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Various works of research into violence in relationships between young couples refer to a lack of perception of some behavior patterns such as abuse. This means that the relationship has the potential risk of developing into one of victimization should it last into adulthood. Although it has been shown that this phenomenon may occur in any sector of the population, the interest of our study rests upon determining the prevalence of the perception of violent behavior patterns in relationships between adolescent and young adult couples. We also aim to analyze the differences obtained with respect to the characteristics of the aggressors in the young Afro-Colombian population of Quibdó, Colombia. The participants in the study consisted of 540 young Afro-Colombians of both sexes between 15 and 27 years of age. The instrument used was the reduced version of the Dating Violence Questionnaire. The results show a high level of victimization through violent behavior on the part of the partner, in great measure exercised by generalist aggressors. However, a small proportion could be perceived as abuse. The implications and possible means of intervention are discussed.

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Introduction: Attitudes toward abortion are related to structural, cultural, and direct gender-based violence. This violence can affect women's mental, physical and reproductive health. Therefore, it is essential to know the nature of community attitudes toward abortion. Since we currently do not have an instrument that measures attitudes towards abortion in Chile, we set the objective of this study to design the Community Attitude to Abortion Scale (CAAS) and analyze its psychometric properties in a Chilean community population. Methods: This work is an instrumental design study. Using a sampling of panelists by sociodemographic quotas, we obtained a sample of 1,223 participants with a mean age of 36.7 years (SD = 13.56). Results: As a result, we obtained a scale of 18 items and two correlated factors, Autonomy and Stigma. This structure fits better as an Exploratory Structural Equations Model (ESEM). Both factors have excellent internal consistency. In addition, we obtained evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity: The scores on the factors of the Universal Religious Involvement Scale (I-E12) correlated negatively with Autonomy and positively with Stigma; participants with low levels of identification with a right-wing political orientation, with high levels of identification with a leftwing, pro-feminist, pro-LGBTQ +, and pro-euthanasia political orientation, obtained higher mean scores on Autonomy and lower on Stigma. Discussion: The CAAS is an adequate tool for use with the Chilean community population, with evidence of consistency and validity. La CAAS is the first tool to measure attitudes to abortion in this country.

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The study of intimate partner violence (IPV) has evolved into more complex and integrative models to better understand the explanatory mechanisms of IPV perpetration. Nevertheless, integrative models rarely permit an in-depth analysis of a large number of relevant variables, and more specific approximations are required as basis of them. In this sense, the individual approach is the most productive research line. From the individual perspective and using data from imprisoned male offenders, the present study aimed to analyze the potential mediating role of alcohol dependence in the association of Cluster B personality traits and psychological IPV. The sample included 196 male inmates of the Penitentiary Center of Villabona (Asturias, Spain). Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothetical and alternative models. First, model results only showed an indirect effect of antisocial and borderline personalities mediated by alcohol dependence. Nevertheless, fitting of the model to the data was poor. Second, a fully saturated model was calculated, revealing a direct effect of histrionic personality on psychological IPV. Finally, an alternative model was tested adding to first model the direct effect of histrionic personality on psychological IPV. The fitting of the alternative model to the data was good. Antisocial and borderline personalities predicted psychological IPV when mediated by alcohol dependence, while histrionic personality had a direct effect on psychological IPV. Narcissistic personality did not affect psychological IPV. These results support the hypothesis regarding the use of alcohol as a coping mechanism in antisocial and borderline individuals, acting as a disinhibitory factor which increases the likelihood of psychological IPV occurrence. Contrary to previous research, a clear direct effect of histrionic personality and psychological IPV was obtained. This association can be explained by the necessity of attention of histrionic individuals and the type (psychological) of violence studied.

