RESUMO
O comportamento do consumidor está passando por mudanças que permitem que o fluxo de informações se difunda e seja importante nas decisões sobre hábitos alimentares e preferências de consumo. Com o objetivo de descrever o perfil dos consumidores de carne em Lavras/MG foram entrevistados 102 consumidores com formulários previamente testados. Foi feita a análise descritiva dos dados no software PASW Statistics 20 e extraídas as maiores frequências para traçar o perfil dos consumidores. Em relação à escolaridade observou-se que 54,9% dos entrevistados possuíam somente até o ensino fundamental. Em relação a renda a maioria (64,2%) é pertencente a classe C (1 a 3 salários mínimos). Quanto ao tipo de carne consumida 56,4% diz consumir mais carne bovina, mas a consideram a 2ª carne pior para a saúde (perdendo apenas para a de suínos) e a segunda mais cara (perdendo apenas para a de peixe). A carne mais barata, segundo os consumidores entrevistados foi a de aves (55,4%), mas ficou em 3º lugar como a mais consumida. A carne considerada melhor para a saúde foi a de peixe, mas também foi con
RESUMO
Com o objetivo de caracterizar os fatores associados ao consumo de carne e ao conhecimento do consumidor quanto à fiscalização e inspeção sanitária foram entrevistados 102 consumidores com formulários previamente testados. Foram feitas análises descritivas e testes de qui-quadrado no software PASW 20 para verificar a associação entre o consumo de carne e as variáveis coletadas nas entrevistas. Considerando como variável dependente (VD): 1)“Preocupação em verificar se a carne tem selo de qualidade e inspeção” as variáveis independentes (VI) associadas foram: a preocupação de consumir um produto seguro para saúde (p=0,009, OR=5,333, IC95% = 1,444 – 19,705), o conhecimento dos selos de inspeção (p=0,024, OR=2,555, IC95% =1,124 – 5,807). 2) “Conhecimento sobre o profissional Veterinário como responsável por fiscalizar a carne” (VD), a VI associada foi a escolaridade, sendo que aqueles que tem apenas até a4ª série (p=0,017, OR=0,114, IC95% = 0,014 &a
RESUMO
O comportamento do consumidor está passando por mudanças que permitem que o fluxo de informações se difunda e seja importante nas decisões sobre hábitos alimentares e preferências de consumo. Com o objetivo de descrever o perfil dos consumidores de carne em Lavras/MG foram entrevistados 102 consumidores com formulários previamente testados. Foi feita a análise descritiva dos dados no software PASW Statistics 20 e extraídas as maiores frequências para traçar o perfil dos consumidores. Em relação à escolaridade observou-se que 54,9% dos entrevistados possuíam somente até o ensino fundamental. Em relação a renda a maioria (64,2%) é pertencente a classe C (1 a 3 salários mínimos). Quanto ao tipo de carne consumida 56,4% diz consumir mais carne bovina, mas a consideram a 2ª carne pior para a saúde (perdendo apenas para a de suínos) e a segunda mais cara (perdendo apenas para a de peixe). A carne mais barata, segundo os consumidores entrevistados foi a de aves (55,4%), mas ficou em 3º lugar como a mais consumida. A carne considerada melhor para a saúde foi a de peixe, mas também foi con
RESUMO
Com o objetivo de caracterizar os fatores associados ao consumo de carne e ao conhecimento do consumidor quanto à fiscalização e inspeção sanitária foram entrevistados 102 consumidores com formulários previamente testados. Foram feitas análises descritivas e testes de qui-quadrado no software PASW 20 para verificar a associação entre o consumo de carne e as variáveis coletadas nas entrevistas. Considerando como variável dependente (VD): 1)“Preocupação em verificar se a carne tem selo de qualidade e inspeção” as variáveis independentes (VI) associadas foram: a preocupação de consumir um produto seguro para saúde (p=0,009, OR=5,333, IC95% = 1,444 – 19,705), o conhecimento dos selos de inspeção (p=0,024, OR=2,555, IC95% =1,124 – 5,807). 2) “Conhecimento sobre o profissional Veterinário como responsável por fiscalizar a carne” (VD), a VI associada foi a escolaridade, sendo que aqueles que tem apenas até a4ª série (p=0,017, OR=0,114, IC95% = 0,014 &a
RESUMO
DNA samples of six bovines obtained from three tissues (blood, semen and hair) were extracted using two different techniques. After the extraction procedures the samples were divided in six fractions. Three were stored at -20º C and three at 4º C. Every three months one sample of each tissue/extraction procedure was analyzed in spectrophotometer, to determine the quantity of the DNA and the extract was amplified using the primer RM 29. No differences in the DNA quantity or in the level of protein contamination among the three periods of analyses were observed. All the DNA extracted by quick extraction technique showed good amplification patterns during the nine months, meaning that this technique can be used in laboratory routine instead of the permanent extraction technique. The extract obtained from blood, using the permanent extraction technique, showed the higher quantity of DNA with the smaller index of protein contamination. The high quantity of protein contamination found in the semen samples preserved in egg yolk demanded modifications in both extraction techniques. After that the results were positive, showing good amplification patterns.
