RESUMO
The 'sacred leaf' or "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum Kunth) has a great value for Mexican culture and has gained popularity worldwide for its excellent properties from culinary to remedies. To contribute to its heritage, in this project we proposed the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) using an extract of "Hoja Santa" (Piper auritum) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized Ag2O NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (plasmon located at 405 nm), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (particle size diameter of 10 nm), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (particle size diameter of 13.62 ± 4.61 nm), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (functional groups from "Hoja Santa" attached to nanoparticles). Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of NPs against a panel of clinically relevant bacterial strains, including both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7), was over 90% at concentrations of 200 µg/mL. Additionally, we assessed the antibiofilm activity of the NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (reaching 98% of biofilm destruction at 800 µg/mL), as biofilm formation plays a crucial role in bacterial resistance and chronic infections. Moreover, we investigated the impact of Ag2O NPs on immune cell viability, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activity to understand their effects on the immune system.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Piper , Extratos Vegetais , Compostos de Prata , Staphylococcus aureus , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Compostos de Prata/química , Compostos de Prata/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Piper/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Óxidos/química , Óxidos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Animais , Camundongos , Salmonella enteritidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho da Partícula , Células RAW 264.7 , Escherichia coli O157/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) harbors the highest Saccharomyces eubayanus genomic diversity and its widest predominance in natural environments. In this work, S. eubayanus was isolated for the first time from a fermentative environment. This species was found dominating both a traditional apple chicha fermentation as well as feral apple trees in the Andean region of Aluminé (Argentina). S. eubayanus was the only Saccharomyces species found in the isolation substrates, although it coexisted with other non-Saccharomyces species. The absence of strong fermentative competitors of the Saccharomyces genus (like Saccharomyces uvarum or Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the feral apples could promote the development and implantation of S. eubayanus in a spontaneous apple must fermentation. Phylogeographic analyses revealed a high intraspecific diversity in S. eubayanus, enabling the characterization of strains belonging to the genomic subpopulations PA1, PA2, and PB1 according to the sequences obtained for the intFR gene region. This result evidence that the studied sampling area represents a natural habitat for the species. Being a novel finding, studying the causes that allowed this species to prosper in a fermentative environment becomes essential. Hence, the physiological profile of the new isolates, including their ability to grow at different temperature, nitrogen, and ethanol concentrations was evaluated in comparison with a set of S. eubayanus strains previously isolated from natural environment and representing different genomic subpopulations. Greater physiological diversity was evidenced when strains isolated from both natural and fermentative environments were analyzed overall. Furthermore, no direct relationship between genomic population and physiological behavior was observed; on the opposite, strains appeared to exhibit similar behavior, primarily grouped by isolation origin.
RESUMO
Introducción. Durante la internación, los pacientes pueden presentar un deterioro clínico significativo y requerir el ingreso no programado a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Esto puede conllevar un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Frecuentemente, estos eventos están precedidos por una fase de deterioro que podría pasar desapercibida. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia, analizar las causas, describir las características clínicas y los resultados de los traslados no programados en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados, desde el área de internación general pediátrica (IGP) a la UCIP, y analizar las diferencias entre traslados urgentes y emergentes. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo; se analizaron todos los traslados no programados desde IGP a la UCIP ocurridos entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre 2019. Resultados. Se constataron 212 traslados no programados (21 traslados cada 1000 ingresos). El 76 % de los pacientes trasladados presentaban una comorbilidad asociada la más frecuente fue la patología oncológica (36 %) y llevaban más de 24 horas internados en IGP. Las causas más frecuentes de traslado fueron dificultad respiratoria (43 %), sepsis (20 %) y complicaciones neurológicas/neuroquirúrgicas (20 %). La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 8,96 % (19 pacientes). Conclusiones. El análisis de los traslados no programados es un elemento esencial en la evaluación de la calidad de atención y seguridad del paciente de un área, y debe constituir un indicador integrado al tablero de control. La interpretación de los traslados no programados como un evento prevenible constituye un cambio de paradigma clave.
