RESUMO
Introducción: La conducta suicida incluye el intento suicida y el suicidio consumado. En Cuba ocupa la décima causa de muerte en el cuadro de mortalidad y la tercera en los adolescentes. Objetivo: Caracterizar la conducta suicida en jóvenes y adultos en la provincia Mayabeque en 2018 y 2019. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. El universo quedó conformado por todos los casos de morbilidad por intento suicida registrados en las tarjetas de enfermedad de declaración obligatoria y los casos de mortalidad por suicidio registrados en la base de datos de la Dirección Provincial de Salud de Mayabeque entre 2018 y 2019. Entre las variables se consideraron: edad, sexo, métodos y municipios de residencia. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad bruta y específica calculadas por 100 000 habitantes por sexo y la razón hombre/mujer. Las variables estudiadas se expresaron en porcentajes. Resultados: Se notificaron 711 intentos suicidas. El sexo femenino exteriorizó 475 (66,8 %) casos. La razón de intento/suicidio de forma general fue de 6,8 en 2018 y de 7,7 en 2019. Se registraron 101 suicidios. El sexo masculino presentó 81 (80,2 %) casos. El método más empleado para el suicidio fue el ahorcamiento en 72 (71,2 %) casos. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino resultó el más afectado en el intento y el masculino en el suicidio. Se necesita identificar los factores de riesgo de la conducta suicida para su prevención.
Introduction: Suicidal behavior includes the suicide attempt and completed suicide. In Cuba it ranks tenth among the leading causes of death and third among adolescents according to the mortality record. Objective: To characterize the suicidal behavior in young people and adults from Mayabeque province in 2018 and 2019. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study. The universe of study comprised all the morbidity cases for suicide attempt registered in the notifiable disease cards and the mortality cases for completed suicide registered in Provincial Health Department database in Mayabeque in 2018 and 2019. Among the variables studied were age, sex, suicide methods, and municipality of residence. Crude and cause-specific mortality rates were calculated per 100 000 population by sex and woman/man ratio. Variables were expressed as percentage. Results: A total of 711 suicide attempts were reported. Female sex accounted for 475 (66.8%) cases. Overall, the suicide attempt/completed suicide ratio was of 6.8 in 2018 and 7.7 in 2019. A total of 101 completed suicides were reported. There were 81 cases (80.2%) among male sex. Hanging was the most common suicide method in 72 cases (71.2 %). Conclusions: Suicide attempts are more frequent among women while completed suicide is more frequent among men. It is necessary to identify the risk factors associated to suicidal behavior for their prevention.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: el canfenol plus, es un derivado clorado del fenol empleado de forma habitual como medicación intraconducto durante los tratamientos pulporradiculares en Estomatología. Son escasos los estudios en relación con sus efectos sobre el músculo liso vascular arterial y la participación del endotelio en estos. Objetivo: determinar la dependencia endotelial del efecto de canfenol plus 3 % sobre el músculo liso vascular arterial. Material y Métodos: se realizó una investigación experimental preclínica utilizando 26 anillos de carótida externa desprovistos de endotelio vascular. Las preparaciones realizadas se colocaron en baño de órganos, registrándose la tensión desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular tras la adición de acetilcolina, así como de soluciones de canfenol plus 3 % durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. La dependencia entre ambas tensiones, se determinó a través de un modelo de regresión lineal simple. Resultados: tras la preactivación con solución Krebs concentrada de iones potasio, la adición de 10 μl de acetilcolina y canfenol plus 3 %, indujeron una discreta, pero significativa vasorrelajación de la musculatura lisa vascular. El modelo de regresión lineal elaborado, demostró la dependencia entre las variables tensión producida por acetilcolina y tensión producida por el fármaco al décimo minuto, corroborando la implicación del endotelio vascular en dicho efecto relajante. Conclusiones: el canfenol plus 3 %, produjo in vitro, un efecto vasorrelajante sobre la musculatura lisa de anillos de carótida externa, dependiente de endotelio y a partir de un factor relajante o hiperpolarizante derivado de este.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Camphenol plus is a chlorinated phenol derivative commonly used as intracanal medication during pulporradicular treatments in Dentistry. Studies in relation to its effects on arterial vascular smooth muscle and the involvement of the endothelium in them are scarce. Objective: To determine the endothelial dependence of the effect of 3 % camphenol plus on arterial vascular smooth muscle. Material and Methods: A preclinical experimental research was carried out using 26 external carotid artery rings devoid of vascular endothelium. The preparations made were placed in an organ bath, recording the tension developed by the vascular smooth muscle after the addition of acetylcholine, as well as 3 % Camphenol plus solutions during different intervals of time. The dependence between both tensions was determined through a simple linear regression model. Results: After pre-activation with Krebs concentrated potassium ion solution, the addition of 10 μl of acetylcholine and 3 % camphenol plus induced a discrete but significant vasorelaxation of the vascular smooth muscle. The linear regression model developed demonstrated the dependence between the variables tension produced by acetylcholine and tension produced by the drug at the tenth minute, corroborating the involvement of the vascular endothelium in that vasorelaxant effect. Conclusions: It is concluded that 3 % Camphenol plus in vitro, produced a vasorelaxant effect on the smooth muscle of external carotid rings dependent on endothelium and from a relaxing or hiperpolarizing factor derived from it.
