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Thiosemicarbazones are promising classes of compounds with antitumor activity. For this study, six 2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene-thiosemicarbazones compounds were synthesized. These compounds were submitted to different assays in silico, in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the toxicological, antioxidant and antitumor effects. The in silico results were evaluated by the SwissADME and pkCSM platforms and showed that all compounds had good oral bioavailability profiles. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays showed that the compounds showed low cytotoxicity against different normal cells and did not promote hemolytic effects. The single dose acute toxicity test (2000 mg/kg) showed that none of the compounds were toxic to mice. In in vitro antioxidant activity assays, the compounds showed moderate to low activity, with PB17 standing out for the ABTS radical capture assay. The in vivo antioxidant activity highlighted the compounds 1, 6 and 8 that promoted a significant increase in the concentration of liver antioxidant enzymes. Finally, all compounds showed promising antitumor activity against different cell lines, especially MCF-7 and DU145 lines, in addition, they inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 at concentrations lower than 50 mg/kg. These results showed that the evaluated compounds can be considered as potential antitumor agents.
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Antineoplásicos , Antioxidantes , Tiossemicarbazonas , Animais , Tiossemicarbazonas/farmacologia , Tiossemicarbazonas/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Camundongos , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Simulação por Computador , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Compostos de Benzilideno/farmacologia , Compostos de Benzilideno/químicaRESUMO
Balanoposthitis can affect men in immunocompromised situations, such as HIV infection and diabetes. The main associated microorganism is Candida albicans, which can cause local lesions, such as the development of skin cracks associated with itching. As an alternative to conventional treatment, there is a growing interest in the photodynamic inactivation (PDI). It has been shown that the association of photosensitizers with metallic nanoparticles may improve the effectiveness of PDI via plasmonic effect. We have recently shown that the association of methylene blue (MB), a very known photosensitizer, with silver prismatic nanoplatelets (AgNPrs) improved PDI of a resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. To further investigate the experimental conditions involved in PDI improvement, in the present study, we studied the effect of MB concentration associated with AgNPrs exploring spectral analysis, zeta potential measurements, and biological assays, testing the conjugated system against C. albicans isolated from a resistant strain of balanoposthitis. The AgNPrs were synthesized through silver anisotropic seed growth induced by the anionic stabilizing agent poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and showed a plasmon band fully overlapping the MB absorption band. MB and AgNPrs were conjugated through electrostatic association and three different MB concentrations were tested in the nanosystems. Inactivation using red LED light (660 nm) showed a dose dependency in respect to the MB concentration in the conjugates. Using the highest MB concentration (100 µmolâ L-1) with AgNPr, it was possible to completely inactivate the microorganisms upon a 2 min irradiation exposure. Analyzing optical changes in the conjugates we suggest that these results indicate that AgNPrs are enhancers of MB photodynamic action probably by a combined mechanism of plasmonic effect and reduction of MB dimerization. Therefore, MBAgNPrs can be considered a suitable choice to be applied in PDI of resistant microorganisms.
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Candida albicans , Azul de Metileno , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes , Prata , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Prata/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas/uso terapêutico , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Balanite (Inflamação)/tratamento farmacológico , Balanite (Inflamação)/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
Background: Motion sickness (kinetosis) is a common and temporarily incapacitant ailment, manageable with behavioral as well as pharmacological measures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of a combination of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, calcium, thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin (Group A) (nâ¯=â¯170) and extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) (Group B) (nâ¯=â¯165) in the management of chronic complaints consistent with motion sickness. Methods: Both groups were tested according to the following end points, under self-paired as well as comparative study designs: reduction of ≥20 score points in the total motion sickness assessment questionnaire (MSAQ) score, percentage of patients presenting a reduction of the total MSAQ score, absolute MSAQ score reduction, physician's assessment scores, final overall assessment of study medication, and willingness to continue treatment. Safety was also evaluated. Results: There was a statistically significant better performance under both study designs for Group A (Pâ¯=â¯0.05 using different statistical tests) in all end points. Both regimens were safe, with different neurological and gastrointestinal tolerability outcomes. Conclusions: Group A and Group B regimens were effective and safe in the management of chronic complaints consistent with motion sickness and the Group A regimen was more effective than Group B.
