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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar em tomografias computadorizadas as dimensões dos tecidos periodontais supracrestais (TPSC). Cem pacientes, 600 dentes anteriores da maxila (200 incisivos centrais, 200 incisivos laterais e 200 caninos), foram avaliados. A distância média da margem gengival até a crista óssea alveolar (COA) foi de 3.25mm (95% IC: 3.20-3.30), enquanto que da junção cemento-esmalte até a COA foi de 1.77mm (95% IC: 1.72-182mm). As medidas foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos de dentes (ANOVA, p < 0.001). A tomografia, pode representar uma importante ferramenta para a avaliação das dimensões dos TPSC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensions of the supracrestal periodontal tissues (SPT) on tomographic scans. One hundred patients, 600 maxillary anterior teeth (200 central incisors, 200 lateral incisors and 200 canines), were evaluated. The average distance from the gingival margin to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) was 3.25mm (95% CI: 3.20-3.30), while the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to ABC was 1.77mm (95% CI: 1.72-182mm). The measurements were significantly different between the tooth groups (ANOVA, p < 0.001). When properly indicated, tomography can be an important tool for assessing the dimensions of TPSCs on a case-by-case basis.

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A hiperplasia hemimandibular é responsável por prejuízos estéticos, funcionais, motores e psicossociais. Com etiologia incerta, ocorre frente ao desequilíbrio de fatores regulatórios de crescimento presentes na camada cartilaginosa do côndilo. O relato objetiva descrever a tomada de decisões baseada em exames complementares específicos aliados à adequada intervenção cirúrgica da lesão. Paciente gênero feminino, 33 anos de idade, compareceu à clínica particular com queixa principal de "face assimétrica", foi requerido uma avaliação cintilográfica objetivando e confirmando a interrupção do crescimento condilar, descartando a hipótese de Osteocondroma e condilectomia. Após preparo ortodôntico prévio, os exames tomográficos foram utilizados na criação de um protótipo que foi impresso após a realização dos movimentos ósseos planejados. Mediante à reconstrução, foi concluído que a assimetria presente não seria totalmente corrigida somente através da intervenção ortognática, sendo necessária também uma osteotomia removendo parte da base do corpo e ângulo mandibular, através da confecção de um guia de corte, promovendo à reanatomização sem a necessidade de acesso extra oral submandibular, evitando uma cicatriz em face feminina. Paciente encontra-se em pós-operatório de 60 meses, sem queixas e satisfeita. Portanto, é evidenciado cada vez mais a influência positiva que o planejamento virtual pode trazer aos profissionais na otimização dos resultados cirúrgicos.

Hemimandibular hyperplasia is responsible for aesthetic, functional, motor, and psychosocial impairments. With an uncertain etiology, it occurs due to the imbalance of regulatory growth factors present in the cartilaginous layer of the condyle. The report aims to describe decision-making based on specific complementary exams combined with the appropriate surgical intervention for the condition. A 33-year-old female patient presented at a private clinic with the main complaint of "asymmetric face." A scintigraphic evaluation was requested to objectively confirm the interruption of condylar growth, ruling out the hypothesis of Osteochondroma and condylectomy. After prior orthodontic preparation, tomographic exams were used to create a prototype that was printed after planned bone movements. Through the reconstruction, it was concluded that the existing asymmetry would not be entirely corrected through orthognathic intervention alone, necessitating also an osteotomy to remove part of the base of the body and mandibular angle. This was done through the creation of a cutting guide, allowing for reanatomization without the need for submandibular extraoral access, thus avoiding a scar on the female face. The patient is 60 months postoperative, with no complaints and satisfied. Therefore, the increasingly positive influence of virtual planning on optimizing surgical outcomes for professionals is evident.

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Na odontologia a decisão do tratamento é exclusiva dos cirurgiões dentistas e suas percepções, incluindo filosofia de tratamento, fazendo com que a prática de novos conceitos, tratamentos ou técnicas dependam não apenas de sua lógica ou eficácia biológica. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros envolvidos na tomada de decisão de cirurgiões dentistas clínicos e especialistas para a realização do tratamento endodôntico em sessão única ou múltiplas sessões. Para tanto, este estudo contou com uma coleta de dados através de um questionário online, aplicado cirurgiões dentistas clínicos gerais e especialistas em endodontia. As respostas foram tabuladas e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos endodontistas e dos clínicos gerais prefere realizar tratamento endodôntico em sessão única, devido ao menor desperdício de material, além do melhor domínio da anatomia e tratamento em um único momento. O motivo mais comum para os endodontistas e clínicos gerais escolherem o tratamento com múltiplas visitas é para dentes com prognóstico duvidoso e os casos em que o profissional aguarda a remissão dos sintomas antes da obturação. Em conclusão, a maioria dos endodontistas e dos clínicos gerais preferiu realizar tratamento endodôntico em sessão única.