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
Introducción: Uno de los derivados de los clorofenoles más utilizado en Estomatología, lo constituye el p-clorofenol (4-clorofenol), empleado como agente antibacteriano en la desinfección del conducto radicular durante el tratamiento pulporradicular. Son escasos los reportes científicos sobre sus efectos en la musculatura lisa vascular arterial y la regulación del flujo sanguíneo local. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del 4-clorofenol sobre el músculo liso vascular de aorta abdominal de ratas Wistar. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación experimental preclínica, utilizando 30 anillos de aorta abdominal (porción superior) obtenidos de ratas Wistar adultas. Las preparaciones de unos 5 mm se colocaron en baño de órganos, registrándose la tensión desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular tras la adición de 4-clorofenol en diferentes concentraciones y durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Resultados: El 4-clorofenol, tras la preactivación del musculo liso vascular de anillos de aorta abdominal, indujo relajación del vaso, la que se incrementó durante todo el tiempo de estudio y al aumento de la concentración del medicamento. Existieron diferencias significativas entre los valores de tensión promedios registrados en los diferentes intervalos de tiempo con los de la tensión base inicial. Conclusiones: El p-clorofenol indujo in vitro, relajación del músculo liso vascular de aorta abdominal de ratas Wistar(AU)
Introduction: In Dentistry, p-chlorophenol (4-chlorophenol) is one of the most widely used derivatives of chlorophenols. It is used as an antibacterial agent in root canal disinfection during pulp-radicular treatment. There are few scientific reports on its effects on vascular smooth musculature and the regulation of local blood flow. Objective: To determine the effect of 4-chlorophenol on vascular smooth muscle of abdominal aorta from Wistar rats. Material and Methods: A preclinical experimental research was carried out using 30 abdominal aortic rings (upper portion) obtained from adult Wistar rats. The preparations of about 5 mm were placed in an organ bath, recording the tension developed by the vascular smooth muscle after the addition of 4-chlorophenol at different concentrations and during different time intervals. Results: The results demonstrate that 4-Chlorophenol induced vasorelaxation after the preactivation of the vascular smooth muscle of the abdominal aortic rings, which increased during the entire study time and with increased drug concentration. There were significant differences among average tension values registered at different intervals of time in relation to the initial base tension. Conclusions: It is concluded that in vitro, p-chlorophenol induced relaxation of abdominal aorta vascular smooth muscle in Wistar rats(AU)
Assuntos
Ratos , Medicina Bucal , Odontologia , Antibacterianos , Músculo Liso Vascular , Técnicas In Vitro , Clorofenóis/uso terapêutico , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Introducción: La carótida externa es una arteria muscular que irriga todos los componentes del sistema masticatorio, por lo que la regulación de la dinámica contráctil de su músculo liso vascular es imprescindible para garantizar el tono y el flujo sanguíneo tisular y modular la respuesta inflamatoria. Objetivo: Describir la dinámica contráctil espontánea del musculo liso vascular de la arteria carótida externa. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación experimental en el Instituto de Fisiología Oscar Langerdorff de la Facultad de Medicina, en la Universidad de Rostock, Alemania, de octubre a diciembre del 2018, en la cual se utilizaron 60 anillos de arterias carótidas externas obtenidas de 10 ratas Wistar adultas de ambos sexos. A dichos anillos se les practicó un corte helicoidal y fueron colocados en un baño de órganos, para registrarles, luego, la tensión espontánea desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular contra una carga de 1 gramo, durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Resultados: Los registros de la actividad contracción-relajación espontánea del músculo liso vascular de la arteria carótida externa fluctuaron dentro de un rango estrecho de cifras de tensión, con valores máximos de 8,48 ± 0,03 y mínimos de 8,33 ± 0,03, y una diferencia de 0,08 mN/g de músculo. Los valores promedios de tensión en cada intervalo de tiempo fueron muy cercanos, con desviaciones estándar que evidenciaron muy poca dispersión de los datos respecto a la media. La tensión promedio general registrada fue de 8,40 ± 0,032 mN/g. Conclusiones: La dinámica contráctil espontánea desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular de la arteria carótida externa mostró una progresión irregular en el tiempo, con valores promedios de tensión que oscilaron entre 5-10 mN/g de músculo.