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Mycotoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by groups of filamentous fungi that colonize food crops. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are among the most relevant agricultural mycotoxins, as they can induce various toxic processes in humans and animals. To detect AFB1, OTA and FB1 in the most varied matrices, chromatographic and immunological methods are primarily used; however, these techniques are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we demonstrate that unitary alphatoxin nanopore can be used to detect and differentiate these mycotoxins in aqueous solution. The presence of AFB1, OTA or FB1 inside the nanopore induces reversible blockage of the ionic current flowing through the nanopore, with distinct characteristics of blockage that are unique to each of the three toxins. The process of discrimination is based on the residual current ratio calculation and analysis of the residence time of each mycotoxin inside the unitary nanopore. Using a single alphatoxin nanopore, the mycotoxins could be detected at the nanomolar level, indicating that alphatoxin nanopore is a promising molecular tool for discriminatory analysis of mycotoxins in aqueous solution.
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Aflatoxinas , Fumonisinas , Micotoxinas , Nanoporos , Ocratoxinas , Animais , Humanos , Ocratoxinas/análise , Fumonisinas/toxicidade , Aflatoxinas/análise , Micotoxinas/análise , Aflatoxina B1/análiseRESUMO
Resumo Introdução A febre maculosa é uma doença infecciosa aguda causada por bactérias do gênero Rickettsia e transmitida por carrapatos que pode levar à hospitalização e, eventualmente, a óbito por causa de quadros mais graves. Objetivo O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever o cenário epidemiológico da doença nas três unidades federativas de maior número de notificações e óbitos pela doença no Brasil entre 2007 e 2016. Método Estudo epidemiológico descritivo com base nos dados das fichas de investigação para a doença, sendo analisados dados demográficos, geográficos, ambientais e de hospitalização, diagnóstico e desfecho dos casos na área de estudo. Resultados Foram confirmados 953 casos da doença, em sua maioria por critérios laboratoriais, sendo observada maior prevalência entre homens com idade média de 35 anos, pouco relacionados ao ambiente de trabalho, mas amplamente relacionados ao meio urbano. Do total de casos confirmados, 64% pacientes afirmaram ter tido algum contato com carrapato, assim como com cães (36%), capivaras (20%) e equinos (19%). Conclusão Existem questionamentos a respeito da doença que não foram elucidados neste artigo, entretanto abordagens criativas, validadas e ancoradas na associação de áreas de conhecimento distintas poderão dar bons resultados se objetivamente aplicadas em ações estratégicas da gestão da saúde.
Abstract Background Spotted fever is an acute infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia and transmitted by ticks, which can lead to hospitalization and, eventually, death due to more severe conditions. Objective The purpose of this article was to describe the epidemiological scenario of the disease in the three federal states with the highest number of notifications and deaths due to the disease in Brazil between 2007 and 2016. Method A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out based on data from the investigation forms for the disease, with data being analyzed on demographic, geographic, environmental, and hospitalization, diagnosis, and outcome of cases in the study area. Results 953 cases of the disease were confirmed, mostly by laboratory criteria, with a higher prevalence being observed among men with an average age of 35 years, little related to the work environment, but largely related to the urban environment. Of the total confirmed cases, 64% of patients said that they had had some contact with ticks, as well as with dogs (36%), capybaras (20%), and horses (19%). Conclusion We believe that there are questions about the disease that were not elucidated in this article, however, creative approaches, validated and anchored in the association of different areas of knowledge can give good results if objectively applied in strategic health management actions.
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Spotted fever rickettsiosis is a zoonosis transmitted by ticks, having a varied clinical course that can lead to death if not managed properly. In Brazil it is more commonly observed in the Southeast, being an emerging public health problem. Hazard mapping models are common in different areas of knowledge, including public health, as a way of inferring reality and seeking to reduce or prevent damage. The aim of this study is to offer a spatial heuristic methodology for assessing the potential risk of transmission of spotted fever in the Rio de Janeiro state, located in the southeastern region of Brazil. For this, we used geospatial tools associated with eco-epidemiological data related to the clinical profile of the disease. The results achieved were substantially encouraging, considering that there are territories with greater or lesser expectation of risk for spotted fever in the study area. We observed that there are important distinctions between the two rickettsiosis scenarios in the same geographic space and that the areas where there is a greater potential risk of contracting rickettsiosis coincide with the administrative regions that concentrated the cases of hospitalization and deaths from the disease, concluding that the scenery found are relevant to the case series for the disease and that the planning of surveillance actions can gain in quality if the use of this spatial analysis tool is incorporated into the routine of local health management.
