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Background Complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with higher ischemic risk, which can be mitigated by long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, concomitant high bleeding risk (HBR) may be present, making it unclear whether short- or long-term DAPT should be prioritized. Objectives This study investigated the effects of ischemic (by PCI complexity) and bleeding (by PRECISE-DAPT [PRE dicting bleeding Complications in patients undergoing stent Implantation and Sub sequent Dual Anti Platelet Therapy] score) risks on clinical outcomes and on the impact of DAPT duration after coronary stenting. Methods Complex PCI was defined as ≥3 stents implanted and/or ≥3 lesions treated, bifurcation stenting and/or stent length >60 mm, and/or chronic total occlusion revascularization. Ischemic and bleeding outcomes in high (≥25) or non-high (<25) PRECISE-DAPT strata were evaluated based on randomly allocated duration of DAPT. Results Among 14,963 patients from 8 randomized trials, 3,118 underwent complex PCI and experienced a higher rate of ischemic, but not bleeding, events. Long-term DAPT in non-HBR patients reduced ischemic events in both complex (absolute risk difference: −3.86%; 95% confidence interval: −7.71 to +0.06) and noncomplex PCI strata (absolute risk difference: −1.14%; 95% confidence interval: −2.26 to −0.02), but not among HBR patients, regardless of complex PCI features. The bleeding risk according to the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction scale was increased by long-term DAPT only in HBR patients, regardless of PCI complexity. Conclusions Patients who underwent complex PCI had a higher risk of ischemic events, but benefitted from long-term DAPT only if HBR features were not present. These data suggested that when concordant, bleeding, more than ischemic risk, should inform decision-making on the duration of DAPT. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Avaliação Nutricional , Alimentos, Dieta e NutriçãoRESUMO
The aim of this review is to present the methodologies currently applied to identify microbiota and pathogens transmitted to humans through seafood consumption, focusing on molecular techniques and pointing out their importance, advantages, disadvantages and applicability. Knowledge of available techniques allows researchers to identify which technique best fits their expectations. With such discernment, it will be possible to infer which disadvantages will be present and, therefore, not interfering with the final result. Two methodologies can be employed for this purpose, dependent and independent cultures. However, the dependent culture has certain limitations that can be solved through the independent cultivation techniques, such as PCR, PFGE and NGS, especially through the sequencing of the 16S rRNA region, providing a complete view of microbial diversity. These have revolutionized microbiological knowledge, mainly because they allow for the identification of uncultivable micro-organisms, which represent a substantial portion of total micro-organisms, making it possible to elucidate not yet described taxa which may display pathogenic potential, besides quantifying microbial communities, microbiota genetics, translated proteins and produced metabolites. In addition, transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques also allow for the evaluation of possible impacts that microbial communities may create in their environment, as well as the determination of potential pathogenicity to humans.
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Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Microbiota , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Alimentos Marinhos/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
Carnauba wax is extracted from the leaves of the Copernicia prunífera and contains approximately 80% of esters in its composition. The purpose of the present study was evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of p-methoxycinnamic diesters (PCO-C) extracted from Copernicia prunífera in a model of acute and chronic dyslipidemia in mice. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced plasma levels in PCO-C at the dose of 100mg/kg in a model of acute and chronic dyslipidemia. Histological studies showed that PCO-C has no hepatotoxic effect and reduces hepatic steatosis in animals that consumed hyperlipidemic ration. Thus, it was concluded that PCO-C isolated from Copernicia Prunifera was effective in reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both dyslipidemia induction models. The finding indicates that PCO-C might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Arecaceae/química , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Ésteres/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Colesterol/sangue , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Dislipidemias/induzido quimicamente , Ésteres/química , Ésteres/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ceras/química , Ceras/farmacologiaRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary detoxified castor seed cake (DCC) inclusion on broiler performance and carcass traits. Two hundred and fifty Cobb-500(r) broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design consisting of five treatments (dietary inclusion of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% DCC) with five replicates of 10 birds each (five males and five females). Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated from one to 40 days of age. Carcass yield and the yields of the breast, leg (drumstick+thighs), and wings were determined when broilers were 40 days old. Live performance parameters were influenced by DCC dietary inclusion, and levels 2.00, 1.38, and 1.25% DCC impaired FI, WG, and FCR, respectively. Carcass and parts yields were not affected by dietary DCC inclusion. It was concluded that the addition of DCC levels up to 1.25% to broiler diets does not impair live performance or carcass traits.
