collective mental construction, developed and modified through social interactions, which influences self-care measures used against the risks perceived in the workplace.
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as representações sociais do autocuidado da saúde no trabalho dos motoristas de ônibus urbano de Guadalajara, México. A metodologia foi qualitativa, com uma abordagem multimétodo, baseada na teoria das representações sociais. Em uma primeira etapa foram efetuadas sessões de observação participante, a informação foi registrada em anotações de campo; na segunda fase foram aplicadas técnicas de cartas associativas e momentos hierárquicos sucessivos a 20 motoristas, cujos dados foram submetidos à análise clássico das associações livres; em uma terceira etapa foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a quatro motoristas, sendo submetidas a análises de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que, estruturalmente, a representação está focada na alimentação, apresentando-se em níveis periféricos o descanso, junto com o cuidado correto da saúde. Processualmente, a representação vira em torno dos fatores psicossociais, que se desprendem das condições de trabalho, o resto das características da atividade laboral foi considerado pouco arriscado para a saúde. As ações de autocuidado citadas foram focadas às condições de trabalho percebidas como arriscadas. A representação social do autocuidado da saúde no trabalho é uma construção mental coletiva, desenvolvida e modificada através da interação social, a qual influencia as ações de autocuidado empregadas frente aos riscos existentes no entorno laboral.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autocuidado/estatística & dados numéricos , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Assunção de Riscos , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , População Urbana , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Escolaridade , MéxicoRESUMO
Four novel miconazole analogues (8-11) were synthetized and evaluated for activity against four filamentous fungi (Mucor hiemalis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichosporon cutaneum, and Rhizopus oryzae) and eight species of Candida as yeast specimens. Compounds 9 and 10 showed very good activity when evaluated in yeast (MIC 0.112 and 0.163 µg/mL) compared to the reference compound, itraconazole (MIC 0.067 µg/mL). The best antifungal activity in filamentous strains was shown by compound 9. Hence compounds 9 and 10 represent new leads for further pharmacomodulation in this series.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/síntese química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Benzoatos/síntese química , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/síntese química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Metanol/análogos & derivados , Miconazol/química , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Metanol/síntese química , Metanol/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micoses/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this work was to establish an association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGFB1 (rs1800471), AT (rs3789679), MMP-1 (rs17886084), MMP-3 (rs35068180), and PAI-1 (rs1799889) and the histological grading of necroinflammation, staging of hepatic fibrosis, and liver function in Mexican patients with advanced liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis C virus infection. METHODS: AT, MMP-1, MMP-3, and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in real time, whereas TGFB1 polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism in 38 patients with established advanced liver fibrosis and 50 subjects from the general population. Grading of necroinflammation and staging of liver fibrosis were assessed by liver biopsy and graded according to modified histological activity index Ishak score. RESULTS: Regarding TGFB1 SNP, significant differences were found between G/G and G/C genotypes of patients with hepatic necroinflammation (P = 0.05) and hepatic fibrosis (P = 0.002). There were also significant differences among genotypes of patients with the AT SNP in hepatic necroinflammation (P = 0.01). The albumin-globulin ratio between genotypes of patients with the MMP-3 SNP gene showed significant differences (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that a specific combination of genotypes associated with biochemical values and a histological high score determine more severe liver disease. The presence of the G/G genotype of TGFB1 SNP in patients was significantly associated with severity of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis. Patients with the G/G genotype of AT SNP were associated with severe necroinflammation. The albumin-globulin ratio was increased in patients with the 6A allele of MMP-3 SNP. These results might contribute to diagnosis and further establishment of liver disease treatment.
Assuntos
Estudos de Associação Genética , Hepatite C Crônica/genética , Cirrose Hepática/genética , Metaloproteinase 3 da Matriz/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/genética , Idoso , Alelos , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética/métodos , Genótipo , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite C Crônica/etnologia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/etnologia , Testes de Função Hepática/métodos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose/diagnóstico , Necrose/etnologia , Necrose/genética , Albumina Sérica/genética , Soroglobulinas/genéticaRESUMO
Pirfenidone is a non-steroidal antifibrotic compound that has been proposed in clinical protocols and experimental studies as a pharmacological treatment for fibroproliferative diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the genotoxicity or cytotoxicity of three doses of pirfenidone using the micronuclei test in peripheral blood erythrocytes of rodent models. Pirfenidone was administered orally to Balb-C mice for 3 days, and also was administered topically to hairless Sprague Dawley rats during the final stage of gestation. Mice were sampled every 24 h over the course of 6 days; pregnant rats were sampled every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, and pups were sampled at birth. Blood smears were analyzed and the frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and the proportion of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), were recorded in samples from mice, pregnant rats and rat neonates. Increases in MN frequencies (p<0.03) were noted only in the positive control groups. No genotoxic effects or decreased PCE values were observed neither in newborn rats transplacentally exposed to pirfenidone, or in two adult rodent models when pirfenidone was administered orally or topically.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/toxicidade , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes para Micronúcleos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Piridonas/toxicidade , Animais , Eritrócitos/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Se evaluó el efecto del cepillado con crema dental que contiene extracto de cuproclorofila en 23 niños de 10 años (otros 23 niños se tomaron como control). Se observaron reducciones significativas según chi cuadrado en cuanto a la infección por Streptococcus mutans, la acumulación de placa dentobacteriana y en la inflamación gingival del grupo tratado con respecto al control.
