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Zinc and boron are nutrients that often suffer low bioavailability to pecan trees grown in calcareous soils whereas adequate supplies of these two elements is essential for commercial pecan production. Working with young pecan trees, we evaluated changes in oxidative metabolism, levels of bioactive compounds, yield components and foliar nutrient concentrations in response to foliar sprays (50 or 100 mg L-1) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and boron (H3BO3). Four different treatment solutions were applied in a completely randomised design with six replications per treatment (24 trees in total). Zinc and B treatments were applied before pistil receptivity (3 weeks before anthesis) and at stem elongation stage 31, 39/60; flowering stage 69; fruit stages 7-75 and continued for a total of five applications at 14-day intervals. We evaluated enzyme activities (SOD, H2O2, CAT and GPx), AC, phenols, flavonoids, leaf area, chlorophyll, total anthocyanins and nut yield and quality (nut weight and % kernel). The mineral concentrations in the leaflets were also determined. The mineral concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn and B) in the leaflets were also determined. Spraying ZnO NPs and B increased SOD activity, CA, chlorophyll concentration, mineral nutrients (N, K, Ca, Zn and B) and yield. However, reductions were observed for CAT activity, nut quality and concentrations of phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and Fe. Boron increased GPx activity and P concentration. These results demonstrate that spraying low doses (50 mg L-1) of ZnO NPs and B can help reduce oxidative stress and increase yield, nut quality and leaf concentrations of Zn and B in young cv. Wichita pecan trees established on a calcareous soil.
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OBJECTIVE: Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a good option for Gram-negative bacilli infections that produce carbapenemase Classes A (especially blaKPC) and D (blaOXA). However, it is unknown whether it would have an impact on metallo-ß-lactamases (blaMBL) selection. The aim of the study was to compare carbapenem and CZA Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) susceptibility profiles for a period of two years following the introduction of CZA. METHODS: The study was conducted in a 36-bed adult ICU of a tertiary hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Antimicrobial consumption was expressed as days of treatment per 100 patients-day (DOT). RESULTS: A total of 123 KPN strains in the first year and 172 in the second year were analyzed. An alarming decrease in carbapenem susceptibility was detected in the second year (OR 0.5 [0.3-0.8] p<.001). In parallel, there was a decrease in CZA susceptibility (OR 0.5 [0.3-0.9] p<.05). These findings were linked to a rise in blaMBL-KPN (32.1% vs. 45.1%, OR 1.7 [1.1-2.9], p <.04) during the second year. This new KPN susceptibility profile promoted an increment in CZA (1.0 DOT vs. 6.6 DOT, OR 6.6 [4.9-9.1] p<.001) and aztreonam (0.3 DOT vs. 4.1 DOT, OR 16.3 [9.1-29.3] p<.001) consumption. Thus, there was a decrease in carbapenem prescription (17.8 DOT vs. 15.4 DOT, OR 0.8 [0.8-0.9] p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was an escalation of blaMBL-KPN rate two years after CZA introduction, leading to a decrease in CZA and carbapenem susceptibility and an increase in CZA and aztreonam prescriptions.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Compostos Azabicíclicos , Ceftazidima , Combinação de Medicamentos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Infecções por Klebsiella , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , beta-Lactamases , Ceftazidima/farmacologia , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Compostos Azabicíclicos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Azabicíclicos/farmacologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Argentina , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
In the present study, the nematicidal activity of a Moringa oleifera ethyl acetate leaf extract against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Nacobbus aberrans, nematodes of agricultural importance, was evaluated. The experimental design for the evaluation of the effects against both nematodes consisted of eight treatments (n = 4). Distilled water, Tween (4%) and a commercial anthelmintic agent (ivermectin, 5 mg/mL) were used as controls, and for treatments 4-8, the concentrations of the extract were 20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Readings were taken at 12 h and 24 h for N. aberrans and 48 h and 72 h for H. contortus post-treatment under an optical microscope (10× and 40×). The data obtained were analysed by analysis of variance through a completely randomized factorial design using the SAS V9 program. The results show that, for H. contortus egg hatching, 85.88% inhibition was obtained at a concentration of 20 mg/mL at 48 h, while for third-stage larva (L3) mortality, the highest percentage was 68.19% at 1.25 mg/mL at 72 h. In the case of N. aberrans, the greatest inhibition of egg hatching was 90.69% at 5 mg/mL at 12 h post-treatment, and for larval mortality, it was 100% at 10 mg/mL at 24 h post-treatment. The main major compounds identified by qualitative analysis and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and the minor compounds included phytol, γ-sitosterol and α-tocopheryl acetate. It was demonstrated that the ethyl acetate leaf extract of M. oleifera Lam. shows great potential for combating agricultural nematodes.