Assuntos
Animais , Sangue , DNA , Cabelo , Biologia Molecular , SêmenRESUMO
DNA samples of six bovines obtained from three tissues (blood, semen and hair) were extracted using two different techniques. After the extraction procedures the samples were divided in six fractions. Three were stored at -20º C and three at 4º C. Every three months one sample of each tissue/extraction procedure was analyzed in spectrophotometer, to determine the quantity of the DNA and the extract was amplified using the primer RM 29. No differences in the DNA quantity or in the level of protein contamination among the three periods of analyses were observed. All the DNA extracted by quick extraction technique showed good amplification patterns during the nine months, meaning that this technique can be used in laboratory routine instead of the permanent extraction technique. The extract obtained from blood, using the permanent extraction technique, showed the higher quantity of DNA with the smaller index of protein contamination. The high quantity of protein contamination found in the semen samples preserved in egg yolk demanded modifications in both extraction techniques. After that the results were positive, showing good amplification patterns.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Biologia Molecular , Sangue , Sêmen , Cabelo , DNARESUMO
To evaluate the precision of the DNA tests using the non-automatized technique for individual identification and parentage tests, 105 Rottweiler dogs were studied using the primer CMR S. The sample was composed of 39 animals belonging to 11 complete families and their progenies, and 66 non related individuals until the second generation, derived from kennels located in the states of Minas Gerais and Säo Paulo. The CMR S primer was used for the Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The results showed the inefficiency of the technique, even when analyzed through the automated gel analysis system. Also showed the impossibility of its commercial use due to the fact of does not permit the storage of data for subsequent use
Assuntos
Desoxirribonucleases , CãesRESUMO
Foram utilizados 46 animais da raça Gir, registrados na Associaçäo Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu, provenientes de cinco fazendas situadas no Estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência dos microssatélites BM2113, ILSTS005, ILSTS008, ETH131 e RM88 em testes de verificaçäo de parentesco. Os locos BM2113, ILSTS005, ETH131 e RM88 mostraram-se eficientes, apresentando valores de PE2 (probabilidade de exclusäo quando os dois progenitores säo genotipados) entre 0,62 e 0,69 e PIC2 (conteúdo de informaçäo polimórfica quando os dois progenitores säo genotipados) entre 0,78 e 0,83. O mesmo näo ocorreu para o loco ILSTS008, o qual apresentou baixos valores de PE2 (0,24) e PIC2 (0,41)
Assuntos
Bovinos , DNARESUMO
Foram utilizados 46 animais da raça Gir, registrados na Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu, provenientes de cinco fazendas situadas no Estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência dos microssatélites BM2113, ILSTS005, ILSTS008, ETH131 e RM88 em testes de verificação de parentesco. Os locos BM2113, ILSTS005, ETH131 e RM88 mostraram-se eficientes, apresentando valores de PE2 (probabilidade de exclusão quando os dois progenitores são genotipados) entre 0,62 e 0,69 e PIC2 (conteúdo de informação polimórfica quando os dois progenitores são genotipados) entre 0,78 e 0,83. O mesmo não ocorreu para o loco ILSTS008, o qual apresentou baixos valores de PE2 (0,24) e PIC2 (0,41).(AU)
Forty six animals of the Gir breed, registered at the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders, coming from five farms located in Minas Gerais State, were used to analyze the efficiency of the microsatellites BM2113, ILSTS005, ILSTS008, ETH131 and RM88 in parentage tests. The loci BM2113, ILSTS005, ETH131 and RM88 showed to be efficient, presenting values of PE2 (exclusion probability when both parents are genotiped) between 0.62 and 0.69 and PIC2 (polymorphic information contents when both parents are genotiped) between 0.78 and 0.83. The same was not observed for the locus ILSTS008 that showed low values of PE2 (0.24) and PIC2 (0.41).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , DNARESUMO
In 1998, an epizootic of yellow fever (YF) killed many howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) in eastern Amazonia near the city of Altamira. An infection level with YF virus of approximately 3.6% was determined from analysis of 456 females of Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar, the main enzootic YF vector in South America. One month later, a second study of 164 females captured in the same place led to infection levels of 0.8% for parous and 2.9% for nulliparous females. These results lead to the conclusion that vertical transmission, one of the key elements in the epidemiology of YF, occurs in South America as it does in Africa.
