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Active packaging made from biodegradable polymers and natural additives appears as an ecological alternative. In addition to having antioxidant activity and enhancing food preservation, it allows mitigating the negative impacts caused by improper disposal. This study pursued to produce biodegradable films based on a polymer blend PBAT/PLA (Ecovio®) using the flat extrusion method. The films were prepared with the incorporation of 5 wt% of powdered turmeric or cinnamon as natural additives. The films obtained, and those reprocessed twice, were characterized in terms of colorimetric, UV light transmittance, water contact angle, water vapor permeability, morphology, mechanical properties, and antioxidant activity. Cinnamon reduced the UV light transmittance and made a surface more hydrophobic. Reprocessing led to greater elongation and maximum load, associated with increased dispersion and distribution, as evidenced in the morphological analysis. The films developed have significant potential for applications in active food packaging, with emphasis on cinnamon-additivated films.
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Cinnamomum , Embalagem de Alimentos , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Poliésteres/química , Curcuma , Pós , Antioxidantes/química , Polímeros/química , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/químicaRESUMO
Os enfermeiros que atuam na assistência hospitalar lidam com dor física, emocional, situações de alta complexidade, exposição ao sofrimento, medo, estresse e ansiedade, o que favorece o desenvolvimento da fadiga por compaixão, que é considerada uma forma de sofrimento decorrente da atividade laboral e pode comprometer a saúde e bem-estar do enfermeiro, bem como a segurança do paciente. Objetivou-se relacionar a fadiga por compaixão com aspectos da qualidade da assistência à saúde e segurança do paciente. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, quantitativo, correlacional, realizado entre maio e junho de 2021. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário online após anuência do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e consentimento dos participantes. A amostra constituiu-se de 410 enfermeiros que atuavam em três hospitais privados de São Paulo; 319 (78%) eram do sexo feminino, 212 (51,71%) atuavam de 4 a 10 anos nos hospitais. Obteve-se correlações positivas entre índices elevados na dimensão de fadiga por compaixão e burnout do questionário ProQol-Br e aspectos relacionados à qualidade assistencial e segurança do paciente (p<0,001). Os enfermeiros concordaram que devido à sobrecarga de trabalho e exaustão mental deixaram de cumprir integralmente protocolos de qualidade e segurança do paciente, o que pode aumentar a ocorrência de eventos adversos. Evidenciou se a relevância de desenvolvimento de estratégias para melhorar a sobrecarga de trabalho, por meio da adequação dos recursos humanos, satisfação e reconhecimento profissional, a fim de minimizar à ocorrência de fadiga por compaixão e repercutir positivamente na qualidade assistêncial e segurança do paciente.
Nurses who work in hospital care deal with physical and emotional pain, highly complex situations, exposure to suffering, fear, stress and anxiety, which favors the development of compassion fatigue, which is considered a form of suffering resulting from work activity. and can compromise the health and well-being of nurses, as well as patient safety. The objective was to relate compassion fatigue with aspects of the quality of healthcare and patient safety. This was an exploratory, quantitative, correlational study, carried out between May and June 2021. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire after approval from the Research Ethics Committee and consent from the participants. The sample consisted of 410 nurses who worked in three private hospitals in São Paulo; 319 (78%) were female, 212 (51.71%) had worked in hospitals for 4 to 10 years. Positive correlations were obtained between high rates in the compassion fatigue and burnout dimension of the ProQol-Br questionnaire and aspects related to quality of care and patient safety (p<0.001). The nurses agreed that due to work overload and mental exhaustion, they failed to fully comply with quality and patient safety protocols, which could increase the occurrence of adverse events. The relevance of developing strategies to improve work overload was highlighted, through the adequacy of human resources, satisfaction and professional recognition, in order to minimize the occurrence of compassion fatigue and have a positive impact on the quality of care and patient safety.
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BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a serious global health problem, and exercise is considered an essential non-pharmacological tool in T2D prevention and treatment. During periods of social isolation experienced by the COVID-19 pandemic, home-based exercise programs were strongly recommended as a strategy to facilitate exercise practice and reduce the negative impacts of social isolation. Remotely supervised exercise stands out as an easily accessible strategy after the pandemic, as it is a tool that aims to facilitate access to exercise by this population. The purpose of the RED study is to verify the effects of a remotely supervised home-based exercise program compared to a control group on cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with T2D. METHODS: Participants are randomized into the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG). Participants allocated to the CG receive recommendations for the practice of physical activity based on information from chapters of the Physical Activity Guide for the Brazilian Population, while the IG will perform a 12-week home-based exercise program supervised remotely by video call. The intervention has a weekly frequency of two sessions per week on non-consecutive days during the first 6 weeks and three sessions per week on non-consecutive days for the remaining 6 weeks. The RED study has HbA1c as the primary outcome, and the participants' cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial parameters are assessed at baseline (week 0) and post-intervention (week 13). DISCUSSION: Expected results of the proposed study will provide the knowledge base of health professionals and deliver more evidence for a growing area, i.e., home-based exercise and T2D. Additionally, this protocol aims to verify and demonstrate whether this program can be accessible and effective for different health outcomes in patients with T2D. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The RED study protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05362071). Date registered April 6, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05362071 .