In dentistry, treatment decisions are made exclusively by dental surgeons and their perceptions, including treatment philosophy, which means that the practice of new concepts, treatments or techniques depends not only on their logic or biological efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters involved in clinical and specialist dental surgeons' decision to carry out endodontic treatment in single or multiple sessions. To this end, data was collected using an online questionnaire administered to general dental surgeons and endodontic specialists. The answers were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that the majority of endodontists and general practitioners prefer to carry out endodontic treatment in a single session, due to less wastage of material, as well as better mastery of the anatomy and treatment at a single time. The most common reason for endodontists and general practitioners to choose treatment with multiple visits is for teeth with a doubtful prognosis and cases in which the professional is waiting for symptoms to remit before filling. In conclusion, the majority of endodontists and general practitioners preferred to carry out endodontic treatment in a single session.

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A ansiedade desempenha um papel significativo na experiência de tratamentos odontológicos e pode resultar em evasão por parte dos pacientes. Isso é especialmente relevante para grupos como pacientes pediátricos e aqueles com necessidades especiais, que muitas vezes requerem técnicas de controle de comportamento ou sedação devido à ansiedade. No entanto, a ansiedade não deve ser negligenciada mesmo em pacientes sem odontofobia grave, pois está relacionada à percepção da dor durante os procedimentos odontológicos. A sedação consciente com óxido nitroso surge como uma alternativa valiosa para reduzir a ansiedade e melhorar o conforto do paciente. Ao contrário dos benzodiazepínicos e da anestesia geral, o óxido nitroso atua no sistema nervoso de uma forma que deprime levemente o córtex cerebral, sem afetar o centro respiratório. Isso permite o uso de concentrações subanestésicas do gás, administradas com oxigênio por meio de uma máscara nasal. O óxido nitroso é de rápida ação, pouco solúvel e tem um período de recuperação breve, permitindo que os pacientes retornem rapidamente às atividades normais. Este estudo, uma revisão de literatura, explora o mecanismo de ação do óxido nitroso, suas indicações na prática odontológica e examina possíveis riscos e contraindicações associados ao seu uso. Em resumo, a sedação consciente com óxido nitroso se mostra como uma opção promissora para aliviar a ansiedade e melhorar a experiência de tratamentos odontológicos, beneficiando uma ampla gama de pacientes, não apenas aqueles com fobias graves.