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Major depression is one of the most prevalent mental health problems in the penitentiary context and has been related to different undesirable outcomes. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the utility of screening tools for major depression brief assessment in the jail context. We interviewed 203 male inmates and complimented the MCMI-III, the SCL-90-R, and the CES-D-7 self-informed scales. Major depression syndrome and disorder were determined based on MCMI-III criteria and the capability of SCL-90-R and CES-D-7 to identify true positives and true negatives when tested. SCL-90-R and CES-D-7 showed good sensitivity for major depression syndrome and disorder. The specificity of SCL-90-R was poor in all cases, but CES-D-7 showed good specificity depending on the cut-off score. Rigorous interviews are needed for better evaluation of major depression in jails, but screening tools like CES-D-7 are useful for rapid assessment considering the work overload of penitentiary psychologists.

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In Ibero-America, interest in the evaluation and prevention of violence in young couples has been increasing. However, there are not enough Spanish-speaking standardized questionnaires. The psychometric analyses of the Checklist of Experiences of Psychological Abuse to the Couple (CEPA) are presented as a subset of the Checklist of Experiences of Abuse to the Couple. Overall, 1,505 adolescents participated; 828 were women, and 677 were men, aged 14 to 21 years old. A confirmatory factor analysis with the Structural Equation Modeling Software version 6.2 (EQS) was performed to consider different factor models that were consistent with theoretical and empirical aspects about violence in young couples. A structure was obtained with one factor of higher order, "Psychological Aggression" (14 items), and the following three primary factors: (a) "Coercion" (four items), (b) "Humiliation" (five items), and (c) "Control" (five items); Cronbach's alpha ranged from .71 to .83. The overall scale and the three subscales correlated significantly with each other and with negative personality traits associated with gender. The results indicate that the scale has adequate psychometric properties for use in clinical practice and research.

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The objective of this research was to study victimization and aggression in adolescent and young couple relationships, as well as to identify the directionality of violence perpetration in a sample of 984 people between 15 and 31 years of age, of which 58.2% were women and 41.8% were men. Regarding the educational level of the population under study, 26% were students of junior high school, senior high school, or vocational training and 56.5% were college students. The research design followed the nonprobability purposive sampling method and used the DVQ-R questionnaire. The results suggest that violence is 65.2% bidirectional and 14.30% unidirectional, being bidirectionality more frequent in psychological violence and decreasing when physical violence occurs. The results reveal the need to integrate the different modalities of dating violence (unidirectional and bidirectional) and unperceived violence -that gives rise to technical abuse- into the different prevention programs addressed to adolescents and youth.

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido estudiar la victimización y la agresión en las relaciones de parejas adolescentes y jóvenes, así como comprobar la direccionalidad de la violencia perpetrada a través del estudio de 984 personas. Las edades están comprendidas entre los 15 y los 31 años de edad. En cuanto a la distribución de los sexos, el 58.2% son mujeres y el 41.8% restante hombres. Respecto al nivel educativo de la muestra, el 56.5% son universitarios y el 26% tienen estudios secundarios, bachillerato o formación profesional. El diseño de la investigación ha sido de tipo no probabilístico intencional. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Cuvino-R (Rodríguez-Díaz et al., 2017). Los resultados indican que la violencia se muestra bidireccional en un 65,2% y unidireccional en un 14,30%, siendo la bidireccionalidad más frecuente en la violencia psicológica, y disminuyendo cuando se agrava la conducta con violencia física. Con base en estos resultados, se debería discutir la necesidad de integrar las diferentes modalidades de violencia en la relación (Unidireccional o Bidireccional) y la violencia no percibida que da lugar al maltrato técnico en los diferentes campos de la prevención con adolescentes y jóvenes.