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos , Haemonchus , Moringa oleifera , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Larva , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Cervical cancer is an important health concern worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death in Mexican women. Previous studies have shown changes in the female genital tract microbe community related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer; yet, this link remains unexplored in many human populations. This study evaluated the vaginal bacterial community among Mexican women with precancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). We sequenced the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene in cervical samples from 228 Mexican women, including 121 participants with SIL, most of which were HPV positive, and 107 healthy women without HPV infection or SIL. The presence of SIL was associated with changes in composition (beta diversity) and with a higher species richness (Chao1). A comparison of HPV-positive women with and without SIL showed that microbiota changes occurred even in the absence of SIL. Multivariate association with linear models (MaAsLin) analysis yielded independent associations between HPV infection and an increase in the relative abundance of Brachybacterium conglomeratum and Brevibacterium aureum as well as a decrease in two Lactobacillus iners operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We also identified a positive independent association between HPV-16, the most common HPV subtype linked to SIL, and Brachybacterium conglomeratum. Our work indicates that HPV infection leading to SIL is primarily associated with shifts in vaginal microbiota composition, some of which may be specific to this human population. IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in cervical carcinogenesis but is not sufficient for cervical cancer development, indicating the involvement of other factors. The vaginal microbiota is an important factor in controlling infections caused by HPV, and, depending on its composition, it can modulate the microenvironment in vaginal mucosa against viral infections. Ethnic and sociodemographic factors influence differences in vaginal microbiome composition, which underlies the dysbiotic patterns linked to HPV infection and cervical cancer across different populations of women. Here, we provide evidence for associations between vaginal microbiota patterns and HPV infection linked to ethnic and sociodemographic factors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the species Brevibacterium aureum and Brachybacterium conglomeratum linked to HPV infection or squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).
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Bactérias/classificação , Microbiota/genética , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Vagina/microbiologia , Actinobacteria/genética , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Alphapapillomavirus , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Brevibacterium/genética , Brevibacterium/isolamento & purificação , Disbiose/microbiologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactobacillus/genética , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , México , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
El sistema de salud mental de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires estuvo destinado casi todo el año 2020 a la atención de los efectos de la pandemia por Covid-19 en la población y en los equipos de salud. Muchas de las actividades del programa local de las residencias y de las concurrencias tuvieron que ser suspendidas o bien reformateadas, ya que los dispositivos en los que se llevaban a cabo no estuvieron prestando servicio. Se describe brevemente cómo se fueron adecuando estos espacios de aprendizaje, y las funciones del Centro de Salud N° 1.
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Centros Comunitários de Saúde Mental/tendências , Capacitação Profissional , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Internato e Residência/tendências , Serviços de Saúde Mental/tendênciasRESUMO
Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are obligatory intracellular bacteria that cause disease in humans and other animals. Ixodid ticks are the principal vectors of SFG rickettsiae. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and species identity of SFG rickettsiae in ticks and horses from urban and rural areas of western Cuba using PCR assays. Tick samples, collected from 79 horses, consisted of 14 Amblyomma mixtum adults, 111 Dermacentor nitens adults and 19 pools of D. nitens nymphs (2-5 individuals/pool). The PCR results revealed the presence of Rickettsia spp. in 64% of the A. mixtum adults, 16% of the D. nitens adults, and 11% of the pooled samples of D. nitens nymphs. In contrast, Rickettsia spp. was not detected in any of the 200 horse blood samples included in this study. DNA sequence data of the rickettsial 17 kDa antigen gene showed that Rickettsia amblyommatis was present in A. mixtum; and Rickettsia felis in D. nitens. This is the first report of R. felis in D. nitens in Cuba. The present study extends our knowledge of the potential vector spectrum and distribution of SFG rickettsiae pathogens in western Cuba.