Introduction: The external carotid is a muscle artery irrigating all components of the masticatory system, so that the regulation of the contractile dynamics of its vascular smooth muscle is important. Objective: To describe the spontaneous contractile dynamics of the vascular smooth muscle of the external carotid artery. Methods: An experimental investigation was carried out in the Oscar Langerdorff Physiology Institute from the Medicine Faculty at Rostock University, Germany, from October to December 2018, in which 60 rings of the external carotid artery obtained from 10 adult Wistar rats from both sexes. An helical cut was made to each ring and they were placed in an organ bath, to be registered, then, the spontaneous strain developed by the vascular smooth muscle against a charge of 1 g, during different time intervals was registered. Results: The records from the spontaneous contraction-relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle in the external carotid artery fluctuated within a narrow range of strain figures, with maximum values of 8.48 ± 0.03 and minimum of 8.33 ± 0.03, and a difference of 0.08 mN/g of muscle. Average strain values in each time interval were very closed, with standard deviations which evidenced a very small data dispersion regarding the mean. The average general registered strain was 8.40 ± 0.032 mN/g. Conclusions: The spontaneous contractile dynamics developed by the vascular smooth muscle of the external carotid artery showed an irregular progression in time, with average strain values fluctuating between 5-10 mN/g of muscle.
Assuntos
Artéria Carótida Externa , Ratos Wistar , Pesquisa , Músculo Liso VascularRESUMO
Introducción: La estratificación epidemiológica de riesgo es un proceso integrado de diagnóstico-intervención-evaluación, que sirve para la toma de decisiones. El riesgo de morir por suicidio, en quienes hacen intentos es 100 veces superior a la población general. Objetivo: Estratificar epidemiológicamente el intento suicida según provincias de residencia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico mixto. El universo fueron los registros de intento suicida, a través de las tarjetas de enfermedad de declaración obligatoria de los Registros Médicos y Estadísticas del Ministerio de Salud Pública desde 1990 hasta 2014. Las variables fueron: sexo, edad y provincias de residencia. Se calcularon las tasas de morbilidad acumuladas, brutas, ajustadas y específicas por 100 000 habitantes. La estratificación se realizó tomando como punto de corte los percentiles, quedando Muy alto riesgo por encima del 75 percentil, Alto riesgo entre 50-74; Moderado riesgo entre 25-49 y Bajo riesgo por debajo del 25 percentil. Se calculó el porcentaje de cambio relativo de la serie y los porcentajes, según variables. Resultados: Desde 1990-2014 se produjeron 291 524 intentos suicidas (20 823 intentos por año), de los cuales el 71,5 por ciento fueron mujeres, Las provincias de Muy Alto Riesgo en el periodo 1990-2014 fueron: Cienfuegos (tasa 151,9), Holguín (135,2), Santiago de Cuba (126,9) y Granma (125,2) tasas por 100 000 habitantes; y durante 2011-2014: Matanzas (tasas de 154,4), Las Tunas (154,3), Cienfuegos (148,3) y Holguín (147,3) por 100 000 hab. Conclusiones: La estratificación de riesgo a nivel provincial varió en los periodos estudiados. El sexo femenino y los adolescentes fueron los de mayor riesgo en el intento suicida(AU)
Introduction: Epidemiological risk stratification is an integrated process of diagnosis, intervention and evaluation, used for decision-making. The risk of dying by suicide in those who make attempts is a hundred times higher than in the general population. Objective: To stratify suicide attempt epidemiologically, according to province of residence. Methods: A mixed ecological study was carried out. The universe was made up of the records of suicide attempts, accessed through the files of reportable diseases from the Medical Registries and Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health from 1990 to 2014. The variables were sex, age and provinces of residence. Cumulative gross, adjusted and specific morbidity rates per 100 000 inhabitants were calculated. The stratification was carried out taking the percentiles as cut-off point, leaving very high risk above the 75th percentile, high risk between the 50th and the 74th percentiles, moderate risk between the 25th and the 49th percentiles, and low risk below the 25th percentile. The relative change percentage of the series and the percentages were calculated, according to variables. Results: From 1990 to 2014, there were 291 524 suicide attempts (20 823 attempts per year), of which 71.5 por ciento corresponded to women. The provinces with very high risk in the period 1990-2014 were Cienfuegos, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba and Granma, accounting, respectively, for rates of 151.9, 135.2, 126.9 and 125.2 per 100 000 inhabitants; and during 2011-2014, Matanzas, Las Tunas, Cienfuegos and Holguín, accounting, respectively, for rates of 154.4, 154.3, 148.3 and 147.3 per 100 000 inhabitants. Conclusions: Risk stratification at the provincial level varied in the periods studied. The female sex and adolescents were the most at risk of suicide attempt(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Classe Social , Tentativa de Suicídio , Risco , CubaRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: uno de los antisépticos comúnmente empleado en Estomatología desde el pasado siglo y que mantiene su uso hasta la actualidad, lo constituye el Camphenol Plus. Son escasos los reportes científicos de su efecto sobre el endotelio y la dinámica contráctil del músculo liso vascular, en especial de tejidos venosos como la vena porta hepática. Objetivo: determinar el efecto del Camphenol Plus sobre el músculo liso vascular de la vena porta. Métodos: se realizó una investigación experimental preclínica, con la utilización de 21 venas porta obtenidas de ratas