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Resumen El síndrome deBurnouttiene un largo recorrido histórico en el ámbito público de los profesionales dedicados al cuidado de ancianos. En este estudio pretendemos conocer la influencia de diversas variables sociodemográficas sobre el desgaste laboral en profesionales de residencias públicas. La muestra está constituida por 136 trabajadores de ambos géneros y con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 años, que desempeñan labores de atención directa y gestión psicosocial. Los instrumentos aplicados han sido el Inventario deburnoutde Maslach & Jackson (1986), y el Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-28), de Goldberg & Hillier (1979). Nuestros resultados refieren la existencia de diferencias por sexo (en el cansancio emocional, así como en elburnouten general) y por tiempo de antigüedad en la profesión (concretamente en realización personal y enburnouten general). Estos resultados van a reforzar la necesidad de potenciar la resiliencia de los equipos interdisciplinares de profesionales orientados a proteger la salud de las personas trabajadoras en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales.

Abstract Burnout syndrome has had a long history in the public arena of professionals dedicated to the care of the elderly. In this study, we aim to understand the influence of various socio-demographic variables on work-related wear of professionals in public residences. The sample consists of 136 workers of both genders, aged between 18 and 60, who carry out direct care and psychosocial management tasks. The instruments applied were the burnout inventory by Maslach & Jackson (1986), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) by Goldberg & Hillier (1979). Our results point to the existence of differences by sex in emotional fatigue as well as in burnout in general; and by work seniority (specifically, in personal fulfillment; and in burnout in general). These results will reinforce the need to strengthen the resilience of interdisciplinary professional teams aimed at protecting the health of working people in terms of occupational risk prevention.

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OBJECTIVE: to analyze the burnout dimensions scores in Brazilian and Spanish nursing workers. METHOD: quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative study conducted with 589 Nursing workers who answered the Sociodemographic and Professional Characterization Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Descriptive and analytical analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: Spanish Nursing workers presented higher averages in the Depersonalization dimension (p = 0.004) and Brazilians, higher scores in the Professional Achievement dimension (p = 0.031). In both Spain and Brazil, nursing assistants / technicians were found to have higher Emotional Exhaustion than nurses; In Brazil, Depersonalization is higher in nurses and in Spain it is higher in Nursing assistants / technicians. Statistically significant results were found in the association of burnout dimensions with sociodemographic and work characteristics: age; professional category; workplace; work regime; work shift; time of professional experience; working time in the same workplace and consider stressful work. CONCLUSION: Although Brazilian and Spanish nursing workers score low levels of Depersonalization and high Professional Achievement, there are average levels of Emotional Exhaustion, indicating an important preventive factor to be worked on, since Emotional Exhaustion is considered the first stage of burnout.

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INTRODUCTION: Alcohol abuse is a worldwide health problem because of its association with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and interpersonal conflicts. In Mexico, young people are the group most severely affected by high levels of alcohol intake. This study attempts to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in the Mexican youth population, since validation studies do not currently exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An opinion sampling method was used based on the inclusion criteria for the study and the accessibility of the sample. Participants' ages ranged from 14 to 30, and 44.2% (N = 854) were male and 55.8% (N = 1078) were female. RESULTS: The psychometric guarantees of AUDIT have been confirmed, highlighting the value of Alpha Cronbach (.804) of the scale, and the validity of its internal structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, which showed the validity of the model of the three factors (Risky use, Dependence symptoms, and Harmful alcohol use). The results confirm a pattern of non-daily use, and concentrated, excess use on a single occasion. The existence of significant differences has also been confirmed in terms of the legal drinking age in some of the indicators used, and the risk of alcohol consumption increases with age. CONCLUSIONS: The appropriate psychometric properties of AUDIT have been confirmed in the Mexican youth population. It shows a public health issue that requires the design of prevention programs that impact risk factors and promote protective factors.