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COVID-19 , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Pandemias , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns (TMCs) em idosos de um município de pequeno porte do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico populacional, com delineamento transversal, realizado com idosos da área urbana de Aiquara-BA. As informações sociodemográficas, de hábitos de vida e de condições de saúde foram coletadas, em entrevistas, a partir de um instrumento próprio. O nível de atividade física foi averiguado por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Foram considerados insuficientemente ativos os entrevistados que despendiam tempo < 150 mim/sem em atividade física. A identificação da suspeição de TMCs foi realizada pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire, com ponto de corte de sete ou mais respostas positivas. Para as análises inferenciais, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, regressão logística multivariada e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (ICs) de 95,0% (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados Participaram do estudo 232 idosos (58,6% mulheres), com média de idade de 71,6 ± 7,5 anos e prevalência de suspeição de TMCs de 32,6%. No modelo final de regressão, foi observado que estiveram associadas à suspeição de TMCs: as mulheres (RP: 2,49; IC95%: 1,27-4,88); os idosos com autopercepção negativa de saúde (RP: 2,73; IC95%: 1,46-5,10); os idosos que referiram ter distúrbios do sono (RP: 3,12; IC95%: 1,56-6,21); e os insuficientemente ativos (RP: 2,30; IC95%: 1,20-4,41). Conclusão Em Aiquara-BA, identificou-se elevada prevalência de suspeição de TMCs, principalmente em mulheres, nos avaliados com autopercepção de saúde negativa, entre os que referiram ter distúrbios do sono e nos participantes insuficientemente ativos.
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suspected common mental disorders (CMD) in older adults in a small municipality in Northeastern Brazil. Methods Population epidemiological cross-sectional study carried out with older adults from the urban area of Aiquara, BA. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle and health conditions were collected in interviews, using a specific instrument. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Respondents who dismissed time < 150 min/wk in physical activity were considered insufficiently active. The identification of suspected CMD was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, with a cut-off point of seven or more positive responses. For inferential analyses, Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used, and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (p ≤ 0.05). Results A total of 232 older adults (58.6% women), with a mean age of 71.6 ± 7.5 years participated in the study and 32.6% exhibited suspected CMD. In the final regression model, it was observed that women were associated with suspected CMD (PR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.27-4.88); older adults with self-perceived poor health (PR: 2.73; 95%CI: 1.46-5.10); the older adults who reported experiencing sleep disorders (PR: 3.12; 95%CI: 1.56-6.21) and those who were insufficiently active (PR: 2.30; 95%CI: 1.20-4.41). Conclusion In Aiquara, BA, a high prevalence of suspected common mental disorders was identified, especially in women, in patients evaluated with negative self-perceived health, among those who reported having sleep disorders and in insufficiently active participants.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A telerreabilitação é uma modalidade de atendimento realizado à distância que foi considerada um recurso fundamental durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Entretanto, era uma modalidade ainda não vivenciada por muitos profissionais e familiares. OBJETIVO: Descrever a percepção dos pais ou responsáveis por crianças em tratamento fisioterapêutico, sobre os desafios e as contribuições da experiência com a telerreabilitação realizada em serviço ambulatorial durante a pandemia de COVID-19. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal exploratório, realizado com pais ou responsáveis por crianças, com idade entre 0 a 12 anos, com qualquer condição de saúde neurológica ou musculoesquelética em acompanhamento fisioterapêutico por telerreabilitação, no período de junho a agosto de 2021. Um questionário elaborado pelas autoras com perguntas sobre a percepção dos responsáveis, desafios e contribuições da telerreabilitação foi encaminhado para os responsáveis por meio de um link do Google Forms, via e-mail ou aplicativo de mensagem no celular, e foi auto aplicado. Realizaramse análises descritivas dos dados coletados por meio da frequência de respostas dos pais ou responsáveis nas questões específicas. As variáveis numéricas foram apresentadas como média ± desvio-padrão e as variáveis categóricas, como frequências absolutas e relativas. RESULTADOS: Dezoito responsáveis receberam e responderam o questionário completamente. A mãe foi a responsável mais citada, a maioria das crianças recebeu atendimento duas vezes na semana e o diagnóstico mais prevalente foi paralisia cerebral. Setenta e três por cento dos responsáveis avaliaram a telerreabilitação como acima do nível esperado e com contribuição além de suas expectativas. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com a percepção dos pais, sobre os desafios e as contribuições da experiência com a telerreabilitação realizada em serviço ambulatorial, os benefícios parecem superar os desafios.
