RESUMO
Abamectin (ABA) toxicity in fish, amphibian and mammals was already proven, but its effect on birds is almost unknown. Thus, the aim of our study is to assess the impact of exposure to water with ABA for 40â¯days at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations on the behavior of female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The three following experimental groups (nâ¯=â¯10 each) were set: "control", quails exposed to drinking water, without ABA, "EC1x" and "EC1000x" (0.31â¯mg a.i./L and 310.0 a.i./L, respectively; via commercial formulation Kraft® 36EC). The open field test showed anxiolytic response in birds exposed to ABA. These birds did not show locomotor changes or aggressive behavior in the aggressiveness test. Quails exposed to the pesticide did not react to the introduction of an object in the experimental box during the object recognition test, and it suggested perception deficit due to ABA. Moreover, these birds did not recognize the cat (Felix catus) and the vocalization of a hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) as potential predatory threats. These responses also suggest anti-predatory behavior deficit due to the pesticide. Thus, our study is pioneer in showing that water with ABA, at tested concentrations, influences the behavior of C. coturnix japonica, as well as in highlighting the potential impacts of this pesticide on this group of birds.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Coturnix/fisiologia , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Animais , Gatos , Feminino , Ivermectina/toxicidadeRESUMO
Although the toxic potential of tannery effluents (TE) is acknowledged, the impacts these residues have on mammals who intake water contaminated with this pollutant are not completely known. Thus, in order to broaden the knowledge about how these contaminants affect the biota, the aim of the current study is to assess different behavioral categories (e.g.: sexual odor preference, opposite-sex attraction, and sexual discrimination) related to the sexual motivation and pre-copulation of male Swiss mice subjected to TE intake for 30 days, at concentrations 0.8% and 22%. The animals were subjected to locomotor performance evaluation through the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), as well as to the open field (OF), odor preference (OPT), sexual orientation (SOT) and to scent marking tests (SMT) one week before the experiment ended. Our results evidenced that the treatments did not affect the animals' locomotor activity (in OF and BMS) or caused changes compatible to anxiogenic or anxiolytic behavior (in OF). However, mice exposed to TE (at both concentrations) presented discriminatory capacity deficit in the OPT test at the time to distinguish conspecific odors from the same sex, and from the opposite sex. They randomly explored (without preference) males and females, did not responded to stimuli in the SOT test, as well as did not appear capable of detecting female odor (in estrus phase) during the SMT. Thus, the current study was pioneer in evidencing that TE can influence the reproduction and the population dynamics of small rodents who intake water contaminated with the pollutant.