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Infecções por Rickettsia , Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa , Carrapatos , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa/epidemiologiaRESUMO
MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) modulates gene expression and demonstrates high structural conservation and wide expression in the central nervous system. Bioinformatics analysis predicts almost 100 ion channels, membrane transporters and receptors, including genes linked to primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), as possible miR-9-5p targets. PFBC is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by bilateral and symmetrical calcifications in the brain, associated with motor and behavioral disturbances. In this work, we seek to study the influence of miR-9-5p in regulating genes involved in PFBC, in an osteogenic differentiation model with SaOs-2 cells. During the induced calcification process, solute carrier family 20 member 2 (SLC20A2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) were downregulated, while platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFB) showed no significant changes. Significantly decreased levels of SLC20A2 and PDGFRB were caused by the presence of miR-9-5p, while PDGFB showed no regulation. We confirmed the findings using an miR-9-5p inhibitor and also probed the cells in electrophysiological analysis to assess whether such microRNA might affect a broader range of ion channels, membrane transporters and receptors. Our electrophysiological data show that an increase of the miR-9-5p in SaOs-2 cells decreased the density and amplitude of the output ionic currents, indicating that it may influence the activity, and perhaps the expression, of some ionic channels. Additional investigations should determine whether such an effect is specific to miR-9-5p, and whether it could be used, together with the miR-9-5p inhibitor, as a therapeutic or diagnostic tool.
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Encefalopatias/metabolismo , Calcinose/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Proteínas Cotransportadoras de Sódio-Fosfato Tipo III/metabolismo , Potenciais de Ação , Encefalopatias/genética , Calcinose/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-sis/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-sis/metabolismo , Proteínas Cotransportadoras de Sódio-Fosfato Tipo III/genéticaRESUMO
Mastitis is a bacterial infection that affects all lactating mammals, and in dairy cattle, it leads to a reduction in their milk production and, in worse cases, it may lead to animal death. One viable therapeutic modality for overcoming bacterial resistance can be photodynamic inactivation (PDI), a therapeutic modality for bacterial infection treatment. One of the main factors that can lead to an efficient PDI process is the association of metallic nanoparticles in the close vicinity of photosensitizers, which has shown promising results due to localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena. In this work, methylene blue (MB) molecules were associated with Ag prismatic nanoplatelets (AgNPrs) to use as PDI photosensitizer against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bubaline mastitis. The optical plasmonic activity of AgNPrs was tuned to the MB absorption region (600-700 nm) by inducing their growth into prismatic shapes by a seed-mediated procedure, using poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) as the surfactant. A simulation on the plasmonic properties of the nanoprisms, applying particle size within the dimensions determined by TEM image analysis (d = 32 ± 6 nm), showed a 30 % increase of the incident field on the prismatic tips. Photodynamic results showed that the electrostatic AgNPr-MB conjugates promoted enhancement (ca. 15 %) of the reactive oxygen species production. Besides, PDI mediated by AgNPrs-MB led to the complete inactivation of the mastitis S. aureus strain after 6 min inactivation, in contrast to PDI mediated by MB, which reduced less than a 0.5 bacterial log. Thus, the results show this plasmonic enhanced photodynamic tool's potential to be applied in the inactivation of multi-resistant bacterial strains.