INTRODUCTION: Telerehabilitation is a modality of care provided remotely that was considered a fundamental resource during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was a modality not yet experienced by many professionals and family members. OBJECTIVE: To describe the perception of parents or guardians of children undergoing physical therapy, about the challenges and contributions of the experience with telerehabilitation performed in an outpatient service during the COVID-19 pandemics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An exploratory crosssectional observational study carried out with parents or guardians of children, aged between 0 and 12 years old, with any neurological or musculoskeletal health condition in physiotherapeutic treatment by telerehabilitation, from June to August 2021. A questionnaire prepared by the authors with questions about the perception of those responsible, challenges and contributions of telerehabilitation was sent to those responsible through a Google Forms link, by email or mobile messaging app and was self-applied. Descriptive analysis of the data collected was carried out through the frequency of responses from parents or guardians on specific questions. Numerical variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies. RESULTS: Eighteen guardians received and answered the questionnaire completely. The mother was the most cited guardian, most children received care twice a week and the most prevalent diagnosis was cerebral palsy. Seventythree percent of those responsible rated telerehabilitation as above the expected level and with a contribution beyond their expectations. According to them, the greatest contribution of telerehabilitation was the satisfactory motor development presented by the children during the period of social isolation. CONCLUSION: According to the parents' perception of the challenges and contributions of the experience with telerehabilitation performed in outpatient service, the benefits seem to outweigh the challenges.
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COVID-19 , Pediatria , TelerreabilitaçãoRESUMO
O herpes-zóster é uma infecção viral causada pela reativação do vírus da varicela-zóster (VZV) sendo os ramos do nervo trigêmeo afetados em até 20% dos casos. Apresenta-se comumente com dor em queimação e caracteristicamente, o zoster se manifesta como uma erupção vesicular unilateral que aparece na face, cabeça, tronco e até mesmo nas extremidades, variando de lesão leve e de rápida cicatrização à lesões graves e extensas com duração de semanas. Embora se reconheça que o zoster pode ocorrer sem exantema, classicamente apresenta-se como dermátomo unilateral, doloroso e/ou pruriginoso. A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT) tem sido indicada como uma modalidade promissora no tratamento de potenciais lesões infecciosas. Neste trabalho será relatado o caso clínico de um paciente diagnosticado com herpes zóster com manifestação atípica e que recebeu tratamento medicamentoso convencional associado à aPDT.
Herpes zoster is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), with the branches of the trigeminal nerve affected in up to 20% of cases. It commonly presents with burning pain and characteristically, zoster manifests as a unilateral vesicular eruption appearing on the face, head, trunk, and even the extremities, ranging from a mild, rapidly healing lesion to severe, extensive lesions lasting up to weeks. Although it is recognized that zoster can occur without rash, it classically presents as a unilateral, painful and/or pruritic dermatome. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been indicated as a promising modality in the treatment of potential infectious lesions. In this work, the clinical case of a patient diagnosed with herpes zoster with atypical manifestation and who received conventional drug treatment associated with aPDT will be reported.
El herpes zóster es una infección vírica provocada por la reactivación del virus de la varicela zóster (VZV), con afectación de las ramas del nervio trigémino hasta en un 20% de los casos. Comúnmente se presenta con dolor ardiente y característicamente, el zoster se manifiesta como una erupción vesicular unilateral que aparece en la cara, la cabeza, el tronco e incluso las extremidades, que van desde una lesión leve que cura rápidamente hasta lesiones graves y extensas que duran semanas. Aunque se reconoce que el herpes zoster puede ocurrir sin exantema, clásicamente se presenta como un dermatoma unilateral, doloroso y/o pruriginoso. La terapia fotodinámica antimicrobiana (aPDT) se ha indicado como una modalidad prometedora en el tratamiento de posibles lesiones infecciosas. En este trabajo se reportará el caso clínico de un paciente diagnosticado de herpes zoster con manifestación atípica y que recibió tratamiento farmacológico convencional asociado a TFPa.
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BACKGROUND: The tip pinch is one of the most delicate and precise movement of the hand, and it is used to manipulate small objects, commonly observed in the activities of daily living of any individuals. Individuals with Parkinson Disease (PD) with impaired manual dexterity, manipulative skills, and hand weakness have an important barrier for activities of daily life. However, the dynamometer usually used for measuring the tip pinch have a high cost, so, validate a sphygmomanometer can make this assessment more accessible. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the validity of the modified sphygmomanometer test in the evaluation of tip pinch strength when compared to the gold standard. METHODS: 50 individuals with idiopathic PD took part in the study. The muscle strength of tip pinch on the dominant and non-dominant side was measured by the modified sphygmomanometer test and the gold standard, the dynamometer. Concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: 50 individuals diagnosed with idiopathic PD, mean age of 67 ± 8.0 years, 68% male, mean time of diagnosis in months of 84 ± 66 and Hoehn and Yahr mean of 2.5 ± 0.6. There was a significant correlation of moderate magnitude between the modified sphygmomanometer test and the dynamometer in dominant side (r = 0.44; p < 0.01) and non-dominant side (r = 0.48; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The modified sphygmomanometer test showed adequate validity for assessing the muscle strength of the tip pinch in individuals with PD.