Anxiety, in an outpatient dental environment, plays a fundamental role in pain and discomfort expectation, resulting in increase of treatment evasion. The groups that present greater difficulty in cooperation are children and special needs patients, with behavioral control and sedation being often necessary. Nevertheless, literature emphasizes that anxiety must be evaluated as a critical stage and its management done not only in patients with elevated anxiety levels, but being crucial on pain control of every dental patient, since higher grades of restlessness equals higher pain perception. It is known that the use of nitrous oxide in conscious sedation proves to be an useful tool on reducing anxiety and enabling comfortable interventions, indicating that it is an alternative to the use of benzodiazepines and general anesthesia. The drug acts on the nervous system, promoting a slight depression of the cerebral cortex and, unlike benzodiazepines, which act at the medulla level, it does not depress the respiratory center. The technique uses sub-anesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide delivered with oxygen through a nasal mask. Nitrous oxide is poorly soluble and has a rapid onset of action, being therefore associated with a rapid recovery period. The duration of sedation is controlled and the patient can quickly return to normal activities. This paper is a narrative review with the objective of exploring the mechanism of action of this gas, evaluating its indications for use in dental clinic and verifying possible risks and contraindications.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the perception and degree of satisfaction of blind individuals regarding an electronic cane prototype with a wearable haptic interface. Methods: Two scenarios with different obstacles were created to conduct tests with the canes (the user's cane and the prototype one). The perception and satisfaction of participants regarding the electronic cane were assessed using a questionnaire, the number of collisions during the tests, and the time each individual took to complete the course in each scenario. Results: Ten blind individuals who used the white cane participated in this study. Eight were males, and two were females. Their age ranged from 23 to 43 (average 32.3 ± 7.13 years and median 32 years). There was a tendency for fewer collisions with ground obstacles when the electronic cane was used than when the white cane was used. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the number of collisions and the course completion time in each scenario with either canes tested. Conclusion: Overall, the perception and satisfaction of individuals regarding the prototype used were positive.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the genotype-phenotype correlation between karyotype results and the neurological and psychiatric alterations presented in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 10/140 patients with TS and neurophysiological abnormalities seen at a university hospital in southern Brazil. In addition, a literature review spanning the period from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2023 was carried out using the PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases. Results: Our study showed a potential correlation between neurological and psychiatric alterations in patients with TS. These findings are in accordance with those described in literature such as a high prevalence of learning or intellectual disabilities. However, our sample found more seizure episodes than those reported in other studies. Conclusions: The correlation established could be due to X chromosome dose-effect, as the review suggests that sex chromosome number and hormonal development can be associated with verbal, social, and cognitive skills or impairments.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a correlação genótipo-fenótipo entre os resultados de cariótipos e as alterações neurológicas e psiquiátricas apresentadas em pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST). Métodos: Um estudo retrospectivo foi conduzido nos registros médicos de 10/140 pacientes com ST e deficiências neuropsicológicas atendidos pelo Serviço de Genética Clínica de um hospital do sul do Brasil. Ademais, uma revisão foi realizada pelas plataformas científicas PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) de artigos publicados entre 1o de janeiro de 2012 e 1o de janeiro de 2023. Foram selecionados 14 artigos em uma análise em duas etapas. Resultados: Nossa pesquisa mostrou potencial correlação entre alterações neurológicas e psiquiátricas em pacientes com ST. Esses achados corroboram os descritos por outros autores — como a elevada prevalência de dificuldades de aprendizagem ou intelectuais. Entretanto, nossa amostra encontrou mais episódios convulsivos do que os descritos em outros estudos. Conclusões: A correlação estabelecida pode ser devida ao efeito dose-dependente do cromossomo X, visto que nossa revisão sugere que o número de cromossomos sexuais ou o desenvolvimento hormonal está associado a habilidades ou deficiências verbais, sociais e cognitivas.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the phases of a decannulation protocol and the results from its application in hospitalized children. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study. Data were collected from medical records of decannulated patients followed up in a pediatric hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais between 2011 and 2021. Results: Among the children followed up in the service (n=526), 23% (n=120) were successfully decannulated. Children aged between 2 months and 16 years, with a mean age of 4 years, 69% of whom were male, were evaluated. About 75% of the patients have tracheostomy due to upper airway obstruction and 60% of these due to acquired subglottic stenosis. At the beginning of the decannulation protocol, 5.5% of the patients had moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia, while 80.4% had normal swallowing. Correction in the upper airway pre-decannulation was performed in 39.5% of the patients, dilation in 63.8%, and endoscopic correction was performed in 55.3%. After performing the decannulation, none of the patients had complications. Conclusions: The described decannulation protocol is safe, since no complications such as death and need for recannulation happened.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as etapas de um protocolo de decanulação e os resultados da aplicação desse protocolo em crianças hospitalizadas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários de pacientes decanulados acompanhados em um hospital pediátrico de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, entre 2011 e 2021. Resultados: Foram analisadas 120 crianças com idade entre dois meses e 16 anos, com média de idade de quatro anos, 69% das quais eram do sexo masculino. Cerca de 75% dos pacientes apresentam traqueostomia por obstrução de vias aéreas superiores e 60% destes por estenose subglótica adquirida. No início do protocolo de decanulação, 5,5% dos pacientes apresentavam disfagia orofaríngea moderada, enquanto 80,4% apresentavam deglutição normal. A correção da pré-decanulação das vias aéreas superiores foi realizada em 39,5% dos pacientes, a dilatação em 63,8% e a correção endoscópica em 55,3%. Após a realização da decanulação, nenhum paciente apresentou complicações. Conclusões: O protocolo de decanulação descrito é seguro, pois a taxa de complicações como óbito e a necessidade de recanulação foi ausente.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction between micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: We included patients with primary open angle glaucoma with at least 12 months of follow-up. We collected and analyzed data on the preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes. The primary outcomes were a reduction of ≥20% of the baseline value (criterion A) and/or intraocular pressure between 6 and 21 mmHg (criterion B). Results: We included 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 25.53 ± 6.40 and 35.02 ± 12.57 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean intraocular pressure was reduced significantly to 14.33 ± 3.40 and 15.37 ± 5.85 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups at the last follow-up, respectively (p=0.110). The mean intraocular pressure reduction at 12 months was 11.20 ± 11.46 and 19.65 ± 13.22 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The median preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.52 ± 0.69 and 1.75 ± 1.04 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean visual acuity variation was −0.10 ± 0.35 and −0.074 ± 0.16 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p=0.510). Preoperatively, the mean eye drops were 3.44 ± 1.38 and 2.89 ± 0.68 drugs in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p=0.017), but those were 2.06 ± 1.42 and 1.02 ± 1.46 at the end of the study in the "slow cook" and micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The success of criterion A was not significant between both groups. Compared with 11 eyes (17.74%) in the "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group, 19 eyes (28.78%) in the micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group showed complete success (p=0.171). For criterion B, 28 (42.42%) and 2 eyes (3.22%) showed complete success after micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both techniques reduced intraocular pressure effectively.