Introduction. During hospitalization, patients may develop significant clinical deterioration and require unplanned admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This may result in increased morbidity and mortality. These events are often preceded by a deterioration phase that may go unnoticed. Objective. To determine the frequency, analyze the causes, and describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of unplanned transfers of hospitalized pediatric patients from the general pediatric ward (GPW) to the PICU, and analyze the differences between urgent and emergent transfers. Population and methods. Prospective, descriptive study; all unplanned transfers from the GPW to the PICU occurring between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2019 were analyzed. Results. There were 212 unplanned transfers (21 transfers per 1000 admissions). An associated comorbidity was present in 76% of transferred patients being cancer the most frequent one (36%) and they had been hospitalized for more than 24 hours in the GPW. The most frequent causes of transfer were respiratory distress (43%), sepsis (20%), and neurological/neurosurgical complications (20%). The overall mortality rate was 8.96% (19 patients). Conclusions. The analysis of unplanned transfers is a critical component in the assessment of the quality of care and patient safety of an area, and should be an indicator integrated into the control panel. The interpretation of unplanned transfers as a preventable event is a key paradigm shift.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Transferência de Pacientes/métodos , Quartos de Pacientes , Estudos Prospectivos , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Introduction. During hospitalization, patients may develop significant clinical deterioration and require unplanned admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This may result in increased morbidity and mortality. These events are often preceded by a deterioration phase that may go unnoticed. Objective. To determine the frequency, analyze the causes, and describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of unplanned transfers of hospitalized pediatric patients from the general pediatric ward (GPW) to the PICU, and analyze the differences between urgent and emergent transfers. Population and methods. Prospective, descriptive study; all unplanned transfers from the GPW to the PICU occurring between January 1st , 2014 and December 31st, 2019 were analyzed. Results. There were 212 unplanned transfers (21 transfers per 1000 admissions). An associated comorbidity was present in 76% of transferred patients -being cancer the most frequent one (36%)- and they had been hospitalized for more than 24 hours in the GPW. The most frequent causes of transfer were respiratory distress (43%), sepsis (20%), and neurological/neurosurgical complications (20%). The overall mortality rate was 8.96% (19 patients). Conclusions. The analysis of unplanned transfers is a critical component in the assessment of the quality of care and patient safety of an area, and should be an indicator integrated into the control panel. The interpretation of unplanned transfers as a preventable event is a key paradigm shift.
Introducción. Durante la internación, los pacientes pueden presentar un deterioro clínico significativo y requerir el ingreso no programado a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Esto puede conllevar un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Frecuentemente, estos eventos están precedidos por una fase de deterioro que podría pasar desapercibida. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia, analizar las causas, describir las características clínicas y los resultados de los traslados no programados en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados, desde el área de internación general pediátrica (IGP) a la UCIP, y analizar las diferencias entre traslados urgentes y emergentes. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo; se analizaron todos los traslados no programados desde IGP a la UCIP ocurridos entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre 2019. Resultados. Se constataron 212 traslados no programados (21 traslados cada 1000 ingresos). El 76 % de los pacientes trasladados presentaban una comorbilidad asociada la más frecuente fue la patología oncológica (36 %) y llevaban más de 24 horas internados en IGP. Las causas más frecuentes de traslado fueron dificultad respiratoria (43 %), sepsis (20 %) y complicaciones neurológicas/neuroquirúrgicas (20 %). La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 8,96 % (19 pacientes). Conclusiones. El análisis de los traslados no programados es un elemento esencial en la evaluación de la calidad de atención y seguridad del paciente de un área, y debe constituir un indicador integrado al tablero de control. La interpretación de los traslados no programados como un evento prevenible constituye un cambio de paradigma clave.
