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The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the newly formed tissues in post-extraction sockets and to compare ridge dimensional changes with and without the use of a dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (d-PTFE). Twenty human extraction sockets (lower molars and premolars) received either an intentionally exposed d-PTFE membrane (test group) or no biomaterial (control group). After 4 months, during preparation for implant placement, bone and gingival tissues were collected for histological and biomolecular analysis. Clinically, the test and control groups showed mean gains of keratinized gingiva of 4.30±1.20mm and 2.50±2.20mm, respectively. A reduction in ridge width was observed in the control (2.90±2.70mm) and test (3.30±2.00mm) groups. The bone height alteration ranged from a reduction of 0.12±1.60mm to a gain of 0.60±3.60mm on average for both groups. Analysis of gene expression (OPG/RANKL) in gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts revealed no difference between the two groups. Ridge preservation using the d-PTFE membrane increased the formation of keratinized tissue. A reduction in width and mild reduction/gain in height of the alveolar ridge was observed in both groups. The membrane had no influence on the healing process.

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The goal of the present study was to investigate whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects brain responses to palatable foods and whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain) serum levels moderate the association between IUGR and brain and behavioral responses to palatable foods. Brain responses to palatable foods were investigated using a functional magnetic resonance imaging task in which participants were shown palatable foods, neutral foods and non-food items. Serum DHA was quantified in blood samples, and birth weight ratio (BWR) was used as a proxy for IUGR. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) was used to evaluate eating behaviors. In the contrast palatable food > neutral items, we found an activation in the right superior frontal gyrus with BWR as the most important predictor; the lower the BWR (indicative of IUGR), the greater the activation of this region involved in impulse control/decision making facing the viewing of palatable food pictures versus neutral items. At the behavioral level, a general linear model predicting external eating using the DEBQ showed a significant interaction between DHA and IUGR status; in IUGR individuals, the higher the serum DHA, the lower is external eating. In conclusion, we suggest that IUGR moderates brain responses when facing stimuli related to palatable foods, activating an area related to impulse control. Moreover, higher intake of n-3 PUFAs can protect IUGR individuals from developing inappropriate eating behaviors, the putative mechanism of protection would involve decreasing intake in response to external food cues in adolescents/young adults.

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AIM: To evaluate the use of organic acids (OAs) and competitive exclusion (CE) product administered continuously in the feed and transiently in drinking water on the control of Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) prior to slaughter. METHODS AND RESULTS: The influence of treatments were evaluated on pH, population of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, concentration of volatile fatty acids and SE colonization in the crop and caecum. The birds were challenged with SE 24 h before being slaughtered, and then, the caeca and crop were removed and subjected to SE counts. Continuous administration of OAs reduced the population of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family in both crop and caecum, positively influenced the butyric acid concentration and reduced SE colonization in the caecum. The diet supplemented with CE product positively influenced the quantity of LAB in the crop and caecum, elevated the butyric acid concentration and reduced both Enterobacteriaceae quantity and SE colonization in the caecum. There was no effect from administering the treatments via drinking water on the variables measured. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous supplementation in feed with OAs and CE product reduced SE colonization of the caeca. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Supplementation of OAs and CE product in diet to turkeys can reduce the SE load, potentially leading to a lower contamination risk of meat during slaughter.

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Um estudo parasitológico foi realizado para verificar as condiçöes de saúde de 15 colônias de camundongos e 10 colônias de ratos produzidos em 18 biotérios de instituiçöes brasileiras que fornecem animais para ensino, pesquisa e produçäo de imunobiológicos de uso médico ou veterinário. Métodos parasitológicos foram utilizados para diagnóstico de ácaros, piolhos, helmintos e protozoários parasitos. Um questionário foi respondido pelas instituiçöes com o intuito de obter informaçöes sobre a existência de barreiras contra infecçöes e programa de fiscalizaçäo sanitária de suas colônias. Os dados do questionário mostram que a maioria dos biotérios analisados näo possui um sistema de barreiras sanitárias eficiente capaz de manter animais sob condiçöes sanitárias controladas. Infecçöes por ecto e endoparasitos säo generalizadas nas colônias e a associaçäo de infecçöes múltiplas foi comum na maioria dos animais dos biotérios analisados. A prevalência dos parasitos detectados entre as colônias de camundongos e de ratos investigados foi: Myocoptes musculinus (46,6 por cento), Myobia musculi (26,6 por cento), Radfordia ensifera (13,3 por cento), Syphacia obvelata (86,6 por cento). Aspiculuris tetraptera (60,0 por cento), Hymenolepis nana (53,3 por cento), Spironucleus muris (80,0 por cento), Tritrichomonas muris (80,0 por cento), Giardia muris (66,0 por cento), Entamoeba muris (20,0 por cento), Eimeria sp. (13,3 por cento), Hexamastix muris (26,6 por cento), Poliplax spinulosa (30,0 por cento), Poliplax serrata (10,0 por cento), Radfordia ensifera (30,0 por cento), Syphacia muris (80,0 por cento), Hymenolepis nana (40,0 por cento), Trichosomoides crassicauda (55,5 por cento), Spironucleus muris (90,0 por cento), Tritrichomonas muris (80,0 por cento), Giardia muris (60,0 por cento), Entamoeba muris (80,0 por cento), Eimeria sp. (60,0 por cento) e Hexamastix muris (60,0 por cento)