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La inclusión en el PCL-R del comportamiento criminal previo como criterio para la evaluación de la psicopatía en las prisiones, supone que los individuos evaluados como psicópatas en la comunidad por sus consistencias de personalidad no sean detectados al llegar a prisión. Se pretende establecer el perfil diferencial del psicópata no detectado frente al psicópata criminal a nivel familiar, educativo, de consumo y delictivo. La muestra está conformada por 352 internos en prisión que fueron evaluados mediante el PCL-R. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el psicópata no detectado presenta mismas consistencias de personalidad que el psicópata criminal, difiriendo en el estilo de vida; exhibe variables moderadoras durante su desarrollo que le han mantenido alejado del comportamiento criminal; no ha tenido un estilo de vida delictivo, pero mantiene la misma capacidad que el psicópata criminal para la comisión de los delitos más graves, siendo víctimas más frecuentes familiares y parejas.

The previous criminal behavior included in the PCL-R like a criterion to evaluation of the psychopathy in the prisons, suppose that individuals considered as psychopaths in the community for their personality were not detected when they arrive to prison. The aim of this research was to establish the different profile of the undetected psychopath in comparison with criminal psychopath in the familiar, educative, substance abuse and criminal environments. The sample was made up of 352 prisoners evaluated with the PCL-R. Results revealed that undetected psychopath showed the same personality but different lifestyle than criminal psychopath. Moreover, undetected psychopath accounted with moderating variables during his development that avoid them committing criminal behavior. Finally they did not show a criminal lifestyle, however, as the same as a criminal psychopath, they had the capacity to commit serious crimes being their victims their relatives or couples.

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La desadaptación juvenil está asociada con diversos factores psicosociales, y los de carácter familiar y escolar son algunos de los más significativos. El objetivo del estudio es explicar la relación que existe entre los factores de socialización y afrontamiento en la resolución de problemas para el desarrollo de una competencia social adaptada en el periodo adolescente. Para ello, se seleccionaron los participantes mediante un muestreo intencional, con submues-treo por conglomerados, y el total fue de 493 alumnos adolescentes (rango de edad de 12 a 19 años). Los resultados confirman que los adolescentes cuentan con los medios suficientes para afrontar los problemas y optan por la inmediatez de la respuesta, constatando como variables importantes aquellas que tienen que ver con el apoyo social y la consideración de los demás, la influencia negativa del retraimiento social y el autocontrol en las relaciones sociales. Se plantea la importancia del proceso de socialización en el andamiaje para alcanzar una adaptación competente.

The juvenile maladjustment is associated with several psychosocial factors, the family and school some of the most significant. The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between socialization and coping factors in problem solving for the development of social competence adapted in the adolescent period. To this end, participants selected trough by purposive sampling with subsampling cluster with a total of 493 adolescents students (age range 12-19 years). The found results confirm that our teenagers have the means to address problems and opt for the immediacy of the response, noting important variables as those having to do with social support and consideration of others, the negative influence of social withdrawal and self-control in social relations. The importance of the socialization process in the scaffold is proposed to achieve a competent adaptation.

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Violence in interpersonal relationships in young people has been the subject of several studies in recent years. Studies of dating violence show that one of the resources available for the young to help perceive and distinguish abusive or violent behaviour is an indicator which increases the ability to recognise as well as confront the reality of abuse. Certain violent behaviour however can be perceived as non-abusive, where the victim and the aggressor can share an abnormal view of the relationship in which possession, jealousy and exclusivity are considered significant elements within the relationship. The objective of this study is to understand and establish the levels of aggravation (degree of tolerance) towards violent behaviour in relationships of engaged adolescent Mexicans affected by abuse, by considering gender and level of perception of abuse as variables. The sample was formed of 3304 young Mexican students between the ages of 13 and 22, containing 1432 boys and 1872 girls, 1383 pursuing university studies, whereas the remaining 1921 were pre-university students. CUVINO was administered in order to determine the abusive conduct and levels of discomfort (tolerance), which allowed us to observe that the highest levels of discomfort, greater than those caused by any other kind of abuse, are experienced by women, especially regarding sexual victimization within the category of those non-abused women that presented a lower level of tolerance. This finding led us to identify, as a major risk factor, those men and women with a high level of tolerance, who did not perceive themselves as having been abused. (AU)