Assuntos
Alouatta , Culicidae/virologia , Insetos Vetores/virologia , Doenças dos Macacos/transmissão , Febre Amarela/veterinária , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Feminino , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Masculino , Camundongos , Paridade , Febre Amarela/transmissãoRESUMO
To evaluate the precision of the DNA tests using the non-automatized technique for individual identification and parentage tests, 105 Rottweiler dogs were studied using the primer CMR S. The sample was composed of 39 animals belonging to 11 complete families and their progenies, and 66 non related individuals until the second generation, derived from kennels located in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. The CMR S primer was used for the Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The results showed the inefficiency of the technique, even when analyzed through the automated gel analysis system. Also showed the impossibility of its commercial use due to the fact of does not permit the storage of data for subsequent use.
RESUMO
Seventy-seven human cases of sylvatic yellow fever were reported in Brazil during the period January-June 2000. The first cases were reported 1 week after New Year's day and originated at Chapada dos Veadeiros, a tourist canyon site in Goiás state, near Brasília, the Brazilian capital. The laboratory procedures used for diagnoses included serology with an IgM capture assay and plaque reduction neutralization test, virus isolation in suckling mice and C6/36 cells, and immunohistochemistry. All cases were diagnosed by at least two different laboratory procedures, with the exception of the first three fatal cases, which were diagnosed on the basis of clinical and epidemiological information. The cases were reported in eight Brazilian states as follows: Goiás with 64.9% (50 cases); Amazonas (1); Bahia (10); Distrito Federal (1); Mato Grosso (4); Minas Gerais (2); Pará (1); São Paulo (2); and Tocantins (6). Patient ages were within the following ranges: 13-74 years old (mean 34.3), 64 (84.4%) were male, especially agricultural workers (n = 30), but tourists (n = 11), carpenters (n = 4), fishermen (n = 4), students (n = 3), truck drivers (n = 3), and other people (n = 22) were also sickened. The case fatality rate was 50.6% (39/77). In Bahia state, a serologic survey that was carried out has suggested a symptomatic/asymptomatic coefficient of 1:4. Field studies developed in Distrito Federal, Goiás, and São Paulo states showed that Haemagogus janthinomys was the mosquito species associated with the transmission. A single strain was also obtained from Aedes scapularis in Bahia. Epizootic occurrence (monkey mortality) was observed in 49 municipalities mainly in Goiás state, where 40 municipalities made reports, 21 of which also diagnosed human cases. Data obtained by the National Institute of Meteorology in Brazil showed an increase in temperature and rain in December 1999 and the first 3 months of 2000 in Goiás and surrounding states, which perhaps has contributed to the intense and widespread transmission of the yellow fever virus. The relatively small number of cases probably reflects the extensive use of yellow fever 17D-vaccine during the last 3 years, in which about 45 million doses were used. During the last months of 1999, 16 and 11 yellow fever cases were reported in Tocantins and Goiás states, respectively. It is noteworthy that the last reported autochthonous cases of sylvatic yellow fever in São Paulo and Bahia, both states outside the endemic/enzootic area, had occurred in 1953 and 1948, respectively.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Clima Tropical , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Culicidae/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Chuva , Estações do Ano , Temperatura , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Vírus da Febre Amarela/imunologia , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Yellow fever (YF) is frequently associated with high severity and death rates in the Amazon region of Brazil. During the rainy seasons of 1998 and 1999, 23 (eight deaths) and 34 (eight deaths) human cases of YF were reported, respectively, in different geographic areas of Pará State; most cases were on Marajó Island. Patients were 1 to 46 years of age. Epidemiologic and ecological studies were conducted in Afuá and Breves on Marajó Island; captured insects yielded isolates of 4 and 11 YF strains, respectively, from Haemagogus janthinomys pooled mosquitoes. The cases on Marajó Island in 1999 resulted from lack of vaccination near the focus of the disease and intense migration, which brought many nonimmune people to areas where infected vectors were present. We hypothesize that YF virus remains in an area after an outbreak by vertical transmission among Haemagogus mosquitoes.