Assuntos
Transferência de Pacientes , Quartos de Pacientes , Humanos , Criança , Estudos Prospectivos , Transferência de Pacientes/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Hospitalização , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
IMPORTANCE: The impact of a persistently enlarged genital hiatus (GH) after vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension on prolapse outcomes is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES: This secondary analysis of the Study of Uterine Prolapse Procedures Randomized trial was conducted among participants who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension. We hypothesized that women with a persistently enlarged GH size would have a higher proportion of prolapse recurrence. STUDY DESIGN: Women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension as part of the Study of Uterine Prolapse Procedures Randomized trial (NCT01802281) were divided into 3 groups based on change in their preoperative to 4- to 6-week postoperative GH measurements: (1) persistently enlarged GH, 2) improved GH, or (3) stably normal GH. Baseline characteristics and 2-year surgical outcomes were compared across groups. A logistic regression model for composite surgical failure controlling for advanced anterior wall prolapse and GH group was fitted. RESULTS: This secondary analysis included 81 women. The proportion with composite surgical failure was significantly higher among those with a persistently enlarged GH (50%) compared with a stably normal GH (12%) with an unadjusted risk difference of 38% (95% confidence interval, 4%-68%). When adjusted for advanced prolapse in the anterior compartment at baseline, the odds of composite surgical failure was 6 times higher in the persistently enlarged GH group compared with the stably normal group (95% confidence interval, 1.0-37.5; P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: A persistently enlarged GH after vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension for pelvic organ prolapse may be a risk factor for recurrent prolapse.
Assuntos
Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico , Prolapso Uterino , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia Vaginal/efeitos adversos , Prolapso Uterino/cirurgia , Útero/cirurgia , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/epidemiologia , Ligamentos/cirurgiaRESUMO
Micropipette tips are currently among the most used disposable devices in bioresearch and development laboratories. Their main application is the fractionation of solutions. New functionalities have recently been added to this device, widening their applications. This paper analyzed disposable micropipette tips as reagent holders of PCR reagents. PCR has become a prevalent and often indispensable technique in biological laboratories for various applications, such as the detection of coronavirus and other infectious diseases. A functional micropipette tip was implemented to simplify PCR analysis and reduce the contamination chances of deoxynucleotides and specific primers. This disposable device is prepared by tip coating processes of reagents, using polyvinyl alcohol polymer and additives. The coated layer is optimized to load and release PCR reagents efficiently. As a proof of concept, we show that the detection of Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough whose diagnostic relies on PCR, can be quickly done using practical-functional tips. This device is an excellent example of testing the functionality and contribution of molecular diagnostic PCR tips. KEY POINTS: ⢠Functional micropipette tips are prepared by coating with dNTPs and primers. ⢠Functional tips are used to replace dNTPs and primers in the PCR master mix. ⢠PCR diagnostic of Bordetella pertussis is performed using functional tips.
Assuntos
Bordetella pertussis , Coqueluche , Primers do DNA , DNA Bacteriano , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
OBJETIVE: We followed our previously reported algorithm based on intra and postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to predict postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroid hypocalcemia. The objective of the study was to assess if this strategy is useful and safe to reduce hypocalcemia, hospitalisation length and postsurgery calcium sampling. DESIGN, PATIENTS, MEASSUREMENTS: We classified our series of 66 patients according to their risk of hypoparathyroidism based on PTH determinations. We treated high-risk patients with calcium and vitamin D1-25 supplementation and obtained routine daily calcium samples to control low-risk patients until 48 h postsurgery. We compared the outcomes and overall results of this new approach with those of a historical control group of patients with equivalent PTH measurements who were treated only if they presented hypocalcemia. RESULTS: In the high-risk subgroup (n = 30), five patients had hypocalcemia within the first 24 h. Compared with the high-risk control subgroup, the incidence of hypocalcemia fell from 100% to 17% (p < .001), and the median hospitalisation length from 6 to 3 days (p < .001). In the low-risk subgroup (n = 36), 28 patients remained normocalcemic with significantly less calcium sampling (p < .001). Eight patients had hypocalcemia; seven of them required neck dissection, which was the only risk factor related to postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (RR: 2.1 [confidence interval 95%: 1.4-3.1]; p < .001). The overall incidence of hypocalcemia decreased by 58% in our patients compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing PTH levels to classify the risk of hypoparathyroidism and to initiate preventive therapy was an effective approach that improved the safety of our paediatric patients by reducing the incidence of hypocalcemia and the length of hospitalisation after thyroidectomy in paediatric patients.