The effect of tooth brushing with a dentrifice containing cuprochlorophyll extract in 23 children aged 10 (other 23 were selected as controls) was evaluated. Significant reductions were observed according to Chi square test as regards the infection caused by Streptococcus mutans, the accumulation of bacterial plaque and the gingival inflammation of the group treated compared with the controls.
RESUMO
Se desarrolló un método radioinmunológico en fase líquida para la determinación en sangre y orina de la HCG. Se empleó un anticuerpo monoclonal específico para la cadena beta de la HCG, producido previamente en la institución. Este método permite la detección de bajas concentraciones de la hormona (40 mUT/mL, lo que hace posible el diagnóstico del embarazo en el momento de ausencia de la menstruación. Se comprobó que la exactitud, precisión y especificidad del ensayo cumplen los requisitos exigidos para ser aplicados en la práctica clínica asistencial en el diagnóstico del embarazo y otras patologías donde las concentraciones de HCG están aumentadas
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Gonadotropina Coriônica/isolamento & purificação , RadioimunoensaioAssuntos
Humanos , Atitude Frente a Morte , Bioética , Direito a Morrer/ética , Doente Terminal , Temas Bioéticos , CubaRESUMO
Se estudió la relación entre la tolerancia a la glucosa y la secreción de insulina en ungrupo de 217 obesos, no diabéticos. El 9,5 % de los mismos presentó una tolerancia alterada a la glucosa (glicemia a la segunda hora entre 140 y 200 mg/mL). Los patrones de secreción de insulina en los casos de intolerancia fueron similares a los de un grupo control con un peso normal, mientras que el 85 % de estos casos era hiperinsulinémico. Entre estos últimos, aquéllos con tolerancia normal a la glucosa presentaron valores de insulina plasmática, 30 minutos después de la ingestión de la glucosa, significativamente superiores a los casos con tolerancia alterada (217 ñ 27 y 134 ñ 12* unidades/mL, respectivamente). No obstante, la insulinemia en estos sujetos es superior a la de los casos normoinsulinémicos que no padecen trastornos de la tolerancia, sean obesos o controles. Por tanto, se concluye que los cambios en la secreción de insulina en el obeso, no son suficientes para explicar su alta frecuencia de intolerancia a la glucosa
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Insulina/metabolismo , ObesidadeRESUMO
Se realiza un estudio de 100 sujetos obesos antes y después de 6 meses de tratamiento integral. Se comparan la pérdida de peso, respuesta insulínica y de la glucosa, los valores de insulinemía, el colesterol y los triglicéridos antes y después del tratamiento. Se exponen las conclusiones por sexo y grupos etáreos de cada uno de los aspectos investigados
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Obesidade/terapiaRESUMO
El test de exoantígenos ha sido usado en los últimos años con éxito en la identificación inmunológica de hongos patógenos. En el presente trabajo se estudiaron, mediante esta prueba, 27 cepas identificadas presuntivamente como Histoplasma capsulatum por métodos morfológicos. Los exoantígenos obtenidos de cada cepa fueron estudiados mediante técnicas de inmunoprecipitación frente a sueros controles de histoplasmosis obtenidos experimentalmente en conejos. Se emplearon como controles, cepas de referencia de Histoplasma capsulatum, Histoplasma duboisii y Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. El 96% de las cepas estudiadas fue identificada como H. capsulatum mediante el test de exoantígenos, técnica altamente específica, rápida, sencilla y de gran utilidad en los laboratorios de Microbiología
Assuntos
Antígenos de Fungos , Histoplasma/imunologiaRESUMO
Se hace un estudio sobre la trayectoria del primer contingente de estudiantes del Destacamento de Ciencias Médicas "Carlos J Finlay" de Villa Clara , en la especialidad de Medicina, para conocer el aprovechamiento docente y los factores que han influido en su resultado . Para su ralización se recopilaron datos, se aplicaron encuestas , se observaron clases y se analizaron documentos oficiales. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron bajo rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de los primeros años , aunque el aprovechamiento docente y la motivación por el estudio fueron superiores en el área clínic. La complejidad de las asignaturas y la aplicación del método de estudio independiente fueron factores que influyeron en los resultados finales
Assuntos
Logro , Estudantes de MedicinaRESUMO
Se exponen los resultados del ensayo en forma retrospectiva y prospectiva de 2 modelos matemáticos. El primero basado en las técnicas de Box y Jenkins y el segundo, en las aplicación de Fourier al cálculo de regresión. De los resultados obtenidos se pone en evidencia la factibilidad de ambos métodos, pero al parecer resulta más práctico y acertado el empleo del modelo II para las condiciones actuales en nuestro país. Para la aplicación eficiente de estos métodos se hace imprescindible asegurar un registro y notificación semanal de calidad del número de enfermos o de consultas por enfermedades respiratorias agudas (ERA) en el territorio en el que se hace la evaluación