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ResumenDiversos estudios coinciden en señalar que la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en internos penitenciarios es significativamente mayor que en la población general. En este contexto, la literatura muestra que existe una importante presencia de síntomas del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en esta población. Sin embargo, la investigación al respecto es escasa. En este estudio se estimó la prevalencia con cribado positivo para TDAH en la población penitenciaria, y se establecieron las características sociodemográficas asociadas al trastorno. Se administraron dos escalas de evaluación del TDAH ampliamente empleadas y validadas en población adulta - ASRS y WURS. Los participantes fueron 143 presos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Villabona (Asturias, España), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 69 años. Los resultados obtenidos indican una prevalencia aparente del TDAH en torno al 25% utilizando ambas escalas y con resultados coincidentes entre ellas. Además se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo, por nivel de escolaridad y situación laboral, con diferentes perfiles según la presencia de los síntomas del TDAH. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de estudiar las consecuencias de este trastorno en la población penitenciaria, con el objeto de mejorar el manejo terapéutico en este contexto, atendiendo a sus características. (AU)

AbstractThere is a good deal of evidence suggesting that the prevalence of mental disorders among imprisoned people is significantly higher that in general population. In this context, literature shows that there is an important presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within this population. However, research on this topic is lacking. This study estimated the prevalence of ADHD in a penitentiary population by means of positive screening and established the sociodemographic characteristics related to the presence of the disorder. Two different scales of ADHD, widely applied and validated for adult population, were used for this purpose - ASRS and WURS. One-hundred and forty three prisoners between 18 and 69 years old from Villabona's Penitentiary Establishment (Asturias, Spain) took part in this study. Results showed 25% of apparent prevalence of ADHD, using both scales. Statistically significant differences were found in sex, educational level and employment situation, showing different profiles as a function of the presence of ADHD symptoms. These results highlight the need to study the consequences of this disorder within imprisoned populations in order to improve therapeutic management, paying attention to their characteristics. (AU)

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En este estudio nuestra pretensión es la de conocer el grado de victimización sufrida en una muestra de individuos mexicanos de ambos sexos y escolarizados, y analizar en cada uno de los niveles educativos el poder predictivo de las distintas formas de victimización en la pareja, sobre el uso de las etiquetas de maltrato-sentirse maltratado y tener miedo-. Participaron 3495 estudiantes de México escolarizados a quienes les aplicamos el Cuestionario de Violencia entre Novios.Los niveles de victimización y la percepción de maltrato son mayores en estudiantes de universidad, en ambos sexos. La percepción de miedo es mayor en las mujeres universitarias y en los varones preuniversitarios. Es importante destacar el número de jóvenes que declaran no sentirse maltratados ni tener miedo, pues eso dificultará su disposición para finalizar la relación sentimental...

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El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la prevalencia de conductas de violencia o maltrato de pareja (dating violence), y las diferencias por sexo y nivel de estudios a través de los ocho factores reportados desde el cuestionario CUVINO (alfa = .92). La muestra utilizada fue de 3495 jóvenes mexicanos (1537 hombres y 1958 mujeres), de los cuales 55.2 por ciento eran preuniversitarios y 44.8 por ciento universitarios. Los resultados mostraron una elevada prevalencia de victimización especialmente en el tipo de maltrato categorizado como psicológico (desapego, coerción, humillación), por género y sexual; las adolescentes reportan más perpetración de violencia en el noviazgo y menos victimización, tanto en preuniversitarios como en universitarios. Los varones tienen una percepción de maltrato mayor, especialmente de tipo físico, castigo emocional e instrumental, aunque no son las conductas de mayor ocurrencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados.