Assuntos
Hipocalcemia , Hipoparatireoidismo , Cálcio , Criança , Humanos , Hipocalcemia/etiologia , Hipocalcemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoparatireoidismo/etiologia , Hipoparatireoidismo/prevenção & controle , Hormônio Paratireóideo , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Tireoidectomia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Willows are widely planted in areas under risk of flooding. The physiological responses of willows to flooding have been characterized, but little is known about their responses during the post-flooding period. After the end of the stress episode, plants may modify some traits to compensate for the biomass loss during flooding. The aim of this work was to analyze the post-flooding physiological responses of willow under two different depths of stagnant floodwater. Cuttings of Salix matsudana NZ692 clone were planted in pots in a greenhouse. The experiment started when the plants were 2 months old with the following treatments: Control plants (watered to field capacity); plants partially flooded 10 cm above soil level (F10) and plants partially flooded 40 cm above soil level (F40). The flooding episode lasted 35 days and was followed by a recovery period of 28 days (post-flooding period). After the flooding period, height, diameter and total biomass were higher in F10, while F40 plants showed an increase in plant adventitious root production and leaf nitrogen content. During the post-flooding period, the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents were significantly higher in leaves of F40 than in Control and F10 treatments. Stomatal conductance and specific leaf area were higher in the previously flooded plants compared to Control treatment. Plants from F10 treatments showed a higher growth in height, root-to-shoot ratio, and carbon isotope discrimination than F40, while the opposite occurred for growth in diameter, vessel size and leaf area. We conclude that depth of floodwater not only causes different responses during flooding, but that its effects are also present in the post-flooding recovery period, affecting the growth and physiology of willows once the stress episode has ended. Even when flooding impacted growth negatively in F40, in the post-flooding period these plants compensated by increasing the photosynthetic rate, plant leaf area and xylem vessel size. Willows endurance to flooding is the result of both responses during flooding, and plastic responses during post-flooding.
RESUMO
Climate change will increase the risk of flooding in several areas of the world where Populus deltoides Marshall (eastern cottonwood) is planted, so it would be desirable for this species to select for flooding tolerance. The aims of this work were to explore the variability in growth, leaf traits and flooding tolerance in an F1 full-sib intraspecific progeny of P. deltoides, to analyze the correlations of leaf and growth traits with flooding tolerance and to assess their suitability for use in breeding programs. Two-month-old parental clones and their progeny of 30 full-sib F1 genotypes were grown in pots and subjected to two treatments: (i) plants watered to field capacity (control) and (ii) plants flooded up to 10 cm above soil level for 35 days. Growth (height, diameter and biomass partition) and leaf traits (leaf size and number, specific leaf area, leaf senescence, abscission, stomatal conductance, carbon isotope discrimination, stomatal index) were measured. Flooding tolerance for each genotype was estimated as the ratio of the biomass of stressed plants to the biomass of control plants. Results showed segregation in terms of flooding tolerance in the F1 progeny. A significant genotype effect was found for leaf size and number, carbon isotopic discrimination and stomatal conductance, but it did not correlate with flooding tolerance. Height, diameter and root-to-shoot ratio had a positive phenotypic correlation with flooding tolerance, and there was a positive genetic correlation of height and diameter with biomass on both treatments. The narrow sense heritability values for the traits analyzed ranged from 0 to 0.56. We conclude that growth traits are more adequate than leaf traits for selection to increase flooding tolerance. A vigorous initial growth would increase flooding tolerance in young poplar plants.