Wistar. Las preparaciones realizadas se colocaron en baño de órganos, se registró la tensión desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular tras la adición de diez microlitros de Camphenol Plus, en diferentes concentraciones y durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Resultados: el Camphenol Plus, tras la preactivación del musculo liso vascular de la vena porta, indujo vasorelajación, la que se incrementó durante todo el tiempo de estudio y según el incremento de las concentraciones del medicamento. Existieron diferencias significativas entre los valores de tensión promedios registrados en los diferentes intervalos de tiempo con los de la tensión espontánea basal y la tensión base inicial. Conclusiones: el Camphenol Plus, indujo "in vitro", relajación de la musculatura lisa de la vena porta a través de un acoplamiento excitación-contracción de tipo farmacomecánico.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Camphenol Plus is one of the antiseptics commonly used in Dentistry since the last century and still in use today. There are few scientific reports of its effect on the endothelium and contractile dynamics of vascular smooth muscle, especially in venous tissues such as the hepatic portal vein. Objective: to determine the effect of Camphenol Plus on the vascular smooth muscle of the portal vein. Methods: a preclinical experimental investigation was carried out using 21 portal veins obtained from Wistar rats. The preparations were placed in an organ bath and the tension developed by the vascular smooth muscle was recorded after the addition of ten microliter of Camphenol Plus, at different concentrations and during different time intervals. Results: Camphenol Plus, after the preactivation of the vascular smooth muscle of the portal vein, induced relaxation, which increased throughout the study time and according to the increase in drug concentrations. There were significant differences between the average tension values recorded in the different time intervals with those of the basal spontaneous tension and the initial baseline tension. Conclusions: Camphenol Plus induced "in vitro" relaxation of portal venous smooth muscles through a pharmacomechanical excitation-contraction coupling.
RESUMO
White-rot fungi are efficient lignin degraders due to the secretion of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase, and versatile peroxidase (VP) on decayed wood. The VP is a high-redox-potential enzyme and could be used to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accumulate in plants during biotic and abiotic stresses. We cloned the VP gene and expressed it via the Agrobacterium transformation procedure in transgenic tobacco plants to assay their tolerance to different abiotic stress conditions. Thirty independent T2 transgenic VP lines overexpressing the fungal Bjerkandera adustaVP gene were selected on kanamycin. The VP22, VP24, and VP27 lines showed significant manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity. The highest was VP22, which showed 10.87-fold more manganese peroxidase activity than the wild-type plants and led to a 34% increase in plant height and 28% more biomass. The VP22, VP24, and VP27 lines showed enhanced tolerance to drought, 200 mM NaCl, and 400 mM sorbitol. Also, these transgenics displayed significant tolerance to methyl viologen, an active oxygen-generating compound. The present data indicate that overproducing the VP gene in plants increases significantly their biomass and the abiotic stress tolerance. The VP enzyme is an effective biotechnological tool to protect organisms against ROS. In transgenic tobacco plants, it improves drought, salt, and oxidative stress tolerance. Thus, the VP gene represents a great potential for obtaining stress-tolerant crops.
RESUMO
El estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la viabilidad de la aplication de herramientas que ilustren el uso de la colección y de la institución, por parte la comunidad usuaria de la Biblioteca Provincial Martí, y contribuyan a una mejor toma de decisiones. La investigación se basó en una combinación de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos; entre ellos, los matemáticos y estadísticos y las herramientas de visualización de la información. La muestra comprendió 1 422 usuarios, representativa del 25 por ciento del total de la población de la Biblioteca Provincial Martí, de Villa Clara. A partir de la información que se generó en el sistema de control estadístico de la institución, se recolectaron, se procesaron y se analizaron indicadores relativos al índice de captación, los servicios por usuarios, el uso de la biblioteca, el índice de circulación de la colección, el índice de rotación de la colección y el co-uso de los documentos por temáticas. Los datos revelaron aspectos esenciales de la gestión de la institución objeto de estudio y la necesidad de acometer acciones con respecto a su política de adquisición y de difusión, a fin de revertir los aspectos con incidencia negativa. El trabajo concluye con el reconocimiento de que la aplicación de esta novedosa forma de tratar los datos es una alternativa para la presentación de información en el proceso de la toma de decisiones de cualquier institución similar(AU)
The purpose of the study was to examine the viability of the application of tools that illustrate the use of the collection and the institution, by the user community of the Martí Provincial Library, which contributes to better decision-making.The research was based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, among them mathematical and statistical, and information visualization tools. The sample was composed of 1 422 users representing 25 percent of the total population of Martí Provincial Library in Villa Clara. Starting from the information generated by the statistical control system of the institution, indicators were collected, processed and analyzed which had to do with the following variables: recruitment rate, services per user, use of the library, collection circulation rate, collection turnover rate, and document co-use by subject. The data revealed essential aspects of management at the study institution, as well as the need to implement actions related to their acquisition and dissemination policy with a view to improving deficient areas. The paper recognizes that application of this novel way to treat data is an alternative for the presentation of information in the decision-making process at any similar institution(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Software , Difusão , BibliotecasRESUMO