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Introdução: O presente estudo visa descrever as condições de saúde mental mais prevalentes na população de rua em um grande centro urbano brasileiro. Objetivo: Descrever as condições de saúde mental mais prevalentes na população de moradores de rua em um grande centro urbano brasileiro. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal realizado nas regiões centrais e periferias da cidade de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. Para a descrição dos transtornos psiquiátricos utilizamos o Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) para sintomas depressivos, item 9 do Inventário de Depressão de Beck para ideação suicida, pergunta autorreferida para uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas e item 3 do PHQ-9 para qualidade do sono. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 44,54 (desvio padrão ­ DP=12,63) anos, e a maioria era do sexo masculino (n=342; 75%). Quanto à frequência de transtornos psiquiátricos identificados, 49,6% (n=226) dos participantes apresentaram sintomas depressivos, 29,8% (n=136) exibiram ideação suicida, 55,7% (n=254) informaram uso de álcool semanalmente, 34,2% (n=156) informaram usar drogas ilícitas semanalmente e 62,3% (n=284) tinham problemas com sono. Conclusões: A prevalência de condições que afetam a saúde mental entre os participantes é alta. Estes resultados poderão auxiliar profissionais de saúde na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento nessa população, pouco estudada.

Introduction: The present study aims to describe the most prevalent mental health conditions in the homeless population in a large Brazilian urban center. Objective: To describe the most prevalent mental health conditions in the population of homeless people in a large Brazilian urban center. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the central and periphery regions of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. For the description of psychiatric disorders, the following instruments were used: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory for suicidal ideation, the self-reported question for the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and item 3 of the PHQ-9 for sleep quality. Results: The mean age of participants was 44.54 (Standard Deviation=12.63) years, and most were men (n=342; 75%). Regarding the frequency of the identified psychiatric disorders, 49.6% (n=226) of the participants had depressive symptoms, 29.8% (n=136) had suicidal ideation, 55.7% (n=254) reported weekly alcohol use, 34.2% (n=156) reported using illicit drugs weekly, and 62.3% (n=284) had sleep problems. Conclusions: The prevalence of conditions that affect mental health among participants is high. These results may help health professionals to develop prevention and treatment strategies for this understudied population.

Introducción: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir las condiciones de salud mental más prevalentes en la población sin hogar en un gran centro urbano brasileño. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de salud mental más prevalentes en la población de personas sin hogar en un gran centro urbano brasileño. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en las regiones central y periférica de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Para la descripción de los trastornos psiquiátricos se utilizó el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente - 9 (PHQ-9) para síntomas depresivos, el ítem 9 del Inventario de Depresión de Beck para ideación suicida, la pregunta autorreportada para uso de alcohol y drogas ilícitas y ítem 3 del PHQ-9 para la calidad del sueño. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 44,54 (DE=12,63) años, y la mayoría eran hombres (n=342; 75%). En cuanto a la frecuencia de los trastornos psiquiátricos identificados, el 49,6% (n=226) de los participantes presentaba síntomas depresivos, el 29,8% (n=136) tenía ideación suicida, el 55,7% (n=254) refería consumo semanal de alcohol, el 34,2% (n=156) refirió consumir drogas ilícitas semanalmente y el 62,3% (n=284) presentaba problemas de sueño. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de condiciones que afectan la salud mental entre los participantes es alta. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los profesionales de la salud a desarrollar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento para esta población poco estudiada.

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Resumo O artigo buscou realizar uma revisão sistemática acerca da literatura que versa sobre o movimento estudantil no Brasil, publicada entre 2015 e 2022, com o objetivo de quantificar artigos sobre essa temática e como a atuação da psicologia escolar no movimento estudantil secundarista brasileiro é abordada. A pesquisa foi realizada em 4 etapas: busca bibliográfica em 5 plataformas de periódicos, exclusão por título e de artigos duplicados, categorização dos estudos por área do conhecimento e análise dos artigos da área de Psicologia. O número total de artigos encontrados inicialmente foi 422 artigos. Após aplicar-se alguns critérios de inclusão e exclusão, realizamos a análise em 16 artigos. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se perceber a prevalência de pesquisas empíricas e qualitativas, estudando principalmente as ocupações secundaristas e experiências de construções de grêmios estudantis em escolas. Por fim, conclui-se que a temática estudada, ao se tratar de um fenômeno interdisciplinar, ainda é pouco explorada pela Psicologia. No entanto, os resultados obtidos na revisão, indicaram que é de fundamental importância a participação do estudante no processo político escolar, como materialização do objetivo que a escola tem na constituição de sujeitos em desenvolvimento aptos para atuarem em transformação social, ética e política.

Abstract The article sought to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the student movement in Brazil, published between 2015 and 2022, with the aim of quantifying articles on this subject and how the role of school psychology in the Brazilian secondary student movement is approached. The research was carried out in 4 stages: bibliographic search in 5 journal platforms, exclusion by title and duplicate articles, categorization of studies by area of knowledge and analysis of articles in the area of Psychology. The total number of articles initially found was 422. After applying some inclusion and exclusion criteria, we analyzed 16 articles. From the results obtained, it was possible to see the prevalence of empirical and qualitative research, mainly studying secondary school occupations and experiences of building student unions in schools. Finally, it can be concluded that the subject studied, being an interdisciplinary phenomenon, is still little explored by psychology. However, the results obtained in the review indicate that student participation in the school political process is of fundamental importance, as a materialization of the school's objective of creating developing subjects who are capable of acting in social, ethical and political transformation.