Assuntos
Populus/genética , Biomassa , Inundações , Genótipo , Folhas de Planta/genéticaRESUMO
The New World arenavirus Junin (JUNV) is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Previous studies of human macrophage infection by the Old-World arenaviruses Mopeia and Lassa showed that while the non-pathogenic Mopeia virus replicates and activates human macrophages, the pathogenic Lassa virus replicates but fails to activate human macrophages. Less is known in regard to the impact of New World arenavirus infection on the human macrophage immune response. Macrophage activation is critical for controlling infections but could also be usurped favoring immune evasion. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the JUNV infection modulates macrophage plasticity to clarify its role in AHF pathogenesis. With this aim in mind, we compared infection with the attenuated Candid 1 (C#1) or the pathogenic P strains of the JUNV virus in human macrophage cultures. The results showed that both JUNV strains similarly replicated and induced morphological changes as early as 1 day post-infection. However, both strains differentially induced the expression of CD71, the receptor for cell entry, the activation and maturation molecules CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR and selectively modulated cytokine production. Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-12 were detected with C#1 strain, while the P strain induced only higher levels of IL-6. We also found that C#1 strain infection skewed macrophage polarization to M1, whereas the P strain shifted the response to an M2 phenotype. Interestingly, the MERTK receptor, that negatively regulates the immune response, was down-regulated by C#1 strain and up-regulated by P strain infection. Similarly, the target genes of MERTK activation, the cytokine suppressors SOCS1 and SOCS3, were also increased after P strain infection, in addition to IRF-1, that regulates type I IFN levels, which were higher with C#1 compared with P strain infection. Together, this differential activation/polarization pattern of macrophages elicited by P strain suggests a more evasive immune response and may have important implications in the pathogenesis of AHF and underpinning the development of new potential therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica Americana/imunologia , Vírus Junin/imunologia , Ativação de Macrófagos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Animais , Antígeno B7-1/imunologia , Antígeno B7-2/imunologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cricetinae , Citocinas/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-DR/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/patologia , Humanos , Especificidade da Espécie , Células VeroRESUMO
Saccharomyces eubayanus is the close relative of the Lager-brewing yeast and was firstly found in North Patagonia associated with Nothofagus trees. In recent years additional strains were found in North America, Asia and New Zealand, and genomic analyses showed the existence of two main populations of this yeast, both of them present in Patagonia. Here, we performed the most comprehensive study of S. eubayanus in Patagonia natural environments (400 samples) and confirmed that this region has the highest isolation success rate for this species described worldwide (more than 10-fold). The genetic characterization of 200 isolates (COX2, DCR1, intFR) revealed five geographically structured subpopulations. We hypothesized that marine ingressions and glaciations, which shaped the Patagonian landscape, contributed on population differentiation. The first large screening of fermentation performance of 60 wild S. eubayanus strains indicated which subpopulations would be more suitable for beer production.
Assuntos
Saccharomyces/classificação , Saccharomyces/genética , Ásia , Cerveja/microbiologia , Fermentação , Genômica , Nova Zelândia , América do Norte , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Saccharomyces/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomyces/metabolismo , América do SulRESUMO
Apple chicha is a fresh low alcoholic beverage elaborated by aboriginal communities of Andean Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). In the present work, we identified the yeast microbiota associated with this fermentation, and characterized genetically those belonging to the genus Saccharomyces. Both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. uvarum were found in the analyzed fermentations. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses based on genes sequence analysis were carried out for both S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum strains obtained in this study and a set of additional strains from diverse origins. The results demonstrate that S. cerevisiae strains from apple chicha belong to the big group of wine/European strains of this species, while S. uvarum strains were included in the Holartic population of this species. Additionally, some S. uvarum strains from chichas evidenced as an admixture of both pure Holartic and pure South American populations. Our results suggest that Holartic strains could have been introduced in South America together with the domestication of apple trees by Mapuche communities. This Holartic population suffered admixis with the naturally present South American population of this species, originating strains bearing genetic features from the two populations, detectable in both chichas and natural habitats.
Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/microbiologia , Fermentação , Malus/metabolismo , Saccharomyces/metabolismo , Argentina , Chile , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , Filogenia , Saccharomyces/classificação , Saccharomyces/genética , Saccharomyces/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Pertussis is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis The disease affects individuals of all ages but is particularly severe and sometimes fatal in unvaccinated young infants. Other Bordetella species cause diseases in humans, animals, and birds. Scientific, clinical, public health, vaccine company, and regulatory agency experts on these pathogens and diseases gathered in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 5 to 8 April 2016 for the 11th International Bordetella Symposium to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biology of these organisms, the diseases they cause, and the development of new vaccines and other strategies to prevent these diseases. Highlights of the meeting included pertussis epidemiology in developing nations, genomic analysis of Bordetella biology and evolution, regulation of virulence factor expression, new model systems to study Bordetella biology and disease, effects of different vaccines on immune responses, maternal immunization as a strategy to prevent newborn disease, and novel vaccine development for pertussis. In addition, the group approved the formation of an International Bordetella Society to promote research and information exchange on bordetellae and to organize future meetings. A new Bordetella.org website will also be developed to facilitate these goals.