A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted in sugar cane crops in a total of 14 soils, and positive results were obtained for strain MC5-2014 in the municipality of Tepalcingo, Morelos, in soil with a sandy loam texture and a pH of 6.4. Species determination was performed via morphological and morphometric techniques by searching for a tubular stoma with a swollen cylindrical pharyngeal body and a metacorpus in the basal part. The range of body length (L) was 750 to 1200 µm in females and 720 to 910 µm in males, while the corresponding maximum widths (W) of the body were 30 to 60 µm and 20 to 30 µm, respectively. Males exhibited bursa with a 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 distribution of papillae, and females exhibited a vulva located at the mid-body. For molecular identification, the ITS region of ribosomal DNA was used. Virulence tests (LC50) were conducted with Galleria mellonella, and a value of 4.732 was obtained for infective juveniles (IJs). Taking taxonomic and molecular characteristics into account, the isolate was determined to be Oscheius myriophila. The isolation of this strain represents the first geographic report of O. myriophila in Mexico, and it should be noted that the cultivation of sugar cane occurs with constant application of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers as well as harvesting activities such as burning of the crop for harvest. The O. myriophila isolate has the potential to be used in the future as a method of biological control in our country.A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted in sugar cane crops in a total of 14 soils, and positive results were obtained for strain MC5-2014 in the municipality of Tepalcingo, Morelos, in soil with a sandy loam texture and a pH of 6.4. Species determination was performed via morphological and morphometric techniques by searching for a tubular stoma with a swollen cylindrical pharyngeal body and a metacorpus in the basal part. The range of body length (L) was 750 to 1200 µm in females and 720 to 910 µm in males, while the corresponding maximum widths (W) of the body were 30 to 60 µm and 20 to 30 µm, respectively. Males exhibited bursa with a 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 distribution of papillae, and females exhibited a vulva located at the mid-body. For molecular identification, the ITS region of ribosomal DNA was used. Virulence tests (LC50) were conducted with Galleria mellonella, and a value of 4.732 was obtained for infective juveniles (IJs). Taking taxonomic and molecular characteristics into account, the isolate was determined to be Oscheius myriophila. The isolation of this strain represents the first geographic report of O. myriophila in Mexico, and it should be noted that the cultivation of sugar cane occurs with constant application of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers as well as harvesting activities such as burning of the crop for harvest. The O. myriophila isolate has the potential to be used in the future as a method of biological control in our country.
RESUMO
Data in this paper covers in-cylinder pressure and volume, crank angle degrees as time magnitude, first derivate of in-cylinder pressure, admission pressure and injection pressure in a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel. This data brings additional information such as ignition delay and rate of heat released. As condensed information, some graphs were obtained and are into the database such as in-cylinder vs. CAD, first derivate of in-cylinder pressure vs. CAD and ROHR vs. CAD. The data shows the measurements of the cylinder pressure behaviour of biodiesel from two different sources, which are both of interest of bioenergy industry at local scenarios (Jatropha curcas and Fatty Acid Distillates). Data in the paper are shown in Tables and Graphs. Through this data, a more accurate approach to engines performance and combustion can be reach, enhancing combustion efficiency and understanding of differences with standard diesel fuel.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare screw fixation strength for subtalar arthrodesis. METHODS: Eight matched pairs of cadaver feet underwent subtalar joint arthrodesis with two 7.3mm cannulated screws. Randomization was used to assign screw orientation, such that one foot in each pair was assigned dorsal to plantar screw orientation (DP Group), and the other foot, plantar to dorsal orientation (PD Group). Standard surgical technique with fluoroscopy was used for each approach. Following fixation, each specimen was loaded to failure with a Bionix ® 858 MTS device, applying a downward axial force at a distance to create torque. Torque to failure was compared between DP and PD Groups using Student's t test, with p=0.05 used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: Statistical analysis demonstrated that the mean torque to failure slightly favored the DP Group (37.3Nm) to the PD Group (32.2Nm). However, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.55). CONCLUSION: In subtalar arthrodesis, there is no significant difference in construct strength between dorsal-to-plantar and plantar-to-dorsal screw orientation. The approach chosen by the surgeon should be based on factors other than the biomechanical strength of the screw orientation.