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Doença de Parkinson , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Feminino , Mãos , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Força de Pinça , EsfigmomanômetrosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To investigate whether modifiable predictors (depressive symptoms, impairment in behavior and mood, balance impairments, and knee extensor muscle strength) are determinants of the physical activity level in Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Regression analysis of the data was used to investigate whether depressive symptoms, impairments in behavior and mood, balance impairments, or dominant knee extensor muscle strength are predictors of physical activity levels in Parkinson's disease. RESULTS: A total of 50 individuals with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease participated in this study, with a mean age of 67 ± 8 years and 68% male. Balance impairments explained 29% of the variation in the physical activity levels. The explained variance increased to 34% when depressive symptoms were included in the model. CONCLUSION: Among the predictor variables investigated in our study, only balance impairments and depressive symptoms explained the variance in physical activity levels in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
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Doença de Parkinson , Equilíbrio Postural , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the association of the antioxidant resveratrol with sucrose in a vitrification protocol of ovarian tissue in cows, on the morphology of preantral follicles. Ten ovaries of cows were used, collected in local slaughterhouses, fragmented and distributed to the following treatments: fresh control (Co); toxicity (T); (T0) zero toxicity/ only with base vitrification solution (SBV), (TS) toxicity with SBV plus sucrose, (TR) toxicity with SBV plus resveratrol, (TS+R) toxicity with SBV and sucrose plus resveratrol; and for glazing (V); (VS) vitrification with SBV and sucrose, (VR) vitrification with SBV and resveratrol, (VS+R) vitrification with SBV and sucrose plus resveratrol. Preantral follicles were quantified and classified according to morphology into normal and degenerated. The mean percentages between normal and degenerated follicles did not differ (p>0.05) in the following percentages, normal 51.4% and degenerated 48.60%. In the toxicity test there was a difference (p0.05), demonstrating that the vitrification technique is efficient, but the concentration of cryoprotectants used needs to be re-evaluated. Concluding that the natural antioxidant association resveratrol to sucrose in vitrification and rewarming protocols contributes with reservations for the morphological preservation of preantral follicles in cows.
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Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Ovário/citologia , Sacarose/uso terapêutico , Resveratrol/uso terapêutico , Folículo Ovariano/anatomia & histologia , VitrificaçãoRESUMO
Macroalgae produce a large range of primary and secondary metabolites with ecological and economical importance. Studies on antioxidants from marine algae have increased notably, focusing on searching new sources of natural compounds for different applications, in which tropical species have been shown to have high potential, often improved by stressful environmental conditions during the tide cycle with periods of emersion and submersion. Therefore, in order to characterize the antioxidant activity and relate it to local environmental tide exposure, three species of brown marine algae, Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyopteris delicatula, and Lobophora variegata from two beaches on the northeast coast of Brazil were studied. Dichloromethane:methanol (DCM:M) and aqueous extracts were tested for ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) antioxidant assays and total phenolic compounds. Aqueous extracts of C. cervicornis showed up to 10 times major antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds than DCM:M extracts. Different characteristic of antioxidant activity were identified among the beaches, species, and extracts, in which aqueous extracts from C. cervicornis and L. variegata showed the most promising matrices for future prospection of natural antioxidants.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Recifes de Corais , Phaeophyceae/química , Clima Tropical , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Brasil , Especificidade da Espécie , Água/químicaRESUMO
There is a growing interest in the scientific community regarding Primary Health Care practices aiming at assessing and addressing Food and Nutrition Security. The focus is usually on outcomes, instruments and effectiveness, with no concern regarding theories or concepts. We aimed to map the theoretical frameworks regarding practices towards Food and Nutrition Security in Primary Health Care and describe its conceptualisations based on Ludwik Fleck's epistemological approach. We conducted a scoping review, including 14 databases. Within the 56 publications, the notion of Food and Nutrition Insecurity as a risk for health without further theorisations predominates. Other two minor theoretical frameworks coexist: Food and Nutrition Security as a social determinant of health and as the realisation of a human right. Few publications present Food and Nutrition Security conceptualisations. Of those who define it, there is great variability in the content and sources used. The most elaborated and homogenous conceptualisations are in the human rights group. This review exposes how the disputes surrounding a concept mostly built on policy and international relations penetrate the scientific field. When studying topics in the interface between science and health practices, notably those where controversies exist, researchers should explicitly express their theoretical and conceptual backgrounds.