Assuntos
Bordetella pertussis/imunologia , Bordetella pertussis/fisiologia , Vacina contra Coqueluche/imunologia , Coqueluche/imunologia , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Vacinação , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/imunologia , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Coqueluche/microbiologiaRESUMO
Introducción. Existe escasa información acerca de los valores de referencia de la insulina y de los índices de insulinosensibilidad en pediatría. Objetivo. Describir la variación de insulina e índices subrogantes de insulinosensibilidad en la etapa pediátrica. Población y métodos. Variación de la concentración de insulina en ayuno y de los índices subrogantes, como el modelo de evaluación homeostática de resistencia a la insulina (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-IR, por sus siglas en inglés), en niños sanos con la edad, el índice de masa corporal, estadio puberal (EP), la concentración de IGF-I, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 226 niños sanos (1-18 años). La insulina aumentó con la edad, el índice de masa corporal, el EP, los niveles de IGF-I y triglicéridos (r²= 0,38; p 7,5 años presentaron mayores valores de insulina [mediana (Pc3 y Pc97) pUI/ mL: 5,0 (1,7-9,6)] que los prepuberales < 7,5 años [2,9 pUI/mL (1,3-10,9); p < 0,01]. En la pubertad (del EP II al EP V), la insulina fue mayor en las niñas que en los varones [(7,4 (1,8-16,9) versus 5,8 (1,8-12,9); p 7,5 años: 1,1 (0,3-2,0) versus niños < 7,5 años: 0,6 (0,3-1,4; p < 0,01). Los grupos puberales presentaron niveles más elevados de insulina y de HOMA-IR respecto de los niños prepuberales (p 2,0 y > 2,6 en prepúberes y púberes, respectivamente, podrían alertar a los pediatras sobre un posible estado de insulinorresistencia.
Introduction. Information on insulin reference values and insulin sensitivity indices in the field of pediatrics is scarce. Objective. To describe insulin range and insulin sensitivity surrogate indices during childhood. Population and methods. Fasting insulin level range and surrogate indices, such as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), among healthy children and adolescents by age, body mass index, pubertal stage (PS), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results. Two hundred and twenty-six healthy children and adolescents (1-18 years old) were included. Insulin increased with age, body mass index, pubertal stage, IGF-1 and triglyceride levels (r²= 0.38, p 7.5 years old had higher insulin levels [median (P3 and P97) pIU/mL: 5.0 (1.7-9.6)] than prepubertal children < 7.5 years old [2.9 pIU/ mL (1.3-10.9), p < 0.01]. During puberty (from PS II to PS V), insulin was higher in girls than in boys [7.4 (1.8-16.9) versus 5.8 (1.8-12.9), p 7.5 years old: 1.1 (0.32.0) versus children < 7.5 years old: 0.6 (0.3-1.4, p < 0.01). The insulin level and HOMA-IR results were higher in pubertal children compared to the prepubertal group (p 2.0 and > 2.6 in prepubertal and pubertal children, respectively, may be considered a warning sign for pediatricians to further investigate insulin resistance.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Resistência à Insulina , Insulina/sangue , Valores de Referência , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Information on insulin reference values and insulin sensitivity indices in the field of pediatrics is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To describe insulin range and insulin sensitivity surrogate indices during childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fasting insulin level range and surrogate indices, such as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), among healthy children and adolescents by age, body mass index, pubertal stage (PS), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-six healthy children and adolescents (1-18 years old) were included. Insulin increased with age, body mass index, pubertal stage, IGF-1 and triglyceride levels (r2= 0.38, p ã 0.0001). Prepubertal children ã 7.5 years old had higher insulin levels [median (P3 and P97) pIU/mL: 5.0 (1.7-9.6)] than prepubertal children ã 7.5 years old [2.9 pIU/ mL (1.3-10.9), p ã 0.01]. During puberty (from PS II to PS V), insulin was higher in girls than in boys [7.4 (1.8-16.9) versus 5.8 (1.8-12.9), p ã 0.01]. The HOMA-IR index increased in the group of prepubertal children ã 7.5 years old: 1.1 (0.32.0) versus children ã 7.5 years old: 0.6 (0.3-1.4, p ã 0.01). The insulin level and HOMA-IR results were higher in pubertal children compared to the prepubertal group (p ã 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Known physiological changes were observed inboth insulin levels and the HOMA-IR index among children and adolescents. A fasting blood insulin level of 10 pIU/mL in prepubertal children and of 17 pIU/mL and 13 pIU/mL in pubertal girls and boys, respectively, may be considered as an acceptable cut-off value in healthy children. A HOMA-IR value ã 2.0 and ã 2.6 in prepubertal and pubertal children, respectively, may be considered a warning sign for pediatricians to further investigate insulin resistance.