The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of violent behavior or partner abuse (dating violence), as well as gender differences and level of schooling in a sample of 3495 Mexican youth (1537 males and 1958 females; 55.2 percent pre-undergraduate and 44.8 percent undergraduate students) through the eight factors from the CUVINO measure (alpha = .92). The results showed a high prevalence of victimization, especially for the abuse categorized as psychological (detachment, coercion, humiliation), gender-related and sexual-related; Female adolescents report more perpetration of dating violence and less victimization, both at the pre-undergraduate and undergraduate levels. Males have a greater perception of abuse, especially physical, emotional and instrumental punishment, though not higher occurrence behaviors. The implications of the results are discussed.

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La psicopatía es un trastorno de personalidad caracterizado tanto por la falta de afecto, remordimientos y empatía como por seducción, manipulación y utilización del otro. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión bibliométrica sobre los artículos de revistas científicas recogidos en la plataforma de datos PsycINFO, hasta febrero del 2013, en base a los descriptores "Psychopathy" y "Antisocial Personality Disorder". Los resultados ofrecen información sobre: la evolución y tratamiento de ambos términos, la productividad anual, lugar de publicación, revistas científicas, autores más prolíficos, conceptos clave más utilizados, así como se concretizan los esfuerzos en muestras penitenciarias, mediante la realización de un análisis del contenido de los principales autores y la intervención en la psicopatía, lo que nos permite observar la necesidad de aumentar los criterios de diagnóstico de la psicopatía, aludiendo a la perspectiva de género, al contexto social, y a las características de personalidad.

A psicopatía é um transtorno de personalidade caracterizado tanto por falta de afeto, remorsos e empatía como sedução, manipulação e uso do outro. Nosso objetivo é realizar uma revisão bibliométrica de artigos em revistas científicas recolhidas no banco de dados PsycINFO até fevereiro de 2013, a partir dos descritores "Psicopatia" e "Transtorno da Personalidade Anti-Social". Os resultados fornecem informações sobre: o desenvolvimento e tratamento de ambos os termos, a produtividade anual, local de publicação, revistas científicas, autores mais produtivos, conceitos-chave mais utilizados, assim como os esforços em amostras penitenciárias realizando uma análise de conteúdo dos principais autores e a intervenção em psicopatia, permitindo mostrar a necessidade de incrementar os critérios de diagnóstico de psicopatia, em referência ao gênero, ao contexto social e à caracteristicas de personalidade.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized both by a lack of affection, remorse and empathy, as by the ability to seduce, manipulate and use other people. Our goal is to perform a bibliometric review of articles published in scientific journals listed in the PsycINFO database by February 2013, using the keywords "Psychopathy" and "Antisocial Personality Disorder". The results provide information on the evolution and treatment of both terms; annual productivity; place of publication; recurrent scientific journals; most prolific authors; most popular keywords; as well as efforts undertaken in prison samples. Content analysis of the main authors show the need to increase diagnostic criteria for psychopathy according to gender, social context and personality traits.

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La psicopatía es un trastorno de personalidad caracterizado tanto por la falta de afecto, remordimientos y empatía como por seducción, manipulación y utilización del otro. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión bibliométrica sobre los artículos de revistas científicas recogidos en la plataforma de datos PsycINFO, hasta febrero del 2013, en base a los descriptores "Psychopathy" y "Antisocial Personality Disorder". Los resultados ofrecen información sobre: la evolución y tratamiento de ambos términos, la productividad anual, lugar de publicación, revistas científicas, autores más prolíficos, conceptos clave más utilizados, así como se concretizan los esfuerzos en muestras penitenciarias, mediante la realización de un análisis del contenido de los principales autores y la intervención en la psicopatía, lo que nos permite observar la necesidad de aumentar los criterios de diagnóstico de la psicopatía, aludiendo a la perspectiva de género, al contexto social, y a las características de personalidad(AU)

