RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases in childhood can affect the physical and mental health of patients and their families. The literature on pediatric chronic diseases has found important associations between the sociodemographic variables of children and their caregivers and negative health consequences in families. METHODS: In this study, we aimed to design and validate a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables that would be useful for research on pediatric chronic diseases; and investigate the relationship between sociodemographic variables and psychosocial variables among family caregivers. First, we created a questionnaire that consists of 20 demographic, medical, and family-related items based on a literature review and expert evaluations. This questionnaire was then validated by 335 expert reviewers in the field of Social Work, who work daily with the families of patients with chronic diseases in 10 National Institutes of Health of Mexico. The validation was based on three empirical criteria created specifically for this study, and the reviewers evaluated the usefulness, relevance, and permanence of the items. In a second cross-sectional, correlational and comparative study, a total of 446 family caregivers of children with chronic diseases were interviewed, and they completed the Sociodemographic Variables Questionnaire for research on family caregivers of children with chronic sociodemographic diseases and four psychosocial measurement instruments for evaluating anxiety, depression, caregiver burden and quality of life. RESULTS: Based on the results of the first study, we created the Sociodemographic Variables Questionnaire (Q-SV) for research on family caregivers of children with chronic diseases, and it includes 17 items that assess demographic, medical, and family characteristics. The results of the second study showed that the 17 sociodemographic variables obtained in the validation by expert judges are useful for measuring and evaluating the relationship between psychosocial variables in families of children with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors are relevant for the development of research processes for families that care for children with chronic diseases.
Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Criança , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Assistentes Sociais/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A pesar de que es bien conocida la importancia que tiene que los médicos posean adecuadas habilidades de comunicación para la práctica clínica, éstas no forman parte de su enseñanza formal. En este trabajo presentamos el diseño y la evaluación de resultados de un curso de formación en habilidades de comunicación y apoyo emocional a siete médicos internos residentes de nefrología. El curso está realizado desde el marco del counselling. En la evaluación empleamos un diseño piloto pretest-postest mediante un cuestionario elaborado ad-hoc para mediar la tasa de respuesta empática espontánea a través de diez viñetas clínicas. Los resultados parecen indicar un aumento en el número de respuestas empáticas espontáneas emitidas por los participantes sin poder establecer la significación de la diferencia debido al escaso tamaño muestral. El 100% de los participantes recomendarían el curso a otros nefrólogos. En próximas investigaciones nos proponemos aumentar la muestra sobre la base de futuras ediciones del curso, con vistas a poder mostrar resultados confirmatorios. El programa de formación en counselling ha quedado establecido como actividad bienal protocolizada dentro del servicio. Este tipo de iniciativas docentes dirigidas a los médicos en formación son una óptima manera de recordarnos que el manejo adecuado de la tecnología médico-biológica, si bien es imprescindible, resulta insuficiente si lo que pretendemos es dar una respuesta eficaz, efectiva y eficiente al paciente y su familia. Si no se empatiza y conecta con el paciente, si no se crea un clima emocional adecuado, la eficacia de la intervención se verá mermada...