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Mastite , Fotoquimioterapia , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactação , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Prata/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
Copaiba oil is a natural product used by Amazonian populations and recognized for its medicinal properties because it has significant antimicrobial activity for several pathogenic microorganisms. The present work aimed to evaluate and characterize the effect of natural oil produced by copaiba - Copaifera multijuga against multiresistant isolates of bubaline mastitis. The nitrocefin test was performed with isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from bubaline mastitis, which were 100% positive for beta-lactamase enzyme detection. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 25% to 3.12% was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli and 50% and 25% for S. aureus, but Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis were resistant. MBC with 12.5% and 6.25% oil were obtained for most multiresistant bubaline mastitis isolates from the states of Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia and Alagoas. The results demonstrated the great potential of using copaiba natural oil in the treatment of buffalo mastitis.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Fabaceae , Mastite , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/veterinária , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Motion sickness can be triggered in a variety of situations and is characterized primarily by nausea and vomiting. Ginger is widely used in treating conditions including chemotherapy-associated gastrointestinal symptoms, morning sickness, postoperative nausea, and motion sickness. OBJECTIVES: The primary study objective was to evaluate Zingiber officinale extract in the treatment of motion sickness. Secondary objectives were to evaluate treatment effect on Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) score and subscores before and after treatment, and to evaluate treatment tolerability. METHODS: Open-label, single-arm study assessing motion sickness outcomes with and without pre-travel oral treatment with Zingiber officinale 160 mg extract (containing 8 mg gingerols). All patients answered the MSAQ on 4 separate occasions following a trip of at least 15 minutes in duration: Trip 1 (pretreatment) and Trips 2, 3, and 4 (after oral treatment with study medication). The primary end point was percentage of patients presenting improvement ≥20 score points on the MSAQ during Trip 2, Trip 3, and Trip 4 in comparison to pretreatment score (Trip 1). Secondary end points included percentage of patients presenting improvement in MSAQ subscores during Trips 2, 3, and 4; percentage of patients presenting treatment-related adverse events; and pre- and posttreatment physician assessment scores. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-four patients were included and 174 completed treatment. A reduction of ≥20 points in total MSAQ score points occurred in 26.52%, 29.89%, and 29.31% of patients from Trips 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There was no significant difference at Trips 2, 3, and 4 in number of patients presenting improvement ≥20 score points (Pâ¯=â¯0.9579). There was a significant reduction in total MSAQ scores from Trips 2, 3, and 4 (P < 0.0001) compared with Trip 1. Total MSAQ scores did not vary at each trip taken under treatment (Pâ¯=â¯0.28). There were significant (P < .001) improvements in all domain subscores from Trips 2, 3, and 4 in relation to scores from Trip 1. There was a significant improvement in physician assessment scores at Visit 2 (P < .0001). Adverse events were reported among 31 patients, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal system. Twenty-four patients (13.04%) reported 39 adverse events considered related to treatment. No significant change in physical exam was noted at Visit 2 in relation to Visit 1. CONCLUSIONS: These open label, historically controlled study results suggest the need for randomized, blinded, placebo and active substance controlled clinical trials. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2020; 81:XXX-XXX).
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Introduction: Since photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) favors in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) preconditioning before MSC transplantation, increasing the proliferation of these cells without molecular injuries by conserving their characteristics, in the present in vitro study we analyzed the effect of PBMT on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Methods: Irradiation with an InGaAIP Laser (660 nm, 10 mW, 2.5 J/cm2 , 0.08 cm2 spot size, and 10 s) was carried out. The cells were divided into four groups: CONTROL [cells grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)], OSTEO (cells grown in an osteogenic medium); PBMT (cells grown in DMEM+PBMT), and OSTEO+PBMT (cells grown in an osteogenic medium plus PBMT). The cell proliferation curve was obtained over periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by the formation of calcium nodules over periods of 7, 14 and 21 days. Morphometric analysis was performed to quantify the total area of nodular calcification. Results: The highest cell proliferation and cell differentiation occurred in the OSTEO+PBMT group, followed by the PBMT, OSTEO and CONTROL groups respectively, at the observed times (P <0.05). Conclusion: PBMT enhanced the osteogenic proliferation and the differentiation of hUCMSCs during the periods tested, without causing damage to the cells and preserving their specific characteristics, a fact that may represent an innovative pretreatment in the application of stem cells.
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A acumulação de animais é considerada um fenômeno complexo que, apesar de já ser reconhecido no universo acadêmico, ainda é de difícil solução para a gestão da saúde. Os estudos a respeito de acumulação, principalmente de animais, são incipientes no Brasil. Este artigo de revisão da literatura tem por objetivo alertar a respeito desta complexa morbidade, cada vez mais comum às aglomerações urbanas, indicando ações de promoção e de vigilância em saúde que permitam garantir a saúde dos animais, do acumulador e da coletividade a qual ele pertença. Sugere-se que uma nova abordagem em relação ao distúrbio de acumulação de animais possa combater a pouca visibilidade - inclusive acadêmica - demonstrada na revisão da literatura, ampliando o investimento em intervenções específicas que possam explicitar esse importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil.
Animal accumulation is considered a complex phenomenon that, although recognized in the academic universe, is still difficult to solve for health management. Studies on accumulation, mainly of animals, are incipient in Brazil. This literature review article aims to warn about this complex morbidity, which is increasingly common to urban agglomerations, indicating health promotion and surveillance actions to ensure the health of animals, the accumulator and the community to which it belongs. It is suggested that a new approach to animal accumulation disorder may counteract the poor - including academic - visibility demonstrated in the literature review, increasing investment in specific interventions that may explain this important public health problem in Brazil.