Assuntos
Cavalos , Ixodidae/microbiologia , Rickettsia , Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa/veterinária , Amblyomma/microbiologia , Animais , Vetores Aracnídeos/microbiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Dermacentor/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos/parasitologia , Ninfa/microbiologia , Patologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Rickettsia/genética , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa/epidemiologia , Rickettsiose do Grupo da Febre Maculosa/microbiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterináriaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais , Hemorragia Uterina , Neoplasias , Frequência Cardíaca , NáuseaRESUMO
The main goal of this work was to evaluate the in vitro biological activity of two ferrocenyl chalcones (FcC-1 and FcC-2) against Haemonchus contortus (third-stage larvae (L3)) and Nacobbus aberrans (second-stage juveniles (J2)). Both compounds were synthesized and characterized by usual spectroscopic methods and their molecular structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Nematode strains were examined in terms of percentage mortality of H. contortus (L3) by the action of FcC-1, which showed an effectivity of 100% at a concentration of 342 µM in 24 h, with EC50 = 20.33 µM and EC90 = 162.76 µM, whereas FcC-2 had an effectivity of 72% at a concentration of 342 µM in 24 h, with EC50 = 167.39 µM and EC90 = 316.21 µM. The effect of FcC-1 against nematode phytoparasite N. aberrans showed a better percentage of 95% at a concentration of 342 µM, with EC50 = 7.18 µM and EC90 = 79.25 µM, whereas the effect of FcC-2 was 87% at 342 µM, with EC50 = 168 µM and EC90 = 319.56 µM at 36 h. After treatment, the scanning electron micrographs revealed deformities in the dorsal flank and posterior part close to the tail of H. contortus L3. They showed moderate in vitro nematicidal activity against H. contortus L3 and N. aberrans J2.
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Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Chalconas/farmacologia , Compostos Ferrosos/farmacologia , Haemonchus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tylenchoidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antinematódeos/química , Chalconas/química , Compostos Ferrosos/química , Hemoncose/parasitologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
This work presents the modeling and prediction of cases of COVID-19 infection in Mexico through mathematical and computational models using only the confirmed cases provided by the daily technical report COVID-19 MEXICO until May 8th. The mathematical models: Gompertz and Logistic, as well as the computational model: Artificial Neural Network were applied to carry out the modeling of the number of cases of COVID-19 infection from February 27th to May 8th. The results show a good fit between the observed data and those obtained by the Gompertz, Logistic and Artificial Neural Networks models with an R2 of 0.9998, 0.9996, 0.9999, respectively. The same mathematical models and inverse Artificial Neural Network were applied to predict the number of cases of COVID-19 infection from May 9th to 16th in order to analyze tendencies and extrapolate the projection until the end of the epidemic. The Gompertz model predicts a total of 47,576 cases, the Logistic model a total of 42,131 cases, and the inverse artificial neural network model a total of 44,245 as of May 16th. Finally, to predict the total number of COVID-19 infected until the end of the epidemic, the Gompertz, Logistic and inverse Artificial Neural Network model were used, predicting 469,917, 59,470 and 70,714 cases, respectively.