Assuntos
Artrodese/métodos , Parafusos Ósseos , Articulação Talocalcânea/cirurgia , Artrodese/instrumentação , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Cadáver , Calcâneo/cirurgia , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Tálus/cirurgia , Torque , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
Data on the rapid, elemental and calorimetric analysis, such as ash melting behaviour and thermogravimetric profiles of six Cuban biomass feedstock are shown, in order to assess their potential for bioenergy production. The studied biomasses are Jatropha curcas husk, Moringa oleifera husk, Dichrostachys cinerea, Ulva lactuca, Chaetomorpha gracilis and Sargassum fluitants. Seed, kernels or stems and algae were characterized by weight. Sample preparation and tests were established according to referenced German standards with particle size <75 mm. In addition, thermogravimetric analyses have been performed at 10 °C/min in Argon atmosphere. Data in the paper are shown in Tables and Graphs. The data represent valuable information for simulation or further implementation of gasification or pyrolysis processes using these biomasses.
RESUMO
Introducción: La pandemia del COVID-19 representa un impacto trascendental para la salud mental, lo que es poco abordado por su relativa invisibilidad, lo que puede comprometer especialmente a las personas más vulnerables, entre las que se encuentra la población infantojuvenil. Objetivo: Examinar los factores que influyen en la salud mental de la población infantojuvenil durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó la revisión bibliográfica entre mayo y agosto de 2020 utilizando como fuentes de información la literatura publicada en las bases de datos de Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, SciELO, Cumed, Lilacs. Se utilizaron las palabras clave: COVID-19, cuarentena, confinamiento, distanciamiento social, salud mental, trastornos mentales, trastornos psiquiátricos, infancia, adolescencia. Resultados: Se consideraron temáticas como estrés, afectación física, distanciamiento y aislamiento social, experiencias adversas, resiliencia, salud mental, impacto psicológico, maltrato infantil, y familia. Las experiencias adversas vividas durante las etapas de desarrollo ocupan un lugar crítico en la conformación de la salud mental. Consideraciones finales: La salud mental de la población infantojuvenil puede afectarse por las consecuencias adversas de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y estar la persona en pleno desarrollo psicológico. No todas las respuestas psicológicas podrán calificarse como enfermedades, porque la mayoría son reacciones normales ante una situación anormal. El factor protector por excelencia de los infantes y adolescentes es la familia con la presencia de adultos responsables y estables que puedan ofrecer el apoyo necesario, establecer rutinas y hábitos saludables, y promover la resiliencia(AU)
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic represents a momentous impact for mental health which is poorly addressed due to its relative invisibility; but it can affect especially most vulnerable people, among them the children-adolescents´ population. Objective: Examine the factors impacting in children-adolescents population's mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: It was carried out a bibliographic review from May to August 2020 using literature published in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, SciELO, Cumed, and Lilacs databases as information sources. Some keywords were used as: COVID-19, quarantine, confinement, social distancing, mental health, mental disorders, psychiatric disorders, childhood, and adolescence. Results: Themes as stress, physical impairment, social distancing and isolation, adverse experiences, resilience, mental health, psychological impact, child abuse, and family were reviewed. Adverse experiences lived during the development stages have a critical place in the composition of mental health. Final considerations: Mental health in the children-adolescents´ population can be affected by the adverse consequences of COVID-19 pandemic when the person is in the middle of the psychological development. Not all the psychological responses can be qualified as diseases because most of them are normal reactions to an abnormal situation. The ultimate protection's factor for children and adolescents is the family with presence of stable and responsible adults who can offer them the necessary support, establish routines and healthy habits, and promote resilience(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Isolamento Social , Saúde Mental , Doença , Infecções por Coronavirus , Estilo de Vida SaudávelRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To compare screw fixation strength for subtalar arthrodesis. Methods Eight matched pairs of cadaver feet underwent subtalar joint arthrodesis with two 7.3mm cannulated screws. Randomization was used to assign screw orientation, such that one foot in each pair was assigned dorsal to plantar screw orientation (DP Group), and the other foot, plantar to dorsal orientation (PD Group). Standard surgical technique with fluoroscopy was used for each approach. Following fixation, each specimen was loaded to failure with a Bionix ® 858 MTS device, applying a downward axial force at a distance to create torque. Torque to failure was compared between DP and PD Groups using Student's t test, with p=0.05 used to determine statistical significance. Results Statistical analysis demonstrated that the mean torque to failure slightly favored the DP Group (37.3Nm) to the PD Group (32.2Nm). However, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.55). Conclusion In subtalar arthrodesis, there is no significant difference in construct strength between dorsal-to-plantar and plantar-to-dorsal screw orientation. The approach chosen by the surgeon should be based on factors other than the biomechanical strength of the screw orientation.
RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a força de fixação dos parafusos para artrodese subtalar. Métodos Oito pares de pés de cadáveres frescos foram submetidos à artrodese da articulação subtalar com dois parafusos canulados de 7,3mm. A randomização foi usada para atribuir a orientação do parafuso, de modo que um pé em cada par foi designado com orientação de dorsal para plantar (Grupo DP), e o outro pé com orientação de plantar para dorsal (Grupo PD). Técnica cirúrgica padrão com radioscopia foi usada para os procedimentos. Após a fixação, cada amostra foi testada até a falha com um dispositivo Bionix®858 MTS, aplicando força axial descendente a uma distância para criar torque. O torque de falha foi comparado entre os Grupos DP e PD, usando o teste t de Student, com p=0,05 usado para determinar significância estatística. Resultados A análise estatística demonstrou que a média do torque até a falha favoreceu ligeiramente o Grupo DP (37,3Nm) em relação ao PD (32,2Nm). No entanto, a diferença entre os dois grupos não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,55). Conclusão Na artrodese subtalar, não há diferença significativa na força de compressão entre as orientações dos parafusos dorsal-plantar e plantar-dorsal. A abordagem escolhida pelo cirurgião deve ser baseada em outros fatores, sem preocupação com a força biomecânica da orientação dos parafusos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Artrodese/métodos , Parafusos Ósseos , Articulação Talocalcânea/cirurgia , Artrodese/instrumentação , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Cadáver , Calcâneo/cirurgia , Tálus/cirurgia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Falha de Tratamento , TorqueRESUMO
In this study we cloned a chitinase gene (SmchiC), from Serratia marcescens isolated from the corpse of a Diatraea magnifactella lepidopteran, which is an important sugarcane pest. The chitinase gene SmchiC amplified from the S. marcescens genome was cloned into the transformation vector p2X35SChiC and used to transform tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petit Havana SR1). The resistance of these transgenic plants to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and to the pest Spodoptera frugiperda was evaluated: both the activity of chitinase as well as the resistance against B. cinerea and S. frugiperda was significantly higher in transgenic plants compared to the wild-type.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Quitinases/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Nicotiana/genética , Serratia marcescens/genética , Transgenes , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Botrytis/patogenicidade , Quitinases/metabolismo , Spodoptera/patogenicidade , Nicotiana/microbiologia , Nicotiana/parasitologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y experimental, a partir de la inducción de un trauma isquémico cerebral permanente, mediante sección de la carótida derecha, en 24 gerbils de Mongolia, procedentes del Centro Nacional para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio, con vistas a identificar los posibles cambios en las poblaciones de neuronas de la fascia dentada del hipocampo durante la isquemia. Los resultados revelaron que la isquemia cerebral permanente produce destrucción progresiva y total de las neuronas en la fascia dentada durante las primeras 72 horas del proceso isquémico y muestra 3 momentos durante su evolución con características específicas para cada uno, así como cambios en las proporciones entre las neuronas en proceso de muerte celular, las aparentemente sanas y aquellas con diferentes cantidades de nucléolos en la zona dañada por el proceso isquémico.
A prospective and experimental study was carried out, from the induction of a permanent cerebral ischemic trauma, by means of a cut to the right carotid vein, in 24 gerbils from Mongolia, obtained from the National Center for Laboratory Animals Production, with the aim of identifying the possible changes in the neurons populations of the hypocampus dentate fascia during ischemia. The results revealed that the permanent cerebral ischemia produces progressive and total destruction of the neurons in the dentate fascia during the first 72 hours of the ischemic process and it shows 3 moments during its course, each of them with specific characteristics, as well as changes in the proportions among the neurons during cellular death, those apparently healthy and those with different quantities of nucleolous in the area damaged by the ischemic process.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Infarto Cerebral , Isquemia Encefálica/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Gerbillinae/metabolismo , Camundongos/metabolismo , Ensaio Clínico , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular CerebralRESUMO
The results of a quantitative study about the potential environmental impact of ozone layer depletion due to the manufacture of plastic bags in a plant located in northern Colombia are presented in this article. The identification of the emitted gases is essential to determine their contribution to the depletion of the ozone layer and is measured in Kg. Eq. CFC-11 with LCA software, SimaPro. The criterion used in this evaluation are based on a life cycle analysis methodology and the objectives, scope and limitations of the productive system were defined based on this. From this information an inventory was made, taking as the main element the quantitative measurement of matter and energy flows for all inputs and outputs of the production process. The information about the process enabled the identification, characterization and assessment of the environmental impact of global warming related to the production of plastic bags, leading to the conclusion that the most polluting process is that of extrusion followed by the printing of plastic bags.
RESUMO
Endophytic Klebsiella variicola KvMx2 and Klebsiella pneumoniae KpMx1 isolates obtained from the same sugarcane stem were used for whole-genome sequencing. The genomes revealed clear differences in essential genes for plant growth, development, and detoxification, as well as nitrogen fixation, catalases, cellulases, and shared virulence factors described in the K. pneumoniae pathogen.