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Segurança Alimentar , Estado Nutricional , Atenção Primária à Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
Thiamine deficiency (TD) produces severe neurodegenerative lesions. Studies have suggested that primary neurodegenerative events are associated with both oxidative stress and inflammation. Very little is known about the downstream effects on intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuronal death. The primary aim of this work was to evaluate the modulation of p38MAPK and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). Behavioral, metabolic, and morphological parameters were assessed. Mice were separated into six groups: control (Cont), TD with pyrithiamine (Ptd), TD with pyrithiamine and Trolox (Ptd + Tr), TD with pyrithiamine and dimethyl sulfoxide (Ptd + Dmso), Trolox (Tr) and DMSO (Dmso) control groups and treated for 9 days. Control groups received standard feed (AIN-93M), while TD groups received thiamine deficient feed (AIN-93DT). All the groups were subjected to behavioral tests, and CNS samples were collected for cell viability, histopathology and western blot analyses. The Ptd group showed a reduction in weight gain and feed intake, as well as a reduction in locomotor, grooming, and motor coordination activities. Also, Ptd group showed a robust increase in p38MAPK phosphorylation and mild HO-1 expression in the cerebral cortex and thalamus. The Ptd group showed a decreased cell viability, hemorrhage, spongiosis, and astrocytic swelling in the thalamus. Groups treated with Trolox and DMSO displayed diminished p38MAPK phosphorylation in both the structures, as well as attenuated thalamic lesions and behavioral activities. These data suggest that p38MAPK and HO-1 are involved in the TD-induced neurodegeneration in vivo, possibly modulated by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Deficiência de Tiamina/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Cromanos/farmacologia , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Inflamação/etiologia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Piritiamina , Deficiência de Tiamina/induzido quimicamente , Deficiência de Tiamina/complicações , Deficiência de Tiamina/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Creatine supplementation could be a nonexpensive, safe, and effective dietary intervention to counteract bone loss. The aim of this study was to investigate whether long-term creatine supplementation can improve bone health in older, postmenopausal women. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized trial was conducted between November 2011 and December 2017 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Two hundred postmenopausal women with osteopenia were randomly allocated to receive either creatine monohydrate (3 g/d) or placebo for 2 years. At baseline and after 12 and 24 months, we assessed areal bone mineral density (aBMD; primary outcome), lean and fat mass (through dual X-ray absorptiometry), volumetric BMD and bone microarchitecture parameters, biochemical bone markers, physical function and strength, and the number of falls and fractures. Possible adverse effects were self-reported. RESULTS: Lumbar spine (p < .001), femoral neck (p < .001), and total femur aBMD (p = .032) decreased across time; however, no interaction effect was observed (all p > .050). Bone markers, microarchitecture parameters, and the number of falls/fractures were not changed with creatine (all p > .050). Lean mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass increased throughout the intervention (p < .001), with no additive effect of creatine (p = .731 and p = .397, respectively). Creatine did not affect health-related laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: Creatine supplementation more than 2 years did not improve bone health in older, postmenopausal women with osteopenia, nor did it affect lean mass or muscle function in this population. This refutes the long-lasting notion that this dietary supplement alone has osteogenic or anabolic properties in the long run. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT: 01472393.
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Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/tratamento farmacológico , Creatina/administração & dosagem , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Absorciometria de Fóton , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Fraturas Ósseas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Pós-MenopausaRESUMO
Thiamine is an essential cofactor for several cellular functions. Your deficiency results in important neurological disorders, with mechanisms and lesions not fully understood. The purpose of this work was to evaluate a thiamine deficiency through the model of oral administration of amprolium in mice. The animals, treated for 20 or 80 days, received amprolium in drinking water at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/mL (deficient groups A, B, and C, respectively). Deficient groups A and B showed reduction in body weight gain and performance changes in the open field (decreased distance and rearing, and increased grooming) and rotarod (reduced latency to fall) behavioural tests, when treated for 80 days. However, no histological changes were observed in the central nervous system. Moreover, group B animals exposed to amprolium developed proteinuria, with moderate tubular nephrosis, at 80 days. At the highest dose (group C) there was no interest to drink water. The data suggest that the use of oral amprolium in mice may be an interesting and viable model, when using adequate exposure times and doses. The amprolium induces thiamine deficiency progressively and moderately, which may be potentially useful for disturbed pathogenesis studies.(AU)
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Animais , Camundongos , Deficiência de Tiamina/induzido quimicamente , Deficiência de Tiamina/veterinária , Amprólio/administração & dosagem , Proteinúria/veterinária , Nefrose/veterinária , Encefalomalacia/veterináriaRESUMO
Thiamine is an essential cofactor for several cellular functions. Your deficiency results in important neurological disorders, with mechanisms and lesions not fully understood. The purpose of this work was to evaluate a thiamine deficiency through the model of oral administration of amprolium in mice. The animals, treated for 20 or 80 days, received amprolium in drinking water at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/mL (deficient groups A, B, and C, respectively). Deficient groups A and B showed reduction in body weight gain and performance changes in the open field (decreased distance and rearing, and increased grooming) and rotarod (reduced latency to fall) behavioural tests, when treated for 80 days. However, no histological changes were observed in the central nervous system. Moreover, group B animals exposed to amprolium developed proteinuria, with moderate tubular nephrosis, at 80 days. At the highest dose (group C) there was no interest to drink water. The data suggest that the use of oral amprolium in mice may be an interesting and viable model, when using adequate exposure times and doses. The amprolium induces thiamine deficiency progressively and moderately, which may be potentially useful for disturbed pathogenesis studies.