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RESUMEN Introducción: La depresión representa un problema de salud que repercute de manera importante en la estabilidad mental y calidad de vida de las personas. Estudiar los dominios culturales relacionados con esta patología es relevante para diferenciarla, pues suele confundirse con otros estados emocionales. Objetivo: Analizar los dominios culturales relacionados con la depresión en mujeres y hombres adultos. Material y métodos: Estudio mixto de consenso cultural realizado en San Luis Potosí, México, que incluyó a 163 participantes. La recolección de datos se efectuó por muestreo a conveniencia mediante listados libres, entrevistas estructuradas y sorteos por montones. Se identificaron 20 elementos categorizados en áreas temáticas, se organizaron en conjuntos jerárquicos para observar la distribución y dimensiones de los dominios culturales. Resultados: Las personas tienen nociones en común respecto a lo que implica la depresión. Los elementos relacionados con mayor frecuencia fueron: tristeza, desánimo y soledad, a su vez, la agrupación de estos mostró dos dimensiones principales: consecuencias y atención. Discusión: La literatura reporta que hay diferencias subjetivas entre la depresión y otros padecimientos, también indica que existen contrastes por sexo y que las condiciones sociales desfavorables se relacionan con malestares emocionales; sin embargo, en las dimensiones culturales no están presentes la promoción ni la prevención de esta enfermedad. Conclusiones: Considerar los dominios culturales de la población adulta con respecto a la depresión posibilita la creación de programas dirigidos a promocionar la salud y prevenir la enfermedad, así como facilitar la práctica clínica fundamentada en el contexto social y cultural de las personas.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Depression represents a health problem which has important impacts on the mental stability and quality of life. Therefore, studying the related cultural domains becomes relevant in order to differentiate this pathology from other emotional states. Objective: To analyze the cultural domains related to depression in adults. Materials and methods: This is a mixed study with cultural consensus carried out in the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, which included 163 participants. Data collection was based on sampling by convenience using free listings, structured interviews, and lots. Twenty elements related to the thematic areas were identified, and organized in hierarchical sets in order to observe the distributions and dimensions of the cultural domains. Results: Participants showed common notions regarding what depression implies. The most cited related elements were sadness, discouragement, and loneliness, which were grouped in two main dimensions: consequences and attention. Discussion: The literature reports the existance of subjective differences between depression and other emotional pathologies, and that these differences are influenced by sex and social conditions. Nevertheless, the related cultural dimensions are not always considered, in particular regarding the prevention of the illness. Conclusions: The precise consideration of the cultural domains which are associated with adults suffering from depression can allow the design and implementation of programs aimed at promoting health and preventing illness, as well as at fostering a clinical practice based on the social and cultural context of these persons.
RESUMO Introdução: A depressão representa um problema de saúde que reverbera de maneira importante na estabilidade mental e qualidade de vida das pessoas; estudar os domínios culturais relacionados com esta patologia é relevante para diferenciá-la, já que geralmente confunde-se com outros estados emocionais. Objetivo: Analisar os domínios culturais relacionados com a depressão em mulheres e homens adultos. Material e métodos: Estudo misto de consenso cultural realizado em San Luis Potosí, México; que incluía 163 participantes, a coleta de dados efetuou-se por amostragem a conveniência mediante listados livres, entrevistas estruturadas e classificação da pilha, identificaram-se 20 elementos categorizados por áreas temáticas, organizaram-se em conjuntos hierárquicos para observar a distribuição e dimensões dos domínios culturais. Resultados: As pessoas têm noções em comum ao respeito do que envolve a depressão. Os elementos relacionados com maior frequência foram: tristeza, desânimo e solidão; enquanto a agrupação deles mostrou duas dimensões principais: consequências e atenção. Discussão: A literatura relata que existem diferenças subjetivas entre a depressão e outras doenças, indica também que existem contrastes por sexo e que as condições sociais desfavoráveis se relacionam ao desconforto emocional, porém, nas dimensões culturais não estão presentes a promoção nem a prevenção desta doença. Conclusões: Considerar os domínios culturais da população adulta ao respeito da depressão, possibilita a criação de programas dirigidos a promover a saúde e prevenir a doença, assim como facilitar a prática clínica fundamentada no contexto social e cultural das pessoas.