Resumen El artículo buscó realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el movimiento estudiantil en Brasil, publicada entre 2015 y 2022, con el objetivo de cuantificar los artículos sobre este tema y cómo se aborda el trabajo de la psicología escolar en el movimiento estudiantil secundario brasileño. La investigación se llevó a cabo en 4 etapas: búsqueda bibliográfica en 5 plataformas de revistas, exclusión por título y artículos duplicados, categorización de los estudios por área de conocimiento y análisis de los artículos en el campo de la Psicología. El número total de artículos encontrados inicialmente fue de 422. Tras aplicar algunos criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se analizaron 16 artículos. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se pudo constatar la prevalencia de investigaciones empíricas y cualitativas, principalmente estudiando las ocupaciones en la enseñanza secundaria y las experiencias de construcción de sindicatos estudiantiles en las escuelas. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el tema estudiado, por tratarse de un fenómeno interdisciplinario, aún es poco explorado por la psicología. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos en la revisión indican que la participación de los alumnos en el proceso político escolar es de fundamental importancia, como materialización del objetivo de la escuela de crear individuos en desarrollo, capaces de actuar en la transformación social, ética y política.

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Resumo Introdução: A amizade influencia positivamente o desenvolvimento humano. Todavia, pessoas com deficiencia enfrentam dificuldades para construir e manter esse vínculo. Este estudo objetiva explorar e analisar as redes de conhecimento da literatura sobre amizade e deficiencia de 2017 a 2022. Método: Utilizando critérios Prisma, a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. Os softwares VOSviewer e Pajek foram usados para construir e analisar as redes. Resultados: Foram analisados 68 artigos. Os Estados Unidos lideram em publicaçoes, entretanto o Reino Unido é mais influente na rede. As principais investigaçoes na área sao: transtorno do espectro autista, deficiencia intelectual, inclusao social, habilidades sociais e violencia contra a pessoa com deficiencia. Documentos influentes abordam análise temática em psicologia, amizade de pessoas com transtorno do espectro autista e deficiencia intelectual. Conclusões: Os mapas de conhecimento e análise de redes ajudam a explorar a literatura, o que permite compreender tendencias, estrutura intelectual base e correlações científicas.

Abstract Introduction: Friendship positively influences human development. However, people with disabilities face difficulties in building and maintaining this bond. This study aims to explore and analyze the knowledge networks in the literature on friendship and disabilities from 2017 to 2022. Method: Using PRISMA criteria, the search was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. VOSviewer and Pajek software were used to construct and analyze the networks. Results: Sixty-eight articles were analyzed. The United States leads in publications, but the United Kingdom is more influential in the network. The main research areas are autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, social inclusion, social skills, and violence against people with disabilities. Influential documents address thematic analysis in psychology, and friendship among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Conclusions: Knowledge maps and network analysis help explore the literature, allowing an understanding of trends, the foundational intellectual structure, and scientific correlations.

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O câncer, frequentemente relacionado ao envelhecimento, impulsiona pacientes a buscarem tratamento hospitalar ou métodos alternativos, como plantas medicinais. Este estudo visou avaliar os perfis sociodemográfico e clínico e o consumo de plantas para fins medicinais entre pacientes idosos em tratamento oncológico no Hospital Araújo Jorge (HAJ). Dados de 55 pacientes foram analisados, abrangendo informações sociodemográficas, tipos de câncer, tratamento, a utilização de plantas medicinais, o objetivo de uso, as fontes de informações sobre plantas e se notaram alguma reação adversa após o consumo. A faixa etária mais encontrada foi 61 a 70 anos (67,27%), a maioria dos pacientes eram homens (63,64%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (32,73%), casados (56,36%) e que moram no interior de Goiás (43,64%). Quanto ao tratamento, a maioria realizava quimioterapia (40,00%) e o câncer gástrico foi mais relatado (14,54%). Sobre o uso de plantas medicinais, a maioria relatou simpatizar com o consumo (58,18%), e acredita em sua segurança devido à origem natural (59,37%). Informações sobre o uso de plantas medicinais eram obtidas com amigos, vizinhos e familiares (21,81%). Ao relatar sobre o consumo de plantas medicinais durante a quimioterapia, a maioria não percebeu nenhum efeito (40,63%). Foram citadas 17 plantas, que eram utilizadas no tratamento anticâncer (29,00%) e preparadas como infusões (18,75%) pelo uso das folhas frescas (60,00%), principalmente para uso interno (46,87%). Diante disso, a atenção farmacêutica se mostra vital para guiar pacientes nas práticas seguras e eficazes de consumo. Isso inclui direcionar sobre doses adequadas, efeitos colaterais e interações, garantindo bem-estar e prevenindo riscos à saúde.