Assuntos
Culicidae/virologia , Febre Amarela/diagnóstico , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Insetos Vetores/virologia , Fígado/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Febre Amarela/virologia , Vírus da Febre Amarela/classificaçãoRESUMO
A total of 187 different species of arboviruses and other viruses in vertebrates were identified at the Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC) from 1954 to 1998, among more than 10,000 arbovirus strains isolated from humans, hematophagous insects, and wild and sentinel vertebrates. Despite intensive studies in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially in Pará State, very little is known about most of these viruses, except for information on date, time, source, and method of isolation, as well as their capacity to infect laboratory animals. This paper reviews ecological and epidemiological data and analyzes the impact of vector and host population changes on various viruses as a result of profound changes in the natural environment. Deforestation, mining, dam and highway construction, human colonization, and urbanization were the main manmade environmental changes associated with the emergence and/or reemergence of relevant arboviruses, including some known pathogens for humans.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Arbovírus/isolamento & purificação , Vetores de Doenças , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental/normas , Animais , Infecções por Arbovirus/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Humanos , UrbanizaçãoRESUMO
The yellow fever (YF) 17D virus is one of the most successful vaccines developed to data. Its use has been estimated to be over 400 million doses with an excellent record of safety. In the past 3 years, yellow fever vaccination was intensified in Brazil in response to higher risk of urban outbreaks of the disease. Two fatal adverse events temporally associated with YF vaccination were reported. Both cases had features similar to yellow fever disease, including hepatitis and multiorgan failure. Two different lots of YF 17DD virus vaccine were administered to the affected patients and also to hundreds of thousands of other individuals without any other reported serious adverse events. The lots were prepared from the secondary seed, which has been in continuous use since 1984. Nucleotide sequencing revealed minor variations at some nucleotide positions between the secondary seed lot virus and the virus isolates from patients; these differences were not consistent across the isolates, represented differences in the relative amount of each nucleotide in a heterogeneous position, and did not result in amino acid substitutions. Inoculation of rhesus monkeys with the viruses isolated from the two patients by the intracerebral (ic) or intrahepatic (ih) route caused minimal viremia and no clinical signs of infection or alterations in laboratory markers. Central nervous system histological scores of rhesus monkeys inoculated ic were within the expected range, and there were no histopathological lesions in animals inoculated ih. Altogether, these results demonstrated the genetic stability and attenuated phenotype of the viruses that caused fatal illness in the two patients. Therefore, the fatal adverse events experienced by the vaccinees are related to individual, genetically determined host factors that regulate cellular susceptibility to yellow fever virus. Such increased susceptibility, resulting in clinically overt disease expression, appears to be extremely rare.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Febre Amarela/genética , Febre Amarela/virologia , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil , Chlorocebus aethiops , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Fenótipo , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vacinação , Células Vero , Viremia , Febre Amarela/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/efeitos adversos , Vírus da Febre Amarela/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus da Febre Amarela/fisiologiaRESUMO
We describe clinical and epidemiologic findings during the first epidemic of dengue fever in Belém, Pará State, Brazil, in 1996-97. Of 40,237 serum samples, 17,440 (43%) were positive for dengue by virus isolation or serologic testing. No hemorrhagic cases or deaths were reported. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Dengue/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dengue/patologia , Dengue/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The island of São Luis in the State of Maranhão, constituted by the municipalities of São Luis-SL (835,428 inhabitants), São José de Ribamar-SJR (60,633 inhabitants) and Paço do Lumiar-PL (80,274 inhabitants), has been suffering dengue (DEN) fever epidemics since 1995, caused by DEN-1. In 1996, from August through October, an aleatory sero-epidemiologic survey was carried out in order to estimate the incidence of DEN infection and to analyze other clinical and epidemiological parameters. A questionnaire was applied and serum samples were simultaneously obtained. Serum samples were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Results were analyzed using Lotus 123, Epi-info 6.0, Excel 5.0 and STATA softwares. A total of 1,217 serum samples were obtained (101 of PL, 100 of SJR and 1017 of SL). The rate of DEN was 55.4% in PL, 28% in SJR and 41.4% in SL, suggesting the occurrence of 401,933 infections. No difference was seen between males and females, but infection occurred more in the upper social class than in poor people (p < 0.003), and was more frequent in adults than in children (p < 0.0004). In SL, the incidence was stratified into seven sanitary districts (SD), and prevalence was found to range from 26.1% in SD4 to 56.8% in SD1 (p < 0.0001). Symptoms were more frequently reported by people whose HI was positive: they included fever, headache, chills, dizziness, retrobulbar pains, muscle and joint pains, nausea, anorexia and skin rash. In spite of the high incidence of infection, no hemorrhagic cases were reported.