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El registro electromiográfico es una forma de evaluación de los impulsos eléctricos aferentes y eferentes del sistema muscular al sistema nervioso, su valoración permite explorar lesiones nerviosas o patologías neuromusculares en unidades motoras o nerviosas específicas, en este caso, valoramos el plexo braquial y se desea comparar la actividad de este plexo entre los músculos del brazo con el pectoral mayor, ya que, este último puede servir como una opción de valoración del plexo braquial y además de fácil acceso. Este estudio se realizó comparando 4 pacientes de la unidad de neurofisiología de la Caja Nacional de Salud de la ciudad de La Paz, donde se comparó la actividad eléctrica de los músculos del brazo y el pectoral mayor. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el músculo pectoral mayor sería suficiente para valorar la actividad eléctrica en las lesiones del plexo braquial, hemos observado que, sirve para valorar lesiones, tanto del tronco superior e inferior del plexo braquial como una lesión total de este plexo, además, permite mejor acceso que los músculos del brazo en caso de accidentes con lesión de los miembros superiores.
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Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculos Peitorais , Traumatismos do Braço , Plexo Braquial , Eletromiografia/métodosRESUMO
In recent years, the popularity of metal hydrides has increased considerably for hydrogen storage and their applications in hydrogen fuel cells. Their potential applications for clean energy are promissory. However, the temperatures required for adsorption and desorption are extremely high, which range between 500 and 700 K, making their use impractical. To overcome these difficulties, the following work considers using three hydride alloys: magnesium-aluminum (MgAl), magnesium-nickel (MgNi), and magnesium-zinc (MgZn). The Mg concentrations were set to be between 80 and 100 wt% in order to reduce the temperatures of adsorption and desorption in contrast with the temperatures of pure magnesium. The chemisorption and repulsion energies of the hydrogen molecule on the surface (110) of the different metallic alloys were studied at 0, 200, 400, 600, and 700 K, respectively. The study was based on the density functional theory (DFT), with the module DMol3 of the molecular simulation program Materials Studio, which was used to obtain these energy values. The results confirm that adding aluminum, nickel, or zinc into magnesium matrix increases the chemisorption and decreases the energy repulsion values on surfaces of the metallic alloys, improving the effectiveness of the hydrogen storage.
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Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Enteropatias Perdedoras de Proteínas/etiologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Enteropatias Perdedoras de Proteínas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
TITLE: Cefalea desencadenada exclusivamente por la risa, como forma de presentacion de un meningioma de fosa posterior.
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Fossa Craniana Posterior , Cefaleia/etiologia , Riso , Meningioma/complicações , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Desencadeantes , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/diagnósticoRESUMO
Leptospirosis is a transmissible zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic strains of the genus Leptospira. Clinical signs in cattle are fever, haematuria, haemoglobinuria, meningitis, abortion, birth of weak calves and infertility; in the most severe cases, it can cause death to the animal. The few studies conducted in Ecuador, and in particular the province of Manabí, have revealed varying prevalence rates, ranging from 35.8% to 75%. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle and to ascertain the main serovars circulating in the province of Manabí. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016, for which seven cantons were selected at random and a total of 854 animals from 67 herds were investigated. The samples were processed in the laboratories of the Animal Diagnostics Directorate of the Ecuadorian Agency for Agriculture Quality Assurance (AGROCALIDAD) in Tumbaco, using the microscopic agglutination test. The sera were analysed to check whether they contained any of the eight serovars of Leptospira interrogans circulating most frequently in the country: Canicola, Hardjo, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Wolffi, Bratislava and Copenhageni. Overall seroprevalence at herd level was 97.01%, with the most common serovars being Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava and Canicola. It was concluded that there is high seroprevalence at herd level in the province of Manabí.