A psicopatía é um transtorno de personalidade caracterizado tanto por falta de afeto, remorsos e empatía como sedução, manipulação e uso do outro. Nosso objetivo é realizar uma revisão bibliométrica de artigos em revistas científicas recolhidas no banco de dados PsycINFO até fevereiro de 2013, a partir dos descritores "Psicopatia" e "Transtorno da Personalidade Anti-Social". Os resultados fornecem informações sobre: o desenvolvimento e tratamento de ambos os termos, a produtividade anual, local de publicação, revistas científicas, autores mais produtivos, conceitos-chave mais utilizados, assim como os esforços em amostras penitenciárias realizando uma análise de conteúdo dos principais autores e a intervenção em psicopatia, permitindo mostrar a necessidade de incrementar os critérios de diagnóstico de psicopatia, em referência ao gênero, ao contexto social e à caracteristicas de personalidade(AU)

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized both by a lack of affection, remorse and empathy, as by the ability to seduce, manipulate and use other people. Our goal is to perform a bibliometric review of articles published in scientific journals listed in the PsycINFO database by February 2013, using the keywords "Psychopathy" and "Antisocial Personality Disorder". The results provide information on the evolution and treatment of both terms; annual productivity; place of publication; recurrent scientific journals; most prolific authors; most popular keywords; as well as efforts undertaken in prison samples. Content analysis of the main authors show the need to increase diagnostic criteria for psychopathy according to gender, social context and personality traits(AU)

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Este artículo es resultado de un estudio cuantitativo que tiene como objetivo el definir el perfil de las redes de apoyo formales e informales en relación con la reincorporación social de los usuarios del programa de la Dirección del Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atención a Liberados del Estado de Jalisco, México. La muestra esta integrada por 260 usuarios de este sistema, quienes accedieron a participar en la evaluación y a realizar una entrevista de seguimiento a los seis meses. Los análisis realizados ofrecen unos resultados que constatan una alta satisfacción de los usuarios con respecto al programa y al sistema de apoyo formal de reincorporación social; a su vez, el abandono del programa no correlaciona con el apoyo formal, siendo de resaltar que el apoyo informal presenta una correlación positiva con este de acuerdo con las figuras y la adaptación social de estas. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para afrontar la reinserción social de los penados.

This paper results from a quantitative study, which aims to define the profile of the networks of formal and informal support in relation to social reintegration program users of the Postpenitentiary System Office and The Attention of the Released Bureau of the State of Jalisco, Mexico. The sample consists of 260 users of this system, who agreed to participate in the evaluation and make a follow up interview at six months. The analysis give results where a high user satisfaction regarding the program and the formal support system of social reintegration, in turn, leaving a program does not correlate with the formal support, being noted that the informal support show a positive correlation with this according to the figures and their social adaptation. Implications of the results to address the social reintegration of prisoners are discussed.

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Asumiendo que la percepción del clima emocional resulta de la interacción social del individuo con los eventos del entorno, el estudio considera como necesidad contar con un instrumento para evaluar este clima en un ambiente estresante como el penitenciario. El objetivo es adaptar una escala de clima emocional y a su vez establecer los factores que lo conforman y la relación de estos con el grado de quema de los trabajadores penitenciarios en el desarrollo de su trabajo; asimismo, se busca conformar el grado de estabilidad en el ámbito transcultural. Los participantes son 728 trabajadores de instituciones penitenciarias de Colombia (N = 506; 369 varones y 137 mujeres) y España (N = 222; 164 varones y 58 mujeres), con edades entre 18 y 60 años y que pertenecen principalmente al colectivo de vigilancia. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Clima emocional organizacional penitenciario (Ruiz, 2007a, 2007b) y el Inventario de burnout de Maslach y Jackson (1981). Los resultados refieren, a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio, una estructura bifactorial: clima positivo y negativo, ofreciendo una buena consistencia tanto para las subescalas y la escala global como en ambas realidades penitenciarias evaluadas, aunque con diferencias significativas en el ámbito transcultural. Las realidades de estrés muestran una convergencia diferencial con respecto a cada uno de los contextos evaluados, a la vez que identifican realidades contextuales diferenciales. Se discuten los resultados en cuanto a la implicación para una mejor comprensión de la estructura bifactorial del clima emocional y sus implicaciones para futuras investigaciones y en cuanto a intervención.