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Thiamine is an essential cofactor for several cellular functions. Your deficiency results in important neurological disorders, with mechanisms and lesions not fully understood. The purpose of this work was to evaluate a thiamine deficiency through the model of oral administration of amprolium in mice. The animals, treated for 20 or 80 days, received amprolium in drinking water at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/mL (deficient groups A, B, and C, respectively). Deficient groups A and B showed reduction in body weight gain and performance changes in the open field (decreased distance and rearing, and increased grooming) and rotarod (reduced latency to fall) behavioural tests, when treated for 80 days. However, no histological changes were observed in the central nervous system. Moreover, group B animals exposed to amprolium developed proteinuria, with moderate tubular nephrosis, at 80 days. At the highest dose (group C) there was no interest to drink water. The data suggest that the use of oral amprolium in mice may be an interesting and viable model, when using adequate exposure times and doses. The amprolium induces thiamine deficiency progressively and moderately, which may be potentially useful for disturbed pathogenesis studies.
RESUMO
Intestinal parasites are a major public health problem in developing countries, most prevalent in areas where sanitation is poor and the population's hygiene is inadequate. They affect people of all ages, although school-age children are the most susceptible. In this study, we investigated the presence of intestinal parasites in the shared environments of a public school in the town of Diamantina, Minas Gerais State. From December 2012 to February 2013, samples were collected for three months (once a month) by using the Graham method (1941), in duplicate, by affixing a 6 x 5 cm clear tape, six times in each collection site, in a space of about 30 cm2. Then, each tape was positioned longitudinally on a microscope slide and the identification of the biological forms of the parasites was performed with the aid of a 40X objective from an optical microscope. Eleven sites were selected for sampling. Cysts of Entamoeba coli were the most frequently found in this study (50%), followed by Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (27.6%), Iodamoeba butschllii cysts (5.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (5.6%), Taenia species eggs (5.6%) and hookworm eggs (5.6%). The highest positivity rates were found in the samples drawn from the cafeteria's eating table. The results have indicated the need to improve the cleaning in the school environments, as well as the development of educational practices that may help in the preservation of public health.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Helmintíase/diagnóstico , Helmintíase/parasitologia , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Infecções por Protozoários/diagnóstico , Infecções por Protozoários/parasitologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Neste artigo adentramos a profundidade do conceito de indústria cultural, cunhado por Horkheimer e Adorno (1985), para atravessar suas imbricações com as fantasias inconscientes, em especial as de natureza destrutiva. A violência simbólica da indústria cultural, quando internalizada pelos indivíduos, veicula os modelos identificatórios exigidos pela sociedade de consumo para universalizar a lógica da mercadoria entre todos eles. Essa perversão nos processos de constituição das subjetividades conduz às suas estandardizações nos moldes que Theodor Adorno identifica como de pseudoindivíduos, atados simbioticamente uns aos outros. Existe uma similaridade entre esses conceitos adornianos e o de sentimento inconsciente de culpabilidade de Freud, em que esse autor identifica processos de autopunição subjetiva quando, sob a mais-repressão social, os indivíduos estão proibidos de reagir. O sadomasoquismo sustenta a cumplicidade dos indivíduos com esse status quo opressor, orquestrado pelo engano das ideologias difundidas pela indústria cultural. Será possível que esses indivíduos venham a assumir as suas criticidades para tornarem-se construtores da cultura?.
This current research deepens the concept of cultural industry, coined by Horkheimer and Adorno (1985), so that its overlapping with unconscious fantasies, especially destructive one, may be understood. When subjects internalize the symbolic violence of cultural industry, they transfer the identification models required by consumption society and universalize the object logic among all. The perversion in the subjectivities constitution processes leads towards the standardization of models which Adorno identifies as pseudo-individual symbiotically linked to one another. A similarity exists between these concepts by Adorno and Freuds unconscious feeling of guilt in which the latter identifies processes of subjective self-punishment when subjects are impaired to react due to social repression. Sadomasochism sustains the subjects complicity with such an oppressing status quo, orchestrated by the mistake of ideologies diffused by the cultural industry. Is it possible that these subjects appropriate their critical possibilities to become culture-builders?.