La leptospirose est une maladie zoonotique infecto-contagieuse causée par des souches pathogènes du genre Leptospira. Chez les bovins, le tableau clinique de la maladie se caractérise par de la fièvre, une hématurie, une hémoglobinurie, une méningite, des cas d'avortement ou la naissance de veaux faibles et une infertilité ; dans les cas les plus graves, la maladie peut provoquer la mort de l'animal. En Équateur et plus précisément dans la province de Manabí, les rares études effectuées jusqu'à ce jour ont rapporté des taux de prévalence allant de 35,8 % à 75 %. Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une étude visant à déterminer la prévalence sérologique de la leptospirose dans le cheptel bovin de la province de Manabí ainsi que les principaux sérovars présents. Une enquête épidémiologique transversale a été conduite de novembre 2015 à mars 2016 dans sept cantons choisis de manière aléatoire. Au total, 854 animaux appartenant à 67 élevages ont été testés. Les prélèvement ont été préparés par les laboratoires de la Direction du diagnostic vétérinaire de l'Agence équatorienne de la qualité agricole (AGROCALIDAD) de Tumbaco et soumis à une épreuve d'agglutination microscopique afin de déterminer s'ils contenaient l'un ou plusieurs des huit sérovars de Leptospira interrogans présents dans le pays, à savoir Canicola, Hardjo, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Wolffi, Bratislava et Copenhageni. La séroprévalence globale au niveau des troupeaux était de 97,01 %, les sérovars les plus fréquents étant Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava et Canicola. Les auteurs en concluent que la séroprévalence au niveau des troupeaux est élevée dans la province de Manabí.
La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica infectocontagiosa causada por cepas patógenas del género Leptospira. En el ganado bovino, clínicamente se caracteriza por fiebre, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, meningitis, abortos y/o nacimiento de animales débiles e infertilidad, y, en los casos más graves, puede provocar la muerte de los animales. En Ecuador, y en concreto en la provincia de Manabí, los escasos estudios realizados denotan prevalencias variables, que van del 35,8% al 75%. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la seroprevalencia de la leptospirosis en el ganado bovino y conocer los principales serovares circulantes en la provincia de Manabí. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de tipo transversal en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2015 y marzo de 2016, para el cual se seleccionaron siete cantones al azar y se investigaron un total 854 animales pertenecientes a 67 hatos. Las muestras se procesaron en los Laboratorios de la Dirección de Diagnóstico Animal de la Agencia Ecuatoriana para la Calidad del Agro (AGROCALIDAD) de Tumbaco utilizando la técnica de aglutinación microscópica, y los sueros se analizaron para comprobar si contenían cada uno de los ocho serovares de Leptospira interrogans de mayor circulación en el país: Canicola, Hardjo, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Wolffi, Bratislava y Copenhageni. La seroprevalencia general a nivel de hatos fue del 97,01%, siendo los más frecuentes los serovares Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava y Canicola. Se llegó a la conclusión de que en la provincia de Manabí existe una alta seroprevalencia a nivel de hatos.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Leptospira/classificação , Leptospirose/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , SorogrupoRESUMO
Blastocystis is the most prevalent protist of the human intestine, colonizing approximately 20% of the North American population and up to 100% in some nonindustrialized settings. Blastocystis is associated with gastrointestinal and systemic disease but can also be an asymptomatic colonizer in large populations. While recent findings in humans have shown bacterial microbiota changes associated with this protist, it is unknown whether these occur due to the presence of Blastocystis or as a result of inflammation. To explore this, we evaluated the fecal bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota in 156 asymptomatic adult subjects from a rural population in Xoxocotla, Mexico. Colonization with Blastocystis was strongly associated with an increase in bacterial alpha diversity and broad changes in beta diversity and with more discrete changes to the microbial eukaryome. More than 230 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including those of dominant species Prevotella copri and Ruminococcus bromii, were differentially abundant in Blastocystis-colonized individuals. Large functional changes accompanied these observations, with differential abundances of 202 (out of 266) predicted metabolic pathways (PICRUSt), as well as lower fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and propionate in colonized individuals. Fecal calprotectin was markedly decreased in association with Blastocystis colonization, suggesting that this ecological shift induces subclinical immune consequences to the asymptomatic host. This work is the first to show a direct association between the presence of Blastocystis and shifts in the gut bacterial and eukaryotic microbiome in the absence of gastrointestinal disease or inflammation. These results prompt further investigation of the role Blastocystis and other eukaryotes play within the human microbiome. IMPORTANCE Given the results of our study and other reports of the effects of the most common human gut protist on the diversity and composition of the bacterial microbiome, Blastocystis and, possibly, other gut protists should be studied as ecosystem engineers that drive community diversity and composition.