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A parasitological study was undertaken to determine the health status of 15 mouse and 10 rat colonies bred in 18 Brazilian laboratory animal houses maintained under different sanitary barrier conditions which supply animals for teaching, research purposes and manufacture of biological products for medical or veterinary use. Parasitological methods were used for diagnosis of mites, lices, helminthes and protozoan parasites. A questionnaire was answered by institutions with the intention to obtain information about the existence of barriers against infections and of regular sanitary monitoring program of their colonies. The questionnaire data show that the majority of the animal houses investigated do not possess an efficient sanitary barrier system able to keep animals under controlled health sanitary conditions. Ecto and endoparasite infections are widespread in the colonies and multiple infections were common in animals from most facilities investigated. The prevalences of parasites detected among the mouse and rat colonies of the laboratory animal houses investigated were: Myocoptes musculinus (46.6%), Myobia musculi (26.6%), Radfordia ensifera (13.3%), Syphacia obvelata (86.6%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (60.0%), Hymenolepis nana (53.3%), Spironucleus muris (80.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (66.0%), Entamoeba muris (20.0%), Eimeria sp. (13.3%), Hexamastix muris (26.6%), Poliplax spinulosa (30.0%), Poliplax serrata (10.0%), Radfordia ensifera (30.0%), Syphacia muris (80.0%), Hymenolepis nana (40.0%), Trichosomoides crassicauda (55.5%), Spironucleus muris (90.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (60.0%), Entamoeba muris (80.0%), Eimeria sp. (60.0%) and Hexamastix muris (60.0%).

Um estudo parasitológico foi realizado para verificar as condições de saúde de 15 colônias de camundongos e 10 colônias de ratos produzidos em 18 biotérios de instituições brasileiras que fornecem animais para ensino, pesquisa e produção de imunobiológicos de uso médico ou veterinário. Métodos parasitológicos foram utilizados para diagnóstico de ácaros, piolhos, helmintos e protozoários parasitos. Um questionário foi respondido pelas instituições com o intuito de obter informações sobre a existência de barreiras contra infecções e programa de fiscalização sanitária de suas colônias. Os dados do questionário mostram que a maioria dos biotérios analisados não possui um sistema de barreiras sanitárias eficiente capaz de manter animais sob condições sanitárias controladas. Infecções por ecto e endoparasitos são generalizadas nas colônias e a associação de infecções múltiplas foi comum na maioria dos animais dos biotérios analisados. A prevalência dos parasitos detectados entre as colônias de camundongos e de ratos investigadas foi: Myocoptes musculinus (46,6%), Myobia musculi (26,6%), Radfordia ensifera (13,3%), Syphacia obvelata (86,6%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (60,0%), Hymenolepis nana (53,3%), Spironucleus muris (80,0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80,0%), Giardia muris (66,0%), Entamoeba muris (20,0%), Eimeria sp. (13,3%), Hexamastix muris (26,6%), Poliplax spinulosa (30,0%), Poliplax serrata (10,0%), Radfordia ensifera (30,0%), Syphacia muris (80,0%), Hymenolepis nana (40,0%), Trichosomoides crassicauda (55,5%), Spironucleus muris (90,0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80,0%), Giardia muris (60,0%), Entamoeba muris (80,0%), Eimeria sp. (60,0%) e Hexamastix muris (60,0%).

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The authors want to present their experience over the last 20 years in teaching the psychosomatic approach to health professionals and students in their last years, i.e. medical doctors, psychologists, social workers, nurses and dentists. The teaching classes take up 2 years and their main function is to teach students psychosomatics as an approach, a proposal for an integral assistance in health care. They are aimed at emphasizing the human comprehension of pathology, trying to understand it within the scope of a historical and related process, without denying the organic reality of disease.

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