Cancer, which is often related to ageing, drives patients to seek hospital treatment or alternative methods such as medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical profile and the consumption of plants for medicinal purposes among elderly patients undergoing cancer treatment at the Araújo Jorge Hospital (AJH). Data from 55 patients was analyzed, covering sociodemographic information, types of cancer, treatment, the use of medicinal plants, the purpose of use, the source of information about plants and whether they noticed any adverse reactions after consumption. The most common age group was 61 to 70 years (67.27%), the majority of patients were men (63.64%), had incomplete primary education (32.73%), were married (56.36%) and lived in the interior of Goiás (43.63%). With regard to treatment, the majority were undergoing chemotherapy (40,00%) and gastric cancer was the most frequently reported (14.54%). With regard to the use of medicinal plants, the majority were sympathetic to their consumption (58.18%) and believed them to be safe due to their natural origin (59.37%). Information on the use of medicinal plants was obtained from friends, neighbors and family members (21.81%). When reporting on the consumption of medicinal plants during chemotherapy, the majority did not notice any effect (40.63%). Seventeen plants were mentioned, which were used for anticancer treatment (29,00%) and prepared as infusions (18.75%) with fresh leaves (60,00%), mainly for internal use (46.87%). In view of this, pharmaceutical care is vital to guide patients in safe and effective consumption practices. This includes guidance on appropriate doses, side effects and interactions, ensuring well-being and preventing health risks.

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This study constitutes the first record of parasitism and associations between bat flies ectoparasite of the Streblidae family and bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the São Francisco Forest State Park (SFFSP). The bats were captured using mist nets set up at various points along the park's visitor trail. Following collection, the bats were inspected for ectoparasites, which when found were collected with metal tweezers and stored in vials with 70% alcohol to be identified later. The captured bats were subjected to morphometrics so that the information obtained could help identify which bat species was the host of the ectoparasite collected and then they were released. A total of 36 dipterans from the Streblidae family belonging to six species from four genera: Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976; Aspidoptera phyllostomatis (Perty, 1833); Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899); Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926); Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) and Trichobius joblingiWenzel, 1966, infesting phyllostomids of four species: Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818); Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823); Carollia perspicillata (Linneaus, 1758) and Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810). The most abundant species were Trichobius joblingi (38.89%) and Aspidoptera phyllostomatis(27.78%).

Este estudo constitui o primeiro registro de parasitismo e associações entre moscas ectoparasitas de morcegos da família Streblidae e morcegos (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) no Parque Estadual Floresta São Francisco (PEFSF). Os morcegos foram capturados usando redes de neblina instaladas em vários pontos ao longo da trilha de visitantes do parque. Após a coleta, os morcegos foram inspecionados em busca de ectoparasitas, que, quando encontrados, eram coletados com pinças metálicas e armazenados em frascos com álcool 70% para serem identificados posteriormente. Os morcegos capturados foram submetidos à morfometria para que as informações obtidas pudessem ajudar a identificar qual espécie de morcego era a hospedeira do ectoparasita coletado e, em seguida, foram liberados. Um total de 36 dípteros de Streblidae foram coletados, pertencentes a seis espécies de quatro gêneros: Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976; Aspidoptera phyllostomatis (Perty, 1833); Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899); Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926); Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966, infestando filostomídeos de quatro espécies: Artibeus lituratus(Olfers, 1818); Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823); Carollia perspicillata (Linneaus, 1758) e Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810). As espécies mais abundantes foram Trichobius joblingi (38,89%) e Aspidoptera phyllostomatis (27,78%).

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Objetivo: analisar as características e os desfechos obstétricos adversos em gestantes/puérperas infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 em serviço de referência. Método: série de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes com Covid-19 em um hospital universitário em Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas no serviço de 2020 a 2021, coletados em abril de 2022, empregando-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados através do Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: incluídas 26 gestantes, em sua maioria brancas, que tiveram como principais desfechos obstétricos adversos a internação em UTI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dado reestratificado de semanas para dias para investigar o encurtamento da gestação, onde constatou-se média de 38,6 dias potenciais de gravidez perdidos dos 280 dias ideais, e ainda 15,4% evoluíram para óbito materno. Conclusão: o estudo proporcionou evidenciar a necessidade de vigilância e atenção às gestantes com foco nos principais desfechos adversos, podendo-se intervir em tempo oportuno para diminuir adversidades.

Objective: to analyze the characteristics and adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnant/puerperal women infected by SARS-CoV-2 at a reference service. Method: a retrospective case series conducted among pregnant women with Covid-19 in a university hospital from Minas Gerais, Brazil, treated at the service from 2020 to 2021. The cases were collected in April 2022 employing descriptive statistics for data analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results: a total of 26 pregnant women were included, mostly white-skinned, whose main adverse obstetric outcomes were admission to the ICU (43.5%), premature birth (34.6%) and data restratified from weeks to days to investigate shortening of pregnancy, where a mean of 38.6 potential days of pregnancy were lost out of the ideal 280 days, and 15.4% resulted in maternal death. Conclusion: the study provided evidence of the need for surveillance and care for pregnant women with a focus on the main adverse outcomes, enabling timely intervention to reduce adversities.

