RESUMO
Se abordan las perspectivas actuales acerca del rol que están llamados a cumplir los cuerpos policiales, contrastando las tendencias de carácter punitivista o puramente represivas con aquellas de carácter garantista; se hace un breve repaso por tales concepciones y se explica la inconveniencia de postular una policía que sólo se dedique a la actividad reactiva frente al delito, postulando así un modelo policial proactivo, en el cual prevalezca la prevención, fundada en el respeto de derechos y garantías fundamentales de todos los individuos, incluso de quienes delinquen, para lograr con ello frenar los recortes a las libertades fundamentales que ha supuesto la adopción de un sistema penal de mano dura, en que se coloca la seguridad personal por encima de aquellas, revirtiéndose la potestad penal conferida al Estado por los ciudadanos contra estos mismos y conllevando a que, más que reducir los índices de criminalidad, se dejen de lado los múltiples factores que inciden en los mismos, y de los que debería ocuparse realmente el Estado en el marco de un modelo garantista
The article addresses the current perspectives of the role Police corps are destined to play, by putting in contrast punitivist or purely repressive trends with those of guarantist nature. A brief review is made of such conceptions, and the inconvenience of postulating a policy exclusively dedicated to reactive activity vis-à-vis crime is explained, thus advancing a proactive police model where prevention prevails, as founded on respect of all individuals fundamental rights and guaranties even of those who commit crimes, in order to succeed in refraining the cuts of fundamental freedoms that the adoption of a firm hand (mano dura) criminal system where personal security is placed above those freedoms is supposed to cause, hence the punitive authority conferred by the citizens on the State being reverted against themselves, which implies that, rather than reducing criminality indexes, the multiple factors having a bearing on them, which are those that the State should actually worry about and take in charge within the framework of a guarantist model, are ignored
Assuntos
Polícia Administrativa , Polícia Judiciária , Direito Penal , Polícia/história , Polícia/normas , Polícia/organização & administração , PolíciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with symptomatic hypoglycemia (SH) (< or = 72 mg/dL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) treated at a general hospital during July 2003 to December 2004. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety four t2DM patients (incident cases) with a primary diagnosis of SH matched with 188 t2DM patients (incident controls) with a diagnosis other than hypoglycemia were included in a case-control study. Demographic and clinical variables entered into an automated binary logistic regression model from which odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for variables with a p value < 0.05 were obtained. RESULTS: The binary logistic model determined that age had a "protective" effect, while duration of t2DM, educational level (Illiteracy-primary education, OR 3.7, [95% CI 1.4 to 10]; p = 0.009), attending physicians' specialty (family physician, OR 2.8, [1.02 to 7.9]; p = 0.04), chronic renal failure presence (OR 3.0, [1.2 to 7.7]; p = 0.01), antihyperglycemic treatment (combined therapy, OR 5.2, [2.3 to 11.8]; p < 0.01), fasting (OR 19.8, [9.1 to 43.1]; p < 0.001) and history of hypoglycemia (OR 2.9, [1.3 to 6.5]; p = 0.01) were all risk factors associated with SH. The variable "exposure to polypharmacy" was excluded from the logistic model (OR 4.86; [0.7 to 35.1]; p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, physicians should be cognizant of the possibility that the odds of SH might be increased when treating patients with t2DM fulfilling factors, such as those identified in this investigation.