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Existe escasa información acerca de los valores de referencia de la insulina y de los índices de insulinosensibilidad en pediatría. OBJETIVO: Describir la variación de insulina e índices subrogantes de insulinosensibilidad en la etapa pediátrica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Variación de la concentración de insulina en ayuno y de los índices subrogantes, como el modelo de evaluación homeostática de resistencia a la insulina (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-IR, por sus siglas en inglés), en niños sanos con la edad, el índice de masa corporal, estadio puberal (EP), la concentración de IGF-I, colesterol total y triglicéridos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 226 niños sanos (1-18 años). La insulina aumentó con la edad, el índice de masa corporal, el EP, los niveles de IGF-I y triglicéridos (r2= 0,38; p ã 0,0001). Los niños prepuberales ã 7,5 años presentaron mayores valores de insulina [mediana (Pc3 y Pc97) pUI/ mL: 5,0 (1,7-9,6)] que los prepuberales ã 7,5 años [2,9 pUI/mL (1,3-10,9); p ã 0,01]. En la pubertad (del EP II al EP V), la insulina fue mayor en las niñas que en los varones [(7,4 (1,8-16,9) versus 5,8 (1,8-12,9); p ã 0,01]. El índice HOMA-IR aumentó en el grupo prepuberal ã 7,5 años: 1,1 (0,3-2,0) versus niños ã 7,5 años: 0,6 (0,3-1,4; p ã 0,01). Los grupos puberales presentaron niveles más elevados de insulina y de HOMA-IR respecto de los niños prepuberales (p ã 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La insulina y el índice HOMA-IR mostraron los cambios fisiológicos conocidos en niños y adolescentes. Valores de insulinemia en ayuno de 10 pUI/mL en prepúberes y 17 pUI/ mL y 13 pUI/mL en niñas y niños púberes respectivamente pueden ser considerados como valor límite aceptable en niños sanos. HOMA-IR ã 2,0 y ã 2,6 en prepúberes y púberes, respectivamente, podrían alertar a los pediatras sobre un posible estado de insulinorresistencia.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Insulina/sangue , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Terroir concept includes specific soil, topography, climate, landscape characteristics and biodiversity features. In reference to the last aspect, recent studies investigating the microbial biogeography (lately called 'microbial terroir') have revealed that different wine-growing regions maintain different microbial communities. The aim of the present work was to identify potential autochthonous fermentative yeasts isolated from native plants in North Patagonia, Schinus johnstonii, Ephedra ochreata and Lycium chilense, that could be associated to the specific vitivinicultural terroir of this region. Different Pichia kudriavzevii isolates were recovered from these plants and physiologically and genetically compared to regional wine isolates and foreign reference strains of the same species. All isolates were subjected to molecular characterization including mtDNA-RFLP, RAPD-PCR and sequence analysis. Both wine and native P. kudriavzevii isolates from Patagonia showed similar features, different from those showed by foreign strains, suggesting that this species could be part of a specific regional terroir from North Patagonia.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/microbiologia , Ephedra/microbiologia , Fermentação/fisiologia , Lycium/microbiologia , Pichia/genética , Pichia/isolamento & purificação , Vinho/microbiologia , Argentina , Biodiversidade , Chile , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Vinho/análiseRESUMO
The effect of ß-1,3/1,6-glucan, derived from yeast, on growth, antioxidant, and digestive enzyme performance of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru before and after exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was investigated. The ß-1,3/1,6-glucan was added to the basal diet at two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 %). The treatment lasted 6 weeks, with sampling at regular intervals (0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). At the end of this period, the remaining fish from either control or ß-glucan-fed fish were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (3 mg kg(-1)) or with sterile physiological saline solution (SS) and then sampled at 0, 24, and 72 h. The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in growth performance after 6 weeks of feeding with ß-glucan. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver was significantly higher in diets containing 0.1 % ß-glucan in weeks 4 and 6, compared to the control group. ß-Glucan supplementation at 0.1 and 0.2 % significantly increased aminopeptidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin activity. At 72 h after injection of LPS, we observed a significant increase in catalase activity in liver from fish fed diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2 % ß-glucan; SOD activity increased in fish fed with 0.1 % ß-glucan in relation to those injected with SS. Feed supplemented with ß-1,3/1,6-glucan increased growth, antioxidant activity, and digestive enzyme activity in Pacific red snapper.