Objetivo: analizar las características y resultados obstétricos adversos en gestantes/puérperas infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 en un servicio de referencia. Método: serie de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes con Covid-19 en un hospital universitario de Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas en el servicio de 2020 a 2021. Los datos se recolectaron en abril de 2022, se utilizó estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos mediante el Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: se incluyeron 26 gestantes, la mayoría de raza blanca, cuyos principales resultados obstétricos adversos fueron ingreso a UCI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dato reestratificado de semanas a días para investigar el acortamiento de la gestación, que arrojó como resultado un promedio de 38,6. Se comprobó que se perdieron en promedio 38,6 días potenciales de embarazo de los 280 días ideales, y muerte materna (15,4%). Conclusión: la evidencia que proporcionó el estudio indica que es necesario vigilar y atender a las gestantes enfocándose en los principales resultados adversos, lo que permite intervenir de forma oportuna para reducir adversidades.

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Abstract Introduction: Evidence suggests that herbivores, such as peccaries, shape vegetation structure and diversity through predation, trampling, dispersal, and rooting behavior. Objective: To evaluate the impact of peccaries (Dycotiles tajacu) on the understory vegetation of the tropical rainforest in the Nogal-La Selva Local Biological Corridor, Costa Rica, comparing a site with the absence of peccaries to another with the presence of these animals. Methodology: From June to November 2021, 20 experimental exclusions and 20 free access plots, each measuring 2 m2 were used to quantify herbivory, the number of leaf blades, damaged leaves, healthy leaves, sapling height, and fallen biomass at both sites. Results: A higher sapling density was found in the Nogal Reserve, but a lower sapling diversity, while in La Selva there was a higher sapling diversity, but a lower density of seedlings. Herbivory and sapling height in La Selva exceeded those in Nogal. The exclusion of peccaries reduced seedling damage but did not affect the dynamics of fallen biomass. Conclusion: For the design, implementation, and evaluation of the effectiveness of biological corridors, it is crucial to consider plant-animal interactions to enhance the flow of ecological processes through functional and structural connectivity, analyzed from interactions such as those presented in this paper.

Resumen Introducción: Existe evidencia que herbívoros, como los saínos, dan forma a la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación a través del comportamiento de depredación, pisoteo, dispersión y enraizamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de los saínos (Dycotiles tajacu) en la vegetación del sotobosque del bosque tropical húmedo en el Corredor Biológico Local Nogal-La Selva, Costa Rica, en un sitio con ausencia y en otro con presencia de saínos. Métodos: De junio a noviembre de 2021 se utilizaron 20 exclusiones experimentales y 20 parcelas de acceso libre de 2 m2, se cuantifico la herbivoría, número de láminas foliares, hojas dañadas, hojas sanas, altura de brinzales y biomasa caída en ambos sitios. Resultados: Se encontró una mayor densidad de brinzales en Reserva Nogal pero una menor diversidad, contrario en La Selva donde se encontró una mayor diversidad de brinzales, pero una menor densidad de plántulas. La herbivoría y la altura de brinzales en La Selva fue mayor que en Nogal. La exclusión de los saínos disminuyó el daño a las plántulas, pero no afectó la dinámica de la biomasa caída. Conclusión: Es necesario contemplar para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la efectividad de corredores biológicos, las interacciones planta-animal, para potencializar el flujo de procesos ecológicos mediante la conectividad funcional y estructural, analizada a partir de interacciones como las presentadas en este trabajo.

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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is a significant global health issue, accounting for 1 in 8 cancer diagnoses worldwide. HLA class I molecules are typically expressed on the cell surface, but cancer cells can develop mechanisms to evade recognition by CTLs, including the downregulation of HLA class I expression. In this context, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the role of HLA class I expression in clinical outcomes for patients with BC. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases. Effect sizes, along with I2 and Tau2 statistics, were used to assess heterogeneity through a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Statistical analyses were performed using R statistical software, version 4.2.3. RESULTS: Among the 8 included studies, most of the analyzed samples consisted of ductal carcinoma cases (1588, 86.39 %), from the luminal (A or B) intrinsic subtype (1865, 69.07 %), with no lymph node metastasis (2658, 57.24 %), no HER2 overexpression (2594, 67.46 %), negative Ki67 status (1721, 71.26 %), and positive hormone receptor status (4732, 64.05 %). The analysis revealed a significant reduction in disease-free survival (HR 0.57; 95 % CI 0.34 to 0.95; p = 0.034; I2 = 84 %) in the group with low HLA-I expression. However, no significant difference was found between the groups with high and low HLA-I expression regarding overall survival (HR 0.77; 95 % CI 0.28 to 2.14; p = 0.62; I2 = 86 %). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that HLA class I expression is associated with a significant improvement in disease-free survival, though no significant effect on overall survival was observed.