RESUMO
ResumenLos helechos y licófitas son un grupo de plantas vasculares de interés para entender la evolución de las interacciones micorrízicas y su preservación es de relevancia por sus múltiples interacciones ecológicas. El registro de los diferentes grupos taxonómicos de hongos asociados a helechos y licófitas se encuentra fragmentado y el criterio para su diagnóstico inconsistente, lo que dificulta el entendimiento y la determinación del estatus micorrízico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el porcentaje de especies de helechos y licófitas que tiene distribución en México de las que se tiene información sobre hongos endomicorrízicos. Se integró un listado de la presencia de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), Mucoromycotina y hongos septados oscuros (HSO) asociados a helechos y licófitas, a través de una búsqueda exhaustiva de información. En este trabajo se consideró una especie micorrízica arbuscular, por los arbúsculos, para diferenciarla de la colonización por hifas, vesículas u ovillos. El estudio generó un listado de ocurrencia de interacciones endomicorrízicas en 27 familias, 61 géneros y 137 especies de helechos y licófitas, que representa el 13.37 % de las especies, 91 % de los géneros y 77 % de las familias registradas para México. El 78.1 % de las especies presentó colonización por hongos, el 56.2 % fueron por HMA, el 8.9 % solo presentó colonización por hifas, vesículas o coils, el 21.8 % fue por HSO y el 1. 4 % por hongos Mucoromycotina. Del total de especies, la mayor presencia de colonización se presentó en especies terrestres 76.59 %, saxícolas 33.33 %, acuáticas 20 % y epífitas con 6.25 %. Las familias de helechos y licófitas con mayor número de especies colonizadas fueron: Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae y Dryopteridaceae. El presente trabajo muestra que la asociación de HMA y HSO es la más ampliamente distribuida en las familias y especies de helechos y licófitas. Surge la necesidad de incluir a los helechos y licófitas en los estudios de interacciones endomicorrízicas ya que únicamente 28 especies (20 %) fueron estudiadas en ecosistemas de México. La mayoría de los estudios se enfocan en la fase esporofítica (80 %). Sin embargo, para entender el papel que juegan las micorrizas en el establecimiento de helechos y licófitas se requiere incluir a la fase gametofítica, así como estudios de ecología, biología molecular, así como trabajos experimentales de fisiología. La información presentada es de relevancia para implementar estrategias alternativas de conservación, debido a que muchas especies de helechos y licófitas requieren de la asociación micorrízica para su crecimiento y supervivencia.
AbstractFerns and lycophytes are a group of vascular plants of interest to understand the evolution of mycorrhizal interactions; their preservation is of relevance for their multiple ecological relations. The record of different taxonomic groups of fungi associated with ferns and lycophytes is fragmentary, and the criteria for it identification is inconsistent, which hinders the understanding and determination of mycorrhizal status. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of the species of ferns and lycophytes with distribution in Mexico, and with information of fungal interactions. A checklist of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Mucoromycotina and dark septate fungi (DSF) associated with ferns and lycophytes was integrated through an exhaustive global literature search. In this study, mycorrhizal species was considered by the presence of arbuscules to differentiate with hyphal, vesicular and coils colonization. The study gathered a checklist of mycorrhizal occurrences of 27 families, 61 genus and 137 species of ferns and lycophytes, which covers 13.4 % of the species, 91 % of the genus and 77 % of the families distributed in Mexico. The 78.1 % of the species showed colonization, 56.2 % by AMF, 29.9 % by DSF and 0.72 % by Mucoromycotina fungi. From the total of the species, the higher presences of colonization were in terrestrial, epiphytic, saxicolous, and aquatic plants with 76.6 %, 33.3 %, 20 %, and 6.3 %, respectively. The families of ferns and lycophytes with the higher number of species colonized were Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae. The present study showed the widespread associations of AMF and DSF in ferns and lycophytes of Mexico. It is urgently needed to include ferns and lycophytes in studies focused on endomycorhizal interactions, since only 28 species (28 %) were studied in Mexican ecosystems. The majority of studies were focused on sporophytic face (80 %). Nonetheless, to understand the role that plays the mycorrhiza in the establishment of ferns and lycophytes, it is necessary to include the gametophytic face in ecological, molecular and physiological experimental studies. This information is important to implement conservation strategies, because a considerable number of ferns and lycophytes species, depend on these mycorrhizal associations for their growth and survival. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1062-1081. Epub 2017 September 01.
RESUMO
Osmotic variations in the soil can affect bacterial growth diminishing the number of inoculated bacteria. In a scenario of water deficit having tolerant bacteria would be beneficial to achieve a better response of the plant to stress. Thus, selection of more resistant bacteria could be useful to design new inoculants to be used in arid zones. In this sense, a group of Azospirillum isolates deposited in INTA collection was characterized in order to select strains tolerant to osmotic stress. The results obtained demonstrated that Az19 strain has similar in vitro PGPR characteristics to Az39, the most used strain in Argentina for inoculants industries, with the advantage of a better tolerance to osmotic and salt stress. Inoculation of maize plants with this strain resulted in a better response against water deficit compared to Az39 strain, encouraging us to further study the behavior of this strain in greenhouse and field trials in view of developing new inoculants suitable for areas with water deficit.