RESUMO

The Doce River has undergone severe changes over the last centuries (e.g., flow regulation, pollution, habitat and species loss). Here, we present the first comprehensive fish biodiversity assessment of the Doce River estuary and a summary of the main impacts and their drivers for the whole river since the early 18th century. Carangiformes, Siluriformes and Eupercaria incertae sedis were the most representative orders for the 115 species recorded. Most species are native (87.8%), euryhaline/peripheral (80%) and zoobenthivorous (33.9%). Threatened (Paragenidens grandoculis, Genidens barbus, and Lutjanus cyanopterus) and near threatened (Cynoscion acoupa, Dormitator maculatus, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus synagris, and Mugil liza) species are peripheral. Thirteen species are exotic at the country (Butis koilomatodon, Coptodon rendalli, and Oreochromis niloticus) or the basin level (e.g., Pygocentrus nattereri and Salminus brasiliensis). The catfish Cathorops cf. arenatus is reported for the first time on the eastern coast of Brazil and Paragenidens grandoculis, considered extinct in the Doce River, was discovered in the estuary.

O rio Doce tem passado por mudanças drásticas ao longo dos últimos séculos (e.g., alterações na vazão, poluição, perda de espécies e habitats). Neste trabalho, apresentamos a primeira avaliação abrangente da biodiversidade de peixes no estuário do rio Doce além de um resumo dos principais impactos e suas forçantes em toda a extensão do rio desde o início do século vinte. Carangiformes, Siluriformes e Eupercaria incertae sedis foram as ordens mais representativas considerando as 115 espécies registradas. A maioria das espécies são nativas (87,8%), eurialinas/periféricas (80%) e zoobentívoras (33,9%). As espécies ameaçadas (Paragenidens grandoculis, Genidens barbus e Lutjanus cyanopterus) e quase ameaçadas (Cynoscion acoupa, Dormitator maculatus, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus synagris e Mugil liza) são periféricas. Treze espécies são exóticas a nivel de país (Butis koilomatodon, Coptodon rendalli e Oreochromis niloticus) ou bacia (e.g., Pygocentrus nattereri e Salminus brasiliensis). O bagre Cathorops cf. arenatus é reportado pela primeira vez na costa leste do Brasil e Paragenidens grandoculis, considerado extinto no rio Doce, foi descoberto no estuário.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In tropical estuaries, wet seasons are responsible for the downstream transport of allochthonous material from the upper basin and flooded plains. Although allochthonous matter is commonly associated to nutrient and detritus input, pollutants are also transported throughout the basin or suspended from the river bottom via strong streamflow remobilization and rainfall dynamics. We assessed community and population trophic niche-based patterns using organisms' stable isotopes signatures in the wet and the dry seasons to test if estuarine trophic diversity is affected by remobilization of metal-contaminated material from a mining dam collapse that occurred in the Doce river basin, Brazil. Trophic depletion was detected community-wide and in a key consumer group (bottom-dwelling fishes) at the end of the wet season in the impacted Doce river estuary (DRE). Conversely, higher trophic diversity values were recorded in a well-preserved estuary used as control site. Stable isotopes mixing models indicated in the DRE that G. genidens, a predator fish species, presented poor-quality diet based on pollutant-tolerant tiny organisms, a finding that strongly contrasts from diet described in other, little-impacted Brazilian estuaries. Although wet seasons are expected to increase trophic, functional and taxonomic diversity in tropical estuaries, in the DRE the rainfall-driven dynamics poses a threat to the community due to the presence of ore tailings.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The Fundão dam collapse occurred on November 2015 in Mariana city (Brazil), provoking a series of ecological impacts over the Doce river basin and its nearshore environment. However many impacts over fishery target fauna (fish and shrimp) are still unknown or underestimated due to the lack of baseline data in the region. In the present study we assessed the isotopic niches modeled from δ13C and δ15N signatures of six estuarine fish species before and after the impact to assign potential shifts at the population- and community-level. We showed isotopic niche has altered in all studied species irrespective of its trophic group and habitat use. Niche community metrics indicated a depletion of trophic diversity and basal resources of the whole community after the impact. Food web changes as we reported here can impair the energy transfer through the food chain and put at risk the sustainability of small fisheries that rely upon local resources.

Assuntos