RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orlistat, a drug used in weight loss, on 5-HT and indicators of oxidative stress in rat brain. Orlistat, 12 mg/kg was administered to Wistar rats as single dose or successive doses on 3 consecutive days. Blood glucose and oxidative stress indicators were detected by measurement of lipid peroxidation, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione and serotonin levels using previous validated methods. The levels of glucose decreased in rats receiving successive doses. The activity of Na+, K+ ATPase and total ATPase was reduced in rats receiving successive doses, while the level of lipid peroxidation increased slightly in both groups. Glutathione underwent significant reduction in the successive doses group (p < 0.05). 5-HT increased significantly after single dose treatment (p < 0.05). Orlistat can induce pro-oxidant effects in the brain due to alteration of serotonergic metabolism and the reduction of glutathione.
Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Lactonas/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Serotonina/metabolismo , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Orlistate , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ozone is an environmental pollutant that has widely documented deleterious effects on exposed organisms. In Mexico City, this pollutant frequently reaches concentrations that surpass safe health limits. In addition, it has been reported that the prevalence of malnutrition remains high in our childhood population. This experiment was carried out to determine whether malnutrition is a factor contributing to an increase in the risk of damage associated with ozone exposure. METHODS: Using an experimental animal model, 21-day-old rats fed normally or with induced malnutrition were subchronically exposed to 0.5 ppm of ozone or fresh air, respectively, for 30 days. At the end of this period and using HPLC, serotonin concentrations were measured in four areas of the brain: cortex, hemispheres, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. RESULTS: Malnourished animals had a significant weight deficit beginning at 28 days with respect to well-fed animals. Among the well-fed animals, this phenomenon is seen at 35 days in exposed and non-exposed animals. In the four regions of the brain, malnourished animals show low serotonin concentrations with respect to well-nourished animals. In the cerebellum, there was an interaction between the nutritional factor and ozone exposure, while in the medulla oblongata both factors acted independently. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a multiplicative effect from the nutritional factor and ozone exposure in the changes observed concerning serotonergic metabolism.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Distúrbios Nutricionais/metabolismo , Ozônio/toxicidade , Serotonina/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Peso Corporal , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , México , Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the patterns of drugs consumed by the male and female elderly living in Mexican private and public nursing homes. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty elderly participants from four nursing homes (2 private and 2 public) were selected for the six month study: 108 subjects were excluded; the remaining 242 were between 65 and 100 years old; 123 were females and 119 males. A complete clinical history was taken and clinical files were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 242 elderly studied, 193 took diverse medications and 28.5% were at risk of some type of drug interaction. The groups of drugs more frequently consumed were vitamins and anti-anemic medications, followed by cardiovascular drugs. Females consumed greater number of drugs. They also consumed more drugs simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to monitor the elderly for their drugs pattern use.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Casas de Saúde , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sistemas de Medicação , MéxicoRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo es cuantificar los niveles de triptófano por CLAR líquidos de alta resolución en 4 regiones del cerebro (cerebelo, corteza, hemisferio y tallo) en ratas machos de la cepa Wistar, de 50 días de edad con diferente condición nutricional expuestas a ozono o aire. Un grupo de animales fue alimentado con una dieta normal de bioterio (23 por ciento de proteína), y otro con una dieta deficiente en proteínas (7 por ciento de proteína). Ambos grupos fueron expuestos a 0.5 ppm de ozono o aire fresco, por 6 horas al día durante 30 días consecutivos. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en los niveles de triptófano en todas las regiones del estudio entre los grupos con diferente condición nutricional (p<0.05). Estos resultados sugieren que la alimentación deficiente en proteínas y la exposición a ozono, son condiciones que favorecen la formación de diversas reacciones que alteran los niveles de triptófano en el cerebro
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Cérebro , Ozônio , Triptofano , Dieta , Ratos WistarRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la formación de radicales libres así como la peroxidación de lípidos en cerebro de ratas machos de la cepa Wistar, de 51 días de edad con diferente condición nutricional, en un diseño factorial 1 x 2, alimentadas ad libitum. Un grupo de ratas fue alimentado con una dieta normal (23 por ciento de proteína), y otro grupo con una dieta normo-calórica hipoprotéica (7 por ciento de proteína), durante 30 días. Semanalmente se midió el nivel de glutatión oxidado en sangre, y al final del experimento se determinó la peroxidación de lípidos en cerebro, mediante la cuantificación de las sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Los resultados presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en los niveles de glutatión oxidado en sangre y de TBARS en cerebro, entre los grupos con diferente dieta (p<0.05). Por lo que se sugiere, que existe una relación cualitativa en las alteraciones bioquímicas de los animales del estudio.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Cérebro , Deficiência de Proteína/fisiopatologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Glutationa/fisiologia , Distúrbios NutricionaisRESUMO
Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were distributed at random in a factorial design 2 x 2, with two age groups (20 and 90 days old), and two treatments (chronically exposed to toluene vapors 30,000-40,000 ppm in air/15 minutes per day for 30 days, and controls with only air). Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the rats were tested for conditioned behavior in a "T" maze of avoidance electric shock. Latency of initial response to escape (LIRE) and latency of escape (LE) were measured in seconds. Adult rats both exposed to chronic toluene inhalation and non-exposed showed higher values of LIRE and LE with respect young rats. Animals exposed to chronic toluene inhalation also presented higher values of latency in both LIRE and LE when compared to non-exposed to toluene (controls) of the same age. The differences were evaluated by Friedman's test. The findings are suggestive of brain dysfunction associated with chronic toluene inhalation, and may represent a delay to respond to a displeasure stimulus probably due to defect of internal mechanisms of facilitation-inhibition of neural impulses, mediated by neurotransmitters.