Dans cet article nous nous sommes enfoncées dans le concept de lindustrie culturelle, battu par Horkheimer e Adorno (1985), pour traverser ses imbrications avec les fantaisies inconscientes, notamment celles de nature destructive. La violence symbolique de lindustrie culturelle, quand internalizée par les individus, véhicule les modèles identificatoires exigés par la société de consommation pour universalizer parmis ceux-là, la logique de la marchandise. Cette perversion dans les processus de constitution des subjectivités, emmène vers ses standardisations dans des modèles identifiés par Theodor Adorno comme des pseudo-individus attachés symbiotiquement les uns aux autres. Il existe une similarité entre ces concepts adorniens et celui de ® sentiment inconscient de culpabilité ¼ de Freud où il identifie des processus dauto-punition subjective quand les individus sont interdits de réagir sous une forte représsion sociale. Le sadomasochisme soutien la cumplicité des individus avex ce status-quo oppresseur, orchestré par la trompérie des idéologies difusées par lindustrie culturele. Sera-t-il possible que ces individus assumissent ses esprits critiques pour devenir bâttisseurs de la culture?.
En este artículo adentramos a la profundidad del concepto de industria cultural, acuñado por Horkheimer y Adorno (1985), para atravesar sus imbricaciones con las fantasías inconscientes, en especial las de naturaleza destructiva. La violencia simbólica de la industria cultural, cuando interiorizada por los individuos, lleva los modelos identificativos exigidos por la sociedad de consumo para universalizar la lógica de la mercadería entre todos ellos. Esa perversión en los procesos de constitución de las subjetividades conduce a sus estandarizaciones en los moldes que Theodor Adorno identifica como de pseudo-individuos, atados simbióticamente unos a los otros. Existe una similitud entre esos conceptos adornianos y el de sentimiento inconsciente de culpabilidad de Freud, en que ese autor identifica procesos de auto-punición subjetiva cuando, bajo la más-represión social, los individuos están prohibidos de reaccionar. El sadomasoquismo defiende la complicidad de los individuos con ese status quo opresor, orquestado por el engaño de las ideologías difundidas por la industria cultural. ¿Será posible que esos individuos vengan a asumir sus criticidades para que se tornen constructores de la cultura?.
Assuntos
Alienação Social/psicologia , Características Culturais , Fatores Culturais , Masoquismo/classificação , Masoquismo/psicologia , Antropologia CulturalRESUMO
Neste artigo adentramos a profundidade do conceito de indústria cultural, cunhado por Horkheimer e Adorno (1985), para atravessar suas imbricações com as fantasias inconscientes, em especial as de natureza destrutiva. A violência simbólica da indústria cultural, quando internalizada pelos indivíduos, veicula os modelos identificatórios exigidos pela sociedade de consumo para universalizar a lógica da mercadoria entre todos eles. Essa perversão nos processos de constituição das subjetividades conduz às suas estandardizações nos moldes que Theodor Adorno identifica como de pseudoindivíduos, atados simbioticamente uns aos outros. Existe uma similaridade entre esses conceitos adornianos e o de sentimento inconsciente de culpabilidade de Freud, em que esse autor identifica processos de autopunição subjetiva quando, sob a mais-repressão social, os indivíduos estão proibidos de reagir. O sadomasoquismo sustenta a cumplicidade dos indivíduos com esse status quo opressor, orquestrado pelo engano das ideologias difundidas pela indústria cultural. Será possível que esses indivíduos venham a assumir as suas criticidades para tornarem-se construtores da cultura?.(AU)
This current research deepens the concept of cultural industry, coined by Horkheimer and Adorno (1985), so that its overlapping with unconscious fantasies, especially destructive one, may be understood. When subjects internalize the symbolic violence of cultural industry, they transfer the identification models required by consumption society and universalize the object logic among all. The perversion in the subjectivities constitution processes leads towards the standardization of models which Adorno identifies as pseudo-individual symbiotically linked to one another. A similarity exists between these concepts by Adorno and Freuds unconscious feeling of guilt in which the latter identifies processes of subjective self-punishment when subjects are impaired to react due to social repression. Sadomasochism sustains the subjects complicity with such an oppressing status quo, orchestrated by the mistake of ideologies diffused by the cultural industry. Is it possible that these subjects appropriate their critical possibilities to become culture-builders?.(AU)