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A few decades ago, women diagnosed with multiple sclerosis were discouraged from becoming pregnant. However, with new knowledge about the disease and treatments, this recommendation has changed, and it is pregnancy after the diagnosis of the disease is no longer contraindicated, with family planning being essential in this process. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the family planning process for people with multiple sclerosis.

Até recentemente, a gravidez nas pacientes com o diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla era contraindicada. O avanço no conhecimento sobre a doença e os tratamentos alterou essa recomendação, e agora a gravidez após o diagnóstico da doença não é mais contraindicada; contudo, o planeamento familiar é essencial nesse processo. Esta revisão tem como objetivo fornecer uma visão abrangente do processo de planejamento familiar para pacientes com esclerose múltipla.

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Prior investigation shows that diabetic patients present hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity related to impaired negative feedback. This study investigates the effect of Captopril on the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland of male diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into fasted Swiss-webster mice, and the animals were treated with Captopril for 14 consecutive days, starting 7 days post-diabetes induction. Plasma corticosterone levels were evaluated by ELISA, while pituitary gland expressions of angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1), angiotensin-II type 2 receptor (AT2), ACTH, Bax, Bcl-2, KI-67, POMC, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry or Western blot. Diabetic mice showed pituitary gland overexpression of AT1, without altering AT2 levels, which were sensitive to Captopril treatment. Furthermore, diabetic mice presented hypercortisolism, along with an increase in the number of corticotroph cells, POMC and ACTH expression, and number of proliferative cells, and a decrease of GR expression in the pituitary gland. In addition, treatment with Captopril reduced systemic corticosterone levels, corticotroph and proliferative cell numbers, and Bcl-2, POMC, and ACTH expression in the pituitary gland of diabetic mice, besides increasing the expression of Bax and GR. In conclusion, these findings show that Captopril is a promising therapy for treating complications associated with HPA axis hyperactivity in diabetic patients, in a mechanism probably related to the downregulation of POMC production in the pituitary gland and subsequent reduction of systemic corticosterone levels.

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Abstract Objectives To investigate the associations between caregivers' burden, family quality of life (QoL), and siblings' QoL in Brazilian families of children with cerebral palsy, and to analyze siblings' QoL using as a parameter the QoL of typically developed Brazilian children. Methods It was a cross-sectional study. The 212 families, 212 caregivers and 131 siblings completed the Family Quality of Life Scale, Burden Interview, and KIDSCREEN-27 Child and Adolescent Version and Parents Version questionnaires at a neurorehabilitation center in southeast Brazil. Univariable and multivariable models were used. Results Family QoL significantly worsened as caregivers' burden increased (95 % CI -0.66 to -0.38). Caregivers' burden was significantly lower with increasing family QoL scores (95 % CI -0.52 to -0.30). Self-reported siblings' QoL was significantly worse than that of their typically developed peers (95 % CI -7.6 to -3.6). Self-reported siblings' QoL was significantly lower as siblings' age (95 % CI -2.52 to -0.59) and caregivers' burden (95 % CI -0.35 to -0.05) increased. Parent-reported siblings' QoL was significantly lower with increasing caregivers' burden (95 % CI -0.45 to -0.16) and higher as family QoL increased (95 % CI 0.09 to 0.37). Conclusions The cross-sectional nature of these data precludes any statement of causality. Family QoL worsened with higher caregivers' burden levels. Lower caregivers' burden scores were associated with a higher family QoL. Siblings' QoL was impaired as compared to typically developed peers, worse among older siblings, and as caregivers' burden increased and better with higher family QoL levels. Future multicenter studies may validate the generalizability of the present findings.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the growth trajectory of head circumference and neurodevelopment, and to correlate head circumference with cognitive, language, and motor outcomes during the first two years. Method Prospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital including 95 newborns under 32 weeks or 1500 g. Neonates who developed major neonatal morbidities were excluded. The head circumference was measured at birth, at discharge, and at term-equivalent age, 1, 3, 5, 12, 18, and 24 months of corrected age, and the Bayley Scales (Bayley-III) were applied at 12, 18 and 24 months of corrected age to assess cognitive, language and, motor domains. Scores below 85 were classified as mild/moderate deficits and scores below 70 as severe deficits. The association between head circumference Z score and Bayley scores was assessed using Pearson's correlation. The study considered a significance level of 0.05. Results There was a decrease of -0.18 in the head circumference Z score between birth and discharge and the catch-up occurred between discharge and 1 month (an increase of 0.81 in the Z score). There was a positive correlation between head circumference and Bayley scores at 18 months. There was also a positive correlation between head circumference at discharge and at 5 months with the three domains of the Bayley. Conclusion Serial measurements of head circumference provide knowledge of the trajectory of growth, with early catch-up between discharge and 1 month, as well as its association with neurodevelopment. Head circumference is therefore a valuable clinical marker for neurodevelopment, especially in very preterm newborns.