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Humanos , Animais de Estimação , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Transtorno de Acumulação , Autonegligência , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since 1985, the author has been using the single central block technique for breast reduction and mastopexy, prioritizing the good relation between the final breast shape and the length of the scars, different from other authors who emphasize only the shape of the breast (Peixoto in Plast Reconstr Surg 65(2):217-225, 1980; Aesthet Plast Surg 8:231-236, 1984) and others who have drawn attention to the length of the scars (Arié in Rev Latinoam Cir Plast 3:23-31, 1957; Bozola in Plast Reconstr Surg 85:728-738, 1990; Sepúlveda in Rev Bras Cir 71(1):11-18, 1981). In this study, the author describes the use of a single central block of the mammary tissue and the nipple-areolar complex (NAC), dissected from the skin flaps and based on the superior vascular pedicle for reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy (Erfon et al. in Annals of the international symposium recent advances in plastic surgery, São Paulo, 1989; Hinderer (ed) Plastic surgery, Elsevier, Madrid, 1992; Proceedings of the 65th annual scientific meeting of the American society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons, Dallas, 1996). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed, evaluating patients who underwent breast reduction and mastopexy using the single central block technique from July 1985 to December 2018 by a senior author. RESULTS: A total of 2097 procedures were performed using this technique, 1556 being reduction mammoplasties and 541 mastopexies. The mean patient age was 44, and the mean weight of tissue resected was 455 g. Fat necrosis on the distal area of the flap was observed in 47 cases (2.24%). Hematoma was observed in 6 patients (0.28%). Surgical revisions were undertaken in 75 patients (3.57%). Hypertrophic scars occurred in 12 of the cases (0.57%). Dehiscence in the inverted "T" scars occurred in 78 of the surgeries (3.71%). CONCLUSIONS: This technique allows the surgeon to easily form a good cone shape of the breast, repositioning the NAC and preserving its vascularization and sensation without tension on the skin flaps sutures, resulting in smaller and better scars. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Mamoplastia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mamilos/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: Analisar o tratamento de queimaduras em fase aguda, conduta clínica, cirúrgica e uso de matriz de regeneração dérmica (MRD) em criança internada na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (UQ-HRAN), Brasília-DF. Relato do Caso: D.M.R., 2 anos e 7 meses, masculino, vítima de queimadura por chama direta, 60% de superfície corporal acometida, 50% sendo de espessura total. Atendido inicialmente segundo Protocolo de Rotinas da UQ-HRAN, entretanto, evoluiu com piora clínica, necessitando de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva pediátrica, por 58 dias. Neste período, foi submetido a 2 escarotomias, 3 desbridamentos e 10 hemotransfusões, apresentou infecções nas áreas queimadas e variados esquemas antibióticos. Tendo em vista a extensão de áreas acometidas, restrição de áreas doadoras viáveis e impossibilidade de outros curativos, optou-se pelo implante de MRD no 16° dia de internação e, após a integração, foram realizadas 6 enxertias cutâneas. Recebeu alta no 118° dia de internação. Conclusão: Houve necessidade de assistência clínica e cuidados intensivos, além de utilização de técnica cirúrgica com implante de MRD em grande queimado agudo. Sendo assim, a MRD teve como objetivo proporcionar leito receptor de qualidade, associado a maior integração para enxertia cutânea futura, pois a carência de áreas doadoras o colocaria em risco de vida maior. Esse conjunto de fatores contribuiu para o sucesso do tratamento e a boa recuperação da criança.
Objective: To analyze the treatment of burn in acute-phase using clinical, surgical management and use of dermal regeneration matrix (DRM) in a child hospitalized at the Burn Unit of Asa Norte Regional Hospital (BU-ANRH), Brasília-DF. Case Report: D.M.R., 2 years and 7 months old, male, victim of direct fire, 60% of body surface affected, 50% full-thickness. Initially treated according to the BU-ANRH Routine Protocol, however, evolved to clinical decline, requiring a pediatric Intensive Care Therapy for 58 days. During this period, he underwent two escharotomies, three debridements and 10 blood transfusions. He exhibited infection in burned areas and used multiple antibiotic schemes. Due to the extension of affected surface, restriction of viable donor zone and unusable of other bandages, DRM was implanted on the 16th day of hospitalization and integration, he has done six cutaneous grafting. He was discharged on the 118th day of hospitalization. Conclusion: Clinical and intensive care were needed, besides the use of surgical technique with DRM implantation in a large acute burn. Thus, DRM has had as a goal to provide quality receptor bed, associated with greater integration for future cutaneous grafting, since the lack of donor areas would put it at greater risk of life. This set of factors contributed to the success of the treatment and the good recovery of the child.