Dans cet article nous nous sommes enfoncées dans le concept de lindustrie culturelle, battu par Horkheimer e Adorno (1985), pour traverser ses imbrications avec les fantaisies inconscientes, notamment celles de nature destructive. La violence symbolique de lindustrie culturelle, quand internalizée par les individus, véhicule les modèles identificatoires exigés par la société de consommation pour universalizer parmis ceux-là, la logique de la marchandise. Cette perversion dans les processus de constitution des subjectivités, emmène vers ses standardisations dans des modèles identifiés par Theodor Adorno comme des pseudo-individus attachés symbiotiquement les uns aux autres. Il existe une similarité entre ces concepts adorniens et celui de ® sentiment inconscient de culpabilité » de Freud où il identifie des processus dauto-punition subjective quand les individus sont interdits de réagir sous une forte représsion sociale. Le sadomasochisme soutien la cumplicité des individus avex ce status-quo oppresseur, orchestré par la trompérie des idéologies difusées par lindustrie culturele. Sera-t-il possible que ces individus assumissent ses esprits critiques pour devenir bâttisseurs de la culture?.(AU)
En este artículo adentramos a la profundidad del concepto de industria cultural, acuñado por Horkheimer y Adorno (1985), para atravesar sus imbricaciones con las fantasías inconscientes, en especial las de naturaleza destructiva. La violencia simbólica de la industria cultural, cuando interiorizada por los individuos, lleva los modelos identificativos exigidos por la sociedad de consumo para universalizar la lógica de la mercadería entre todos ellos. Esa perversión en los procesos de constitución de las subjetividades conduce a sus estandarizaciones en los moldes que Theodor Adorno identifica como de pseudo-individuos, atados simbióticamente unos a los otros. Existe una similitud entre esos conceptos adornianos y el de sentimiento inconsciente de culpabilidad de Freud, en que ese autor identifica procesos de auto-punición subjetiva cuando, bajo la más-represión social, los individuos están prohibidos de reaccionar. El sadomasoquismo defiende la complicidad de los individuos con ese status quo opresor, orquestado por el engaño de las ideologías difundidas por la industria cultural. ¿Será posible que esos individuos vengan a asumir sus criticidades para que se tornen constructores de la cultura?.(AU)
Assuntos
Alienação Social/psicologia , Características Culturais , Fatores Culturais , Masoquismo/classificação , Masoquismo/psicologia , Antropologia CulturalRESUMO
Este artigo busca discutir o conceito de indústria cultural, cunhado por Horkheimer e Adorno (1985), e levantar reflexões articuladas à psicanálise freudiana. A indústria cultural é a subordinação da cultura a lógica da mercadoria. Com isso, o que deveria promover os elementos necessários à construção da autonomia, da individualidade e singularidade, passa a gerar normalização, padronização e submissão. A adesão dos indivíduos a esse fenômeno ocorre por meio de mecanismos inconscientes, principalmente pela identificação com os modelos perversos construídos socialmente. O vínculo estabelecido com a indústria cultural é de natureza libidinal (o indivíduo a idealiza, sem jamais ter o retorno afetivo desse investimento). Tal engolfamento configura-se como uma violência simbólica, em que o indivíduo familiariza-se com o sofrimento. Impedido de exteriorizá-lo, ocorre uma autoagressão: torna-se indiferente ao próprio sofrimento e ao sofrimento alheio e ou passa a gozar de sua dor, estabelecendo vínculos sadomasoquistas. Será possível sair da violência dessa cumplicidade?
Current investigation discusses the concept of cultural industry, coined by Hokheimer and Adorno (1985), and interpellates Freudian psychoanalysis. Cultural industry is the subordination of culture to market logic, or rather, that which should promote the necessary issues for the construction of autonomy, individuality and singularity produces normalization, standardization and submission. People's adhesion to such a phenomenon occurs through sub-conscience mechanisms, especially by the identification with socially constructed perverse models. Bonds with cultural industry are characterized by a libidinal foregrounding - the individuals idealize it without ever having an affection response to their efforts. This set of facts boils down to a symbolical violence in which the individuals familiarize themselves with suffering. Since they cannot externalize it, a self-aggression occurs: they become indifferent to their own pain and to that of others and/or take pleasure in their suffering with sadomasochist features. Will they release themselves from such complicity?
En este artículo se pretende discutir el concepto de industria cultural, acuñado por Horkheimer y Adorno (1985), y plantear reflexiones articuladas con el psicoanálisis freudiano. La industria cultural es la subordinación de la cultura a la lógica de la mercancía. Con esto, lo que debería promover los elementos necesarios para la construcción de la autonomía, de la individualidad y singularidad, comienza a generar normalización, estandarización y sumisión. La adhesión de los individuos a este fenómeno se produce a través de mecanismos inconscientes, principalmente a través de la identificación con modelos perversos socialmente construidos. El vínculo establecido con la industria cultural es de naturaleza libidinal (el individuo la idealiza, sin recibir nunca la contrapartida afectiva de esta inversión). Tal acto se presenta como una violencia simbólica, en la que el individuo se familiariza con el sufrimiento. Incapaz de exteriorizarlo, se produce una auto-agresión: se vuelve indiferente a su propio sufrimiento y al sufrimiento de los demás y/o comienza a disfrutar su dolor, estableciendo vínculos sadomasoquista. ¿Será posible salir de la violencia de esta complicidad?