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Animais , Carne/análise , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal , Ração Animal/análise , Desintoxicação por Sorção/veterinária , Ricinus communis/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary detoxified castor seed cake (DCC) inclusion on broiler performance and carcass traits. Two hundred and fifty Cobb-500(r) broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design consisting of five treatments (dietary inclusion of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% DCC) with five replicates of 10 birds each (five males and five females). Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated from one to 40 days of age. Carcass yield and the yields of the breast, leg (drumstick+thighs), and wings were determined when broilers were 40 days old. Live performance parameters were influenced by DCC dietary inclusion, and levels 2.00, 1.38, and 1.25% DCC impaired FI, WG, and FCR, respectively. Carcass and parts yields were not affected by dietary DCC inclusion. It was concluded that the addition of DCC levels up to 1.25% to broiler diets does not impair live performance or carcass traits.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Ração Animal , Carne/análise , Ricinus communis/efeitos adversos , Desintoxicação por Sorção/veterináriaRESUMO
We report a study of ν(µ) charged-current quasielastic events in the segmented scintillator inner tracker of the MINERvA experiment running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The events were selected by requiring a µ- and low calorimetric recoil energy separated from the interaction vertex. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross section, dσ/dQ², and study the low energy particle content of the final state. Deviations are found between the measured dσ/dQ² and the expectations of a model of independent nucleons in a relativistic Fermi gas. We also observe an excess of energy near the vertex consistent with multiple protons in the final state.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) levels on the performance, internal and external egg quality, and cloacal temperature of commercial layers reared in hot climate. In this trial, 100 commercial Hy-Line W-36 layers between 20 and 32 weeks of age were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of two CP levels (15 e 18%) and two ME contents (2700 and 3100 kcal/kg) with five replicates per treatment and 10 birds per replicate. Performance (feed intake, egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio), internal (Haugh units and albumen and yolk percentage) and external (eggshell % and thickness) egg quality parameters were evaluated. Cloacal temperature was measured in two birds per replicate at 8:00 h and 13:00 h. The diet containing 2700 kcal ME/kg promoted the best performance, whereas the worse performance observed in birds fed the diet with 3100 ME/kg was partially recovered when the diet contained 18% CP. Haugh units worsened as dietary CP level increased. The other external and internal egg quality parameters were not affected by dietary CP or ME levels. The cloacal temperature of birds fed 15% CP was lower in the morning and higher in the afternoon relative to those fed 18% CP, which temperature did not change during the day. It was concluded that dietary CP and ME levels influenced the performance and the body temperature of commercial layers.(AU)
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Animais , Temperatura , Galinhas/fisiologia , Homeostase , Cloaca/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição AnimalRESUMO
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) é empregada na medicina popular pelas diversas propriedades biológicas e farmacológicas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade hepatoprotetora dos extratos hexânico (EH) e etanólico (EE) das folhas de M. charantia no modelo de lesão hepática aguda induzida pelo etanol. Em ambos os extratos foram detectados esteróides; EH apresentou atividade antioxidante mais marcante que EE. O pré-tratamento de camundongos (Swiss, machos) por via oral por três dias consecutivos com 25, 50 ou 100 mg Kg-1 de EH preveniu o aumento tanto de AST quanto de ALT (p<0,05) enquanto o pré-tratamento com EE preveniu apenas o aumento de ALT (p<0,05). Ambos os extratos reduziram a atividade das enzimas hepáticas, contudo EH apresentou efeito mais relevante, caracterizando potencial hepatoprotetor, possivelmente associado ao seu potencial antioxidante.
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) has been used in folk medicine based on its several biological and pharmacological properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of hexane (HE) and ethanol (EE) extracts from M. charantia leaves on the acute liver injury model induced by ethanol. Steroids were detected in both extracts, and EH had higher antioxidant activity than EE. Oral pretreatment of male Swiss mice for three consecutive days with 25, 50 or 100 mg kg-1 HE prevented the increase in AST and ALT (p<0.05), whereas pretreatment with EE only prevented ALT increase (p<0.05). Both extracts reduced the activity of hepatic enzymes; however, HE had a more relevant effect, characterizing hepatoprotective potential, likely associated with its antioxidant potential.
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Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Camundongos , Etanol/farmacologia , Medicamentos Hepatoprotetores , Hexanos/farmacologia , Momordica charantia , Extratos Vegetais , Análise de Variância , Biomarcadores Farmacológicos/químicaRESUMO
To study the annual pattern of plasma melatonin and progesterone concentrations in hair [Santa Inês (SI)] and wool [Romney Marsh (RM) and Suffolk (SU)] ewe lambs kept under natural photoperiods at 21 degrees 59'S, 12 ewe lambs (four/breed) were used. For melatonin, blood samples were collected monthly throughout the year at the onset (17:00, 19:00 and 21:00 hr) and end (04:00, 06:00 and 08:00 hr) of the night, and for progesterone the samples were collected in the morning, two to three times a week throughout the year. Plasma melatonin concentrations at different times of the day changed according to the season. In diurnal periods (17:00 and 8:00 hr) no seasonal differences were observed but they became evident in the nocturnal intervals (21:00 and 4:00 hr) and transitional night-day (6:00 hr) times. The patterns of melatonin secretion were higher in winter and autumn than in spring and summer. The patterns of plasma progesterone secretion were affected by interaction between breed and season. There was no seasonal variation in plasma progesterone concentrations for SI females. The progesterone pattern for RM and SU females varied with season. The plasma levels were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. At 21 degrees 59'S hair and wool ewe lambs showed the same annual pattern of plasma melatonin concentration while the annual progesterone profiles were quite different. For SI females this pattern was constant along all seasons and for RM and SU females this pattern was higher during autumn and winter than spring and summer.
Assuntos
Melatonina/sangue , Fotoperíodo , Progesterona/sangue , Ovinos/sangue , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Geografia , Cabelo , Reprodução , Estações do Ano , Ovinos/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , LãRESUMO
Foram utilizadas 15 ovelhas prenhes e em lactaçäo com o objetivo de se determinarem os padröes fisiológicos da progesterona, e de se verificar a presença ou näo de ritmo circadiano. Observou-se aumento crescente dos níveis de progesterona durante a gestaçäo, com diminuiçäo abrupta aos dois dias pré-parto. A análise de autocorrelaçäo revelou que esse hormônio apresentou no período de pré-parto ritmo circadiano muito mais evidente que no início da gestaçäo e lactaçäo
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Animais , Feminino , Adulto , Ritmo Circadiano , Progesterona , OvinosRESUMO
The authors report a case of a patient with complaint of progressive disphagia. Stenoses of lower third of esophagus was revealed by radiological and endoscopic examinations. Fungi were showed in biopsy of lesion, with demonstration of Histoplasm capsulate by tissue culture. Endoscopic dilatation was performed because especific medical treatment failed but esophageal rupture was observed. Partial esophagectomy was performed with symptoms remission.