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/enzimologia , Perciformes/metabolismo , beta-Glucanas , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Digestão , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Perciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis, aka whooping cough. Although generally considered an extracellular pathogen, this bacterium has been found inside respiratory epithelial cells, which might represent a survival strategy inside the host. Relatively little is known, however, about the mechanism of internalization and the fate of B. pertussis inside the epithelia. We show here that B. pertussis is able to enter those cells by a mechanism dependent on microtubule assembly, lipid raft integrity, and the activation of a tyrosine-kinase-mediated signaling. Once inside the cell, a significant proportion of the intracellular bacteria evade phagolysosomal fusion and remain viable in nonacidic lysosome-associated membrane-protein-1-negative compartments. In addition, intracellular B. pertussis was found able to repopulate the extracellular environment after complete elimination of the extracellular bacteria with polymyxin B. Taken together, these data suggest that B. pertussis is able to survive within respiratory epithelial cells and by this means potentially contribute to host immune system evasion.
Assuntos
Bordetella pertussis/imunologia , Mucosa Respiratória/imunologia , Mucosa Respiratória/microbiologia , Células Epiteliais Alveolares/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais Alveolares/microbiologia , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Espaço Intracelular/microbiologia , Microdomínios da Membrana/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Coqueluche/imunologia , Coqueluche/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to identify the presence of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar by nested PCR in children attending the Dr. Luis Razetti Hospital, Barcelona, Anzoátegui State. Of the 1,141 fecal samples coproparasitologically evaluated by conventional microscopy, 150 were diagnosed positive for E. histolytica in 0-10 year-old-children, of both sexes. The signs, symptoms and a full coproparasitological report were obtained from all of these and nested PCR was performed to identify E. histolytica and E. dispar. The conventional microscopy results showed a diagnostic frequency of E. histolytica in 13.2% of the cases, of which 79.3% were positive only for this pathogen. However, nested PCR showed that of these, only 28% (42/150) were actually infected by Entamoeba spp., revealing a high over-diagnosis of E. histolytica. We also identified 9.3% E. histolytica, 4% E. dispar and 4.7% mixed infections. Diarrhea was the most common symptom, followed by abdominal pain and fever. Bloody stools were statistically associated with E. histolytica, but were also found for E. dispar infections. This study demonstrates that molecular techniques complementary to conventional methods enable the correct identification of Entamoeba spp., thus contributing to an improved epidemiological assessment of these parasites and implementation of the appropriate treatment.
Esta investigación planteó detectar por nested PCR Entamoeba histolytica y E. dispar en niños del Hospital Dr. Luis Razetti de Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui y su asociación con síntomas clínicos. De 1.141 muestras fecales evaluadas parasitológicamente por microscopía convencional, 150 fueron positivas a E. histolytica en niños de 0-10 años y de ambos sexos. Se obtuvo información de signos, síntomas y reporte parasitólogico completo de cada uno de los pacientes y se realizó nested PCR para identificar E. histolytica y E. dispar. Los resultados de la microscopía convencional demostraron una frecuencia de diagnóstico de E. histolytica del 13,2%. En el 79,3% de estas positivas se reportó esta especie como único patógeno. Sin embargo, la nested PCR evidenció que sólo 28,0% (42/150) de las mismas presentaron infecciones por Entamoeba, evidenciándose un elevado sobrediagnóstico de E. histolytica. Además se identificaron 9,3% infecciones por E. histolytica, 4,0% E. dispar, y 4,7%infecciones mixtas. La diarrea fue el síntoma más común, seguido de dolor abdominal y fiebre. La presencia de sangre demostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con E. histolytica, pero también se reportó en infecciones por E. dispar. Este estudio demuestra que las técnicas moleculares complementarias a los métodos convencionales, permiten la identificación correcta de especies de Entamoeba, contribuyendo con una mejor evaluación epidemiológica de estos parásitos y la aplicación adecuada del tratamiento.