RESUMO
The knowledge of lice associated with small ruminants, especially sheep and goats, is scarce. In Mexico, there are historical reports of six species of chewing and sucking lice associated with Capra hircus and Ovis canadensis. However, the reports did not analyze the ecology of the infestations or the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria. For this reason, the objectives of this study were i) to identify the species of lice associated with sheep and goats in three states of the Mexican Republic, ii) to characterize the infestations, and iii) to identify the presence of bacterial pathogens. From October 2019 to August 2021, six ranches with sheep and goats were sampled in the states of Hidalgo and Veracruz. Hosts were visually inspected, and lice were retrieved with forceps. The specimens were sexed and identified using morphological taxonomic keys. DNA extraction was performed individually, and a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) was amplified for the molecular identification of the specimens. Subsequently, Anaplasma, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia were molecularly detected. Additionally, the infestations were characterized by calculating the prevalence and mean abundances. We collected 563 specimens of three species, Bovicola caprae, Bovicola ovis, and Linognathus africanus. The highest infestation levels were recorded for B. ovis (66.7%; 4.4) from Veracruz. Additionally, two Bartonella species were detected: Bartonella mellophagi in B. ovis and Bartonella capreoli in L. africanus. In contrast, Mycoplasma ovis was detected exclusively in one pool of B. ovis. This study provides new bacterial-ectoparasite associations and highlights the possible role of these neglected ectoparasites as vectors in the populations of sheep and goats from Mexico.
Assuntos
Anoplura , Bartonella , Iscnóceros , Mycoplasma , Ovinos , Animais , Cabras , México/epidemiologia , Bartonella/genéticaRESUMO
The global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disrupted both public and private life for many. Concerning medical students, practical teaching and classrooms were substituted with a virtual curriculum. However, how this new academic environment has affected students' health and lifestyles has yet to be studied. In this study, we surveyed 2,776 students from nine different countries about changes in their university curricula and potential alterations in their daily habits, physical health, and psychological status. We found negative changes across all countries studied, in multiple categories. We found that 99% of respondents indicated changes in their instruction delivery system, with 90% stating a transition to online education, and 93% stating a reduction or suspension of their practical activities. On average, students spent 8.7 hours a day in front of a screen, with significant differences among countries. Students reported worsened studying, sleeping, and eating habits with substantial differences in Latin American countries. Finally, the participants frequently expressed onset and increase in both mental and physical health symptoms: backache, asthenopia, irritability, and emotional instability. Altogether, these results suggest a potential risk in the health and academic performance of future doctors if these new academic modalities are maintained.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Introducción: La leptospirosis humana es una enfermedad zoonótica con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas (cefalea y mialgia), las cuales pueden confundirse con otras enfermedades febriles como: gripe, malaria, dengue, fiebre amarilla, hepatitis vírica y rickettsiosis. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Costa Grande de Guerrero. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario a los estudiantes de la Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3 con la finalidad de conocer algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira spp. La determinación de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira y la identificación de las serovariedades se realizaron con la técnica de microaglutinación. Se consideró un suero positivo cuando se observó una aglutinación en una dilución igual o mayor a 1:100. Resultados: En el estudio la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira spp. fue de 12,1 por ciento (8/66). Se detectaron anticuerpos a 8 serovariedades de Leptospira spp. El 62,5 por ciento (5/8) de los sueros presentó más de una serovariedad. Las serovariedades y frecuencia fueron icterohaemorrhagiae 25 por ciento (4/16), hardjo 18,8 por ciento (3/16), pyrogenes 18,8 por ciento (3/16), pomona 12,5 por ciento (2/16), canicola 6,2 por ciento (1/16) wolffi 6,2 por ciento (1/16) tarassovi 6,2 por ciento (1/16) y bratislava 6,2 por ciento (1/16). Los factores de riesgo estudiados no se relacionaron con la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se encontraron anticuerpos a Leptospira spp. en estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Por tanto, es pertinente proporcionar información a los estudiantes para prevenir el contacto con el agente causal de la leptospirosis(AU)
Introduction: Human leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of unspecific clinical manifestations (headache and myalgia) which may be confused with those of other febrile diseases, such as influenza, malaria, dengue, yellow fever, viral hepatitis and rickettsiosis. Objective: Determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies among Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics students from Costa Grande de Guerrero. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to students from the Higher Education Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics School No. 3 to obtain information about risk factors associated to the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. Microagglutination technique was used to determine anti-Leptospira antibodies and identify serovars. A serum sample was considered positive when agglutination was observed at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:100. Results: Seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was found to be 12.1 percent (8/66). Antibodies were detected for 8 serovars of Leptospira spp. Of the serum samples analyzed, 62.5 percent (5/8) contained more than one serovar. The serovars and their frequency were the following: icterohaemorrhagiae 25 percent (4/16), hardjo 18.8 percent (3/16), pyrogenes 18.8 percent (3/16), pomona 12.5 percent (2/16), canicola 6.2 percent (1/16), wolffi 6.2 percent (1/16), tarassovi 6.2 percent (1/16) and bratislava 6.2 percent (1/16). The risk factors studied were not related to the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies. Conclusions: Leptospira spp. antibodies were found in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics students. It is therefore advisable to provide students with the information required to prevent contact with the causative agent of leptospirosis(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Anticorpos/análise , Faculdades de Medicina Veterinária , Medicina Veterinária , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Soft tissue or skin infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported frequently and are mostly associated with trauma or cosmetic interventions like plastic surgery. However, infection with NTM as a result of a dental procedure have rarely been described and the lack of clinical suspicion and a clear clinical manifestation makes diagnosis challenging. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on three patients with a facial cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin, due to an infection with respectively Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. abscessus and M. peregrinum. The infection source was the dental unit waterlines (DUWLs), which were colonized with NTM. CONCLUSIONS: Water of the DUWL can pose a health risk. This report emphasizes the need for quality control and certification of water flowing through DUWLs, including the absence of NTM. Our report also shows the need for a rapid recognition of NTM infections and accurate laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid long-term ineffective antibiotic treatment.
Assuntos
Face/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Criança , DNA Viral/metabolismo , Feminino , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética , Microbiologia da Água , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Previous studies showed that polymerized-type I collagen (polymerized collagen) exhibits potent immunoregulatory properties. This work evaluated the effect of intramuscular administration of polymerized collagen in early and established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and analyzed changes in Th subsets following therapy. Incidence of CIA was of 100% in mice challenged with type II collagen. Clinimorphometric analysis showed a downregulation of inflammation after administration of all treatments (P < 0.05). Histological analysis showed that the CIA-mice group had extensive bone erosion, pannus and severe focal inflammatory infiltrates. In contrast, there was a remarkable reduction in the severity of arthritis in mice under polymerized collagen, methotrexate or methotrexate/polymerized collagen treatment. Polymerized Collagen but not methotrexate induced tissue joint regeneration. Polymerized Collagen and methotrexate/polymerized collagen but not methotrexate alone induces downregulation of CD4(+)/IL17A(+) T cells and upregulation of Tregs and CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+) T cells. Thus, Polymerized Collagen could be an effective therapeutic agent in early and established rheumatoid arthritis by exerting downregulation of autoimmune inflammation.
Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Colágeno Tipo I/administração & dosagem , Imunoterapia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th17/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Artrite Experimental/fisiopatologia , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/química , Colágeno Tipo I/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Humanos , Imunomodulação , Interleucina-17/genética , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Articulações/efeitos dos fármacos , Articulações/patologia , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Polimerização , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Células Th17/metabolismo , Células Th17/patologiaRESUMO
The serotypes of 178 isolates of Salmonella enterica taken from food in different regions of Cuba between January 2008 and December 2009 were identified, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 100 selected isolates was determined by stratasampling. A total of 20 Salmonella serotypes were identified, with a predominance of S. Enteritidis (23%), S. Agona (13.5%), and S. London (11.2%). Of all the strains, 75%were resistant or presented intermediate resistance to at least one of the drugs tested, in the following order: tetracycline (70.7%), ampicillin (22.7%), and nalidixic acid (14.7%). Ten different resistance patterns were identified. The most frequent patternscorresponded to strains that were either drug-resistant or had intermediate resistance (89.3%). Three strains (identified as S. Infantis, S. Derby, and S. Enteritidis) were multiresistant, and one of them, S. Enteritidis, was not sensitive to either nalidixic acid or ciprofloxacin. To control salmonellosis, the importance of maximizing integrated health surveillance is emphasized.
Se describen los serotipos de 178 cepas de Salmonella enterica aisladas de alimentos en diferentes regiones de Cuba entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2009, y el patrón de susceptibilidada los antimicrobianos de 100 aislados seleccionados mediante muestreo por estratos. Se identificaron 20 serovariedades de Salmonella entre las que predominaron S. Enteritidis (23%);S. Agona (13,5%) y S. London (11,2%). Del total, 75% de las cepas fueron resistentes o presentaronresistencia intermedia a al menos uno de los fármacos probados, en el siguiente orden, según su frecuencia: tetraciclina (70,7%); ampicilina (22,7%) y ácido nalidíxico (14,7%). Seidentificaron 10 patrones de resistencia diferentes y predominaron las cepas resistentes o con resistencia intermedia a un fármaco (89,3%). Tres cepas (S. Infantis, S. Derby y S. Enteritidis)fueron multirresistentes y una, de S. Enteritidis, dio un resultado no sensible al ácido nalidíxico y la ciprofloxacina. Se destaca la necesidad de extremar la vigilancia sanitaria integrada en el país para el control de la salmonelosis.