Assuming that the perception of emotional climate results in the social interaction of the individual with environmental events, this study is based on the need for a tool to assess the climate in a stressful environment like prisons. The objective is to adapt an emotional climate scale, whilst establishing the factors that shape it and their relationship to the level of burn-out in prison workers in their work, and seeking to determine the degree of stability at a transcultural level. The participants were 728 prison workers in Colombia (N = 506, 369 men and 137 women) and in Spain (N = 222, 164 males and 58 females), with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years, and were mainly prison guards. The tools used were the CEP- Organizational Emotional Climate in Prisons (Ruiz, 2007a, 2007b) and the Burnout Inventory-MBI by Maslach and Jackson (1981). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results show a two-factor structure: a positive and negative climate, offering good consistency, both for subscales and global scale, as evaluated in both prison climates, although with significant differences at the transcultural level. The stress variable exhibit differential convergence with respect to each of the contexts evaluated, and identify differential contextual variables. The results are discussed at the level of involvement for a better understanding of the bifactorial structure of emotional climate and its implications for future research and intervention level.

RESUMO

La dinámica de abuso en la edad adolescente y primera juventud facilita la violencia en las relaciones adultas. De ahí la prioridad para desarrollar instrumentos de evaluación que permitan la pronta intervención. Nuestro estudio marca un doble objetivo: realizar un análisis bibliométrico (según la productividad por año, país, idioma, revistas y autores) y un estudio de contenidos (creando un sistema de categorías a partir de las palabras clave de uso más frecuente) de la literatura sobre el tema. Un total de 1.724 artículos, publicados entre 2000 y 2010, incluyeron las palabras clave dating violence y/o intimate partner violence. Se encontró una tendencia ascendente en la productividad anual; un dominio de EE.UU. como país de publicación; el inglés como idioma de elección; una alta presencia de estudios centrados en muestras femeninas; y un alto interés de los autores más prolíficos por las consecuencias de la violencia de pareja sobre las víctimas. Se discuten los resultados...

O abuso na adolescência e na primeira juventude facilita a violência nas relações adultas. Por isso, é prioritário desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação que permitam uma intervenção rápida. O presente estudo tem um duplo objetivo: realizar uma análise bibliométrica, segundo a produtividade por ano, país, idioma, revista e autores, e um estudo de conteúdos, criando um sistema de categorías a partir das palabras-chaves de uso mais frequente na literatura sobre o tema. Compreende um total de 1274 artigos que contém as palabras-chave: violência no namoro e/ou violência do parceiro íntimo publicados entre 2000 e 2010. Encontrou-se uma tendência ascendente na produtividade anual, no dominio dos EUA, como país de publicação; o inglês como idioma mais frequente; alta presença de estudos centrados em amostras femininas e elevado interesse pelas consequências da violência do parceiro sobre as vítimas por parte dos autores mais produtivos. Realiza-se discussão sobre os resultados...

The abusive dynamics during adolescence and early adulthood may foster violence in adult relationships. Hence the priority to develop assessment tools for the early intervention. Our study addresses two objectives: a bibliometric analysis (productivity by year of publication, country, language, source and authorship) and a study of content (creating a system of categories based on the most frequently used keywords, and analyzing the contributions of the most prolific authors) on the literature. We included a total of 1724 articles published between 2000 and 2010 that presented dating violence and/or intimate partner violence among their keyword field. We found an upward trend in yearly productivity; a dominance of U.S as country of publication; English as the language of choice; a high presence of studies focusing on female samples, and a high interest of the most prolific authors for the consequences of the partner violence might have on victims. Results are discussed...

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