Objetivo: Analizar el tratamiento de quemaduras en fase aguda, conducta médica clínica, quirúrgica y uso de matriz de regeneración dérmica (MRD) en niño internado en la Unidad de Quemados del Hospital Regional de Asa Norte (UQ-HRAN), Brasília-DF. Reporte de Caso: D.M.R., 2 años y 7 meses, masculino, víctima de quemadura de llama directa, 60% de la superficie del cuerpo afectada, 50% del espesor total. Inicialmente tratado de acuerdo con el Protocolo de Rutina UQ-HRAN, sin embargo, evolucionó con un empeoramiento clínico, necesitando cuidados en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva pediátrica durante 58 días. Durante este período, fue sometido a 2 escarotomías, 3 desbridamientos y 10 transfusiones de sangre. Presentó infecciones en zonas quemadas y variados esquemas antibióticos. Debido a la extensión de las áreas afectadas, la restricción de las áreas viables de los donantes y la imposibilidad de otros curativos, se optó por el implante de MRD en el 16° día de internación y después de la integración, se realizaron 6 injertos cutáneos. Recibió alta en el 118° día de internación. Conclusión: Hubo necesidad de asistencia clínica y cuidados intensivos, además de utilización de técnica quirúrgica con implante de MRD en gran quemado agudo. Por lo tanto, la MRD tuvo como objetivo proporcionar lecho receptor de calidad, asociado a la mayor integración para el injerto cutáneo futuro, pues la carencia de áreas donantes lo pondría en mayor riesgo de vida. Este conjunto de factores, contribuyó al éxito del tratamiento y la buena recuperación del niño.
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Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Queimaduras/terapia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Transplante de Pele/instrumentação , Pele Artificial/provisão & distribuiçãoRESUMO
Bacteria-synthesized polysaccharides have attracted interest for biomedical applications as promising biomaterials to be used as implants and scaffolds. The present study tested the hypothesis that cellulose exopolysaccharide (CEC) produced from sugarcane molasses of low cost and adequate purity would be suitable as a template for 2D and 3D neuron and/or astrocyte primary cultures, considering its low toxicity. CEC biocompatibility in these primary cultures was evaluated with respect to cell viability, adhesion, growth and cell function (calcium imaging). Polystyrene or Matrigel® matrix were used as comparative controls. We demonstrated that the properties of this CEC in the 2D or 3D configurations are suitable for differentiation of cortical astrocytes and neurons in single or mixed cultures. No toxicity was detected in neurons that showed NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx. Unlike other polysaccharides of bacterial synthesis, the CEC was efficient as a support even in the absence of surface conjugation with extracellular matrix proteins, maintaining physiological characteristics of cultured neural cells. These observations open up the perspective for development of a novel 3D biofunctional scaffold produced from bacterial cellulose and obtained from renewable sources whose residues are not pollutants. Its low cost and possibility to be manufactured in scale are also suitable for potential applications in regenerative medicine.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/citologia , Neurônios/patologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Cultura Primária de Células , Saccharum/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Cálcio/química , Adesão Celular , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Coloides/química , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Hidrogéis/química , Imageamento Tridimensional , Imuno-Histoquímica , Melaço , N-Metilaspartato/química , Neurônios/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Mecânico , Engenharia Tecidual/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma antropozoonose causada pela Leishmania infantum que avança nos últimos trinta anos a passos largos em sentido ao ambiente urbano. Desde 1977 há registros da doença em áreas periféricas do município do Rio de Janeiro, entretanto em 2011 foi descrita no bairro do Caju por meio do diagnóstico do parasita em cães infectados e da captura de espécimes de seu principal vetor. OBJETIVO: Este artigo tem por objetivo divulgar o trabalho primário de captura e identificação entomológica destes espécimes que proporcionou ações de vigilância no primeiro foco ativo urbano de LV na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, citado recentemente em diversos estudos, mas ainda não publicizado em todos os seus detalhes. MÉTODOS: As armadilhas luminosas CDC adaptadas foram instaladas de forma setorizada em área circular de 1000 m de raio a partir do suposto ponto focal, das 17h00m às 07h00m da manhã seguinte, entre junho e setembro de 2011. RESULTADOS: Foram capturados 253 espécimes de Lutzomyia longipalpis, dos quais 63,1% na área do canil, considerado o foco primário de dispersão dos vetores. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados descritos corroboram com artigos que indicam a urbanização do principal vetor da LV, salientando a importância de estudos mais detalhados sobre o seu ciclo biológico urbano e a necessidade da mudança dos paradigmas da vigilância das leishmanioses no Brasil.
INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis, Visceral (LV) is an anthropozoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum that was advanced in the last thirty years in the urban environment. Since 1977 there are records of the disease in peripheral areas of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, however, in 2011 it was described in the Caju neighborhood by means of the diagnosis of the parasite in infected dogs and the capture of specimens of its main vector. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to disclose the primary work of entomological capture and identification of these specimens that provided surveillance actions in the first urban active focus of LV in the city of Rio de Janeiro, quoted recently in several studies, but not publicized in all its details. METHODS: The adapted CDC light traps were installed in a circular sector of 1000 m radius from the supposed focal point, from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. the following morning, between June and September 2011. RESULTS: A total of 253 specimens of Lutzomyia longipalpis were collected, 63.1% of which in the kennel area, considered the primary focus of dispersion of the vectors. CONCLUSION: The results described corroborate articles indicating the urbanization of the main vector of LV, stressing the importance of more detailed studies of its urban life cycle and the need of the changing paradigms of leishmaniasis surveillance in Brazil.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Psychodidae/patogenicidade , Urbanização , Entomologia , Vigilância Sanitária Ambiental , Leishmaniose Visceral/transmissãoRESUMO
Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids modulate epigenetic changes critical to genesis and differentiation of neural cells. Conversely, maternal protein-malnutrition can negatively modify these changes. This study investigated whether a low n-6/n-3 ratio in a maternal diet could favor histone-3 (H3) modifications, gene transcription and differentiation in the offspring neural cells even under protein-deficiency. Female rats fed a control (Ct), or 3 types of multideficient diets differing in protein levels or linoleic/alpha-linolenic fatty acid ratios (RBD, RBD-C, RBD-SO) from 30 days prior to mating and during pregnancy. Cerebral cortex tissue and cortical cultures of progeny embryonic neurons and postnatal astrocytes were analyzed. H3K9 acetylation and H3K27 or H3K4 di-methylation levels were assessed by flow cytometry and/or immunocytochemistry. In astrocyte cultures and cortical tissue, the GFAP protein levels were assessed. Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene expression were evaluated in the cortical tissue. GFAP levels were similar in astrocytes of Ct, RBD and RBD-C, but 65% lower in RBD-SO group. Higher levels of H3K9Ac were found in the neurons and H3K4Me2 in the astrocytes of the RBD group. No intergroup difference in the cortical GDNF mRNA expression or the H3K27Me2 levels in astrocytes was detected. LIF mRNA levels were higher in the RDB (P=.002) or RBD-C (P=.004) groups than in the control. The findings indicate the importance of dietary n-3 availability for the brain, even under a protein-deficient condition, inducing Histone modifications and increasing LIF gene transcription, involved in neural cell differentiation and reactivity.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/farmacologia , Histonas/metabolismo , Fator Inibidor de Leucemia/genética , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Epigênese Genética , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/genética , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/metabolismo , Histonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Gravidez , RatosRESUMO
δ-Toxin is a 26 amino acid peptide capable of lysing several mammalian cell types and subcellular structures. Structurally, δ-toxin predominantly exhibits a α-helical secondary structure in membranes but, in aqueous solution, it adopts varying helical content. As no atomic-level data is available for this peptide in aqueous solutions and for the water-to-membrane transition, this work aims to characterize δ-toxin behavior in these conditions through molecular dynamics simulations in triplicates employing four different parameter sets. Our results, validated on previous experimental data, suggest that the peptide has from 4 to 16 residues folded as α-helix in aqueous solution, and a water-to-membrane foldamer comprising residues 14-18. Considering a previously proposed stable tetramer form in aqueous solutions, protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed, suggesting that δ-toxin increases its α-helical content in such organization. The obtained results are expected to contribute in future studies on δ-toxin aggregation and interaction to biomembranes.