Assuntos
Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Carne/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Verduras/microbiologia , Cuba , Laticínios/microbiologia , Ovos/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/prevenção & controle , Salmonella enteritidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Sorotipagem , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
The serotypes of 178 isolates of Salmonella enterica taken from food in different regions of Cuba between January 2008 and December 2009 were identified, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 100 selected isolates was determined by strata sampling. A total of 20 Salmonella serotypes were identified, with a predominance of S. Enteritidis (23%), S. Agona (13.5%), and S. London (11.2%). Of all the strains, 75% were resistant or presented intermediate resistance to at least one of the drugs tested, in the following order: tetracycline (70.7%), ampicillin (22.7%), and nalidixic acid (14.7%). Ten different resistance patterns were identified. The most frequent patterns corresponded to strains that were either drug-resistant or had intermediate resistance (89.3%). Three strains (identified as S. Infantis, S. Derby, and S. Enteritidis) were multiresistant, and one of them, S. Enteritidis, was not sensitive to either nalidixic acid or ciprofloxacin. To control salmonellosis, the importance of maximizing integrated health surveillance is emphasized.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Carne/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Verduras/microbiologia , Animais , Cuba , Laticínios/microbiologia , Ovos/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/prevenção & controle , Salmonella enteritidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Sorotipagem , Saúde da População UrbanaAssuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Salmonella enterica , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Cuba , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Antibacterianos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Carne , Salmonella , Verduras , Laticínios , Ovos , Produtos da Carne , Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella typhimurium , Sorotipagem , Contaminação de Alimentos , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
Estudios procedentes de diversos países reflejan el incremento de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos alcanzada en los últimos años por patógenos como Salmonella. En Cuba, la salmonelosis constituye la principal enfermedad de transmisión alimentaria, sin embargo, los datos sobre la susceptibilidad de las cepas causantes de estos eventos son muy escasos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos en cepas de Salmonella spp. aisladas de pacientes que causaron brotes y de un variado grupo de alimentos como parte de la vigilancia sanitaria de diferentes regiones del país. Se analizaron un total de 102 cepas, 30 aisladas de pacientes y 72 de alimentos, en el periodo comprendido desde Septiembre 2004 a Julio 2006. El método empleado fue el de difusión por discos de Bauer-Kirby, según lo recomendado por CLSI y los patrones de resistencia fueron determinados para 14 antibióticos: amicacina, ampicilina, carbenicilina, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cloranfenicol, ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, imipenem, kanamicina, ofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim y ácido nalidíxico. Un total de 20 aislamientos fueron resistentes (19,6%) y 43 intermedios (42,2%) a al menos uno de los antibióticos probados. En los aislamientos procedentes de alimentos se identificaron 11 patrones de resistencia diferentes (considerando también aquellos con susceptibilidad intermedia), aunque en la mayoría de las cepas el patrón de resistencia más común fue ampicilina-carbenicilina-tetraciclina. Una cepa fue resistente a cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cloranfenicol, carbenicilina y tetraciclina, lo cual indica que también en nuestro país existe multirresistencia en este género bacteriano.Palabras clave: Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, resistencia, Salmonella, enfermedad de transmisión alimentaria.
Assuntos
Alimentos , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/transmissão , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Cuba/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Vigilância SanitáriaRESUMO
Con objeto de analisar las variables de presión de los globos endotraqueales durante la anestesia, se llevó a cabo un estudio en 20 pacientes adultos, programados para cirugía traumatológica. El estado físico ASA fue I y II. Se dividieron en dos grupos de 10 pacientes, y se manejaron con anestesia general balanceada a base de O2-N2O, Halotano-Fentanyl. Los tubos endotraqueales utilizados fueron Rush N§ 34, 36 y 38. El grupo I se insufló el globo con aire y el grupo 2 con solución salina. Se hicieron mediciones a los 20, 40, 60, 90 y 120 min., después de la intubación. En el grupo I la presión inicial en mmHg fue de 130.8 ñ 5.6 y después de 120 minutos se incrementó hasta 144 mmHg. En el grupo II la presión inicial fue de 131.4 ñ 13 mmHg y después de 120 minutos aumentó a 163.2 mmHg