Assuntos
Dengue/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/imunologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Distribuição Aleatória , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por Sexo , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Three cases of dengue fever involving the central nervous system (CNS) are reported. All occurred in 1994 during a dengue (DEN) epidemic caused by serotypes DEN-1 and DEN-2. The first case examined was a 17-year-old girl who complained of fever, nuchal rigidity and genital bleeding. Three blood samples were positive by anti-dengue IgM ELISA and showed hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test titers > or = 1,280. The second case concerned a 86-year-old women with fever, muscle and joint pains, altered consciousness, syncope, nuchal rigidity and meningismus. Her blood sample showed an HI titer of 1:320 for flaviviruses, and an IgM ELISA positive for dengue. The third case was a 67-year-old women with fever, abnormal behaviour, seizures, tremor of extremities, thrombocytopenia, increased hematocrit and leukopenia. The patient suffered a typical case of dengue hemorrhagic fever with ensuing shock and a fatal outcome. A single blood sample showed HI antibodies of > or = 1,280 and an IgM ELISA positive for dengue. No virus could be isolated from any patient by inoculation of blood into C6/36 cells and suckling mice. No other agent of disease was encountered in the patient.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Dengue/complicações , Adolescente , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Plaquetas , Pressão Sanguínea , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/diagnóstico , Feminino , Hematócrito , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A seroepidemiological random survey was carried out in Fortaleza city, State of Ceará, Brazil, following an epidemic of dengue virus type 2 (DEN 2), with the purpose of evaluating the frequency of clinical manifestations (signs and symptoms) and the prevalence of dengue infection. METHOD: A questionnaire calling for information on address, sex, age, clinical, epidemiological and economic status was applied to the population, followed by venupuncture collection of 5-10 ml of blood for testing by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI). The sample was calculated to obtain a prevalence of 20% with relative risk of 10% and confidence interval of 95%. All information obtained was analyzed by computer using Epi Info 5.0, Lotus 123, Excel 5.0, and Stata software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 1,341 serum samples were obtained from nine Health Districts (SD) and tested by hemagglutination inhibition. Of these, 589 (44%) were positive and 752 (56%) negative. Of the positive results, 93 primary responses (PR) (7%) to DEN-2 and 496 secondary responses (SR) (37%) were observed. The global prevalence in the SD ranged from 21% to 71%. There were 41% (243/589) asymptomatic infections and 59% (346/589) symptomatic infections. Data analysis showed no difference in frequency by sex, age, on schooling, although a highly statistically significant difference was found as between the different social classes, the infection most commonly observed being among people of better social status. The stratification of positive cases showed greater prevalence of AI (p < 0.001) and SI (p < 0.0001) in both sexes, among people with SR rather than PR. The most prevalent symptoms were fever, headache, muscle pains, rash, dizziness, and joint pains. Moreover, itching, retro-bulbar pain, rash, and gingival bleeding, showed statistically significant differences. On the other hand, dizziness and joint pains were more associated in the patients with SR than PR, and statistically significant differences were also observed.
Assuntos
Dengue/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Brasil , Dengue/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Distribuição Aleatória , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Oito casos com anticorpos anti-Rocio são descritos, de quatro cidades do Estado da Bahia, sendo seis portadores de anticorpos IgG (IH e TN) e dois IgM (ELISA e TN). Os autores comentam sobre a circulação deste arbovírus no Estado, e as possibilidades de reações cruzadas com outros vírus antigenicamente relacionados.
Eight antibody anti-Rocio cases, from four distinct cities in the state of Bahia, are described; six of them being carriers of the antibody IgG (HI and NT) and two IgM (ELISA and NT). The authors comment on the circulation of these arboviruses in the state of Bahia and on the possibility of cross reactions with other antigenically related viruses.