Assuntos
Toxinas Bacterianas/química , Staphylococcus aureus/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Multimerização Proteica , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Soluções , ÁguaRESUMO
Quando se utiliza a denominação "negligência" em saúde infere-se que não faltem recursos financeiros para lidar com determinadas doenças ou que existam tratamentos disponíveis, mas que são doenças ignoradas apesar de representarem um potencial risco ou um dano já instalado à saúde pública. O negligenciamento de uma doença possui um duplo significado. O primeiro faz menção ao discurso clássico da negligência decorrente da falta de ação dos atores centrais da saúde pública: indústria farmacêutica, governo e sistema de saúde. Já o segundo, em intrincado e concomitante arranjo, diz respeito ao negligenciamento das populações correlacionadas à pobreza, desenvolvendo um círculo vicioso que acorrenta, pelo menos, um bilhão de pessoas em todo o planeta, segundo dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Esta identifica apenas 17 doenças denominadas "negligenciadas" e que afetam populações de maior vulnerabilidade econômica e social, apesar de não incluir a leptospirose uma zoonose emergente, endêmica e de incidência global. Tomando por proposta a ampliação do conceito de negligência em saúde, discute-se neste artigo o rompimento com o modelo hegemônico, levando-se em consideração o quanto desassistida seria a leptospirose como a antropozoonose de maior incidência mundial e com uma letalidade elevada em áreas de menor aporte econômico do planeta, apesar de não reconhecida em todo o seu potencial zoonótico por falta de dados confiáveis de carga de doença em populações humanas e animais.
When quoting the term "negligence" in a public health contextualization, the main inference is that we are neither dealing with lacking of financial resources, nor with available therapeutical management, but facing dissembled diseases, by professional staff which should be responsible for engaging forces to have them mitigated although representing a potential hazard or an already installed impairment to public health. The laxity of a disease has a dual meaning. First is the mention of a classic oversighting speech due to the main performer's lack of action: the pharmaceutical industry, the government and its health system. The second, with an intricate and concurrent arrangement, tells about the poor population management, producing a vicious circle that chains, leastwise a billion of souls worldwide. The World Health Organization only identifies 17 diseases called "neglected", which affects these vulnerable populations both socially and economically. Leptospirosis an emergent, endemic and globally incidence zoonosis was not included. Taking the magnification of the "neglected disease" concept as a proposal, we discuss the hegemonic model disruption; taking into consideration how unassisted is leptospirosis as a major global incidence disease with a high lethal coverage, especially in areas without an adequate economical influx, due to the lack of reliable data about this disease and its relationship with animal and human populations.
Assuntos
Humanos , Acesso à Informação , Doenças Negligenciadas , LeptospiroseRESUMO
A leptospirose é uma das zoonoses de maior incidência mundial, estimando-se que ocorramem torno de um milhão de casos e, possivelmente, 59.000 óbitos anualmente. Foi proposto ummodelo lógico que avaliasse os aspectos que permeiam o tema, por meio de revisão narrativada literatura indexada e de manuais técnicos, que despertassem a ideia da negligência paraesta doença no Brasil. Ao fomentar uma nova abordagem paradigmática, procurou-se refletir adificuldade em se realizar um diagnóstico mais atilado e precoce, em colaboração a um processode naturalização da subnotificação pelos que organizam, gerenciam e operam o Sistema de Saúde,e que influenciam negativamente no investimento na gestão da vigilância e controle da doença nopaís, tornando-se possível a manutenção do círculo vicioso para a negligência da leptospirose noBrasil.(AU)
Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread and incident zoonosis in the world, estimated tooccur around one million cases and possibly 59,000 deaths annually. A logical model to evaluatethe aspects that permeate the theme through the narrative review of indexed literature andtechnical manuals, it was proposed to awaken the idea of the neglect of this disease in Brazil.By fostering a new paradigm approach, it was considered the difficulty in performing a moresagacious and early diagnosis. This condition contributes to a process of naturalization ofunderreporting by those who organize, manage and operate the health system. And, directlyit causes negative impact on the investment for managing the disease surveillance and controlin the country, making it possible to maintain a vicious circle for neglecting leptospirosis in Brazil.(AU)