RESUMO
AIM: To identify Prediabetes (PreD) as early and serious diabetes step using clinical-biochemical characteristics in the population of the Primary Prevention Diabetes Buenos Aires (PPDBA) study. METHODS: PPDBA Study evaluated benefits of adopting healthy lifestyles to prevent T2D. It recruited people 45-75 years of age with PreD (impaired fasting glycaemia [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] or both, American Diabetes Association criteria), using an opportunistic approach. They completed a FINDRISC questionnaire, and those with a score ≥13 points were invited to participate. When they accepted, we performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a complete lipid profile and HbA1c while physicians completed a clinical history. We recruited 367 persons, and depending on OGTT results, the sample was divided into normals (NGT), PreD, or with diabetes (last one was excluded in our analysis). Data were statistically analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests and logistic regression to identify parameters associated with PreD. RESULTS: From the recruited (n = 367) 47.7% have NGT, 48.5% PreD and 3.8% unknown T2D (excluded). People with PreD were significantly older, with a higher percentage of overweight/obesity, BMI, and larger waist circumference than NGT. They also showed significantly higher fasting and 2 h post glucose load, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels. No significant differences were recorded in the blood pressure, lipid profile though both groups had abnormally high LDL-c values. They also had a larger percentage of TG/HDL-c ratios (insulin resistance indicator) (55% vs. 37.5%). Logistic regression analysis showed that PreD was significant associated with age, waist circumference, and triglyceride above target values. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that clinical and biochemical parameters were significantly different between people with PreD and those with NGT. This evidence supports the concept that PreD is a serious dysfunction, which should be early diagnosed and treated properly to prevent its transition to T2D and its complications.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Intolerância à Glucose , Resistência à Insulina , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Glicemia/análise , Triglicerídeos , Diagnóstico Precoce , JejumRESUMO
Cervical cancer is an important health concern worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death in Mexican women. Previous studies have shown changes in the female genital tract microbe community related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer; yet, this link remains unexplored in many human populations. This study evaluated the vaginal bacterial community among Mexican women with precancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). We sequenced the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene in cervical samples from 228 Mexican women, including 121 participants with SIL, most of which were HPV positive, and 107 healthy women without HPV infection or SIL. The presence of SIL was associated with changes in composition (beta diversity) and with a higher species richness (Chao1). A comparison of HPV-positive women with and without SIL showed that microbiota changes occurred even in the absence of SIL. Multivariate association with linear models (MaAsLin) analysis yielded independent associations between HPV infection and an increase in the relative abundance of Brachybacterium conglomeratum and Brevibacterium aureum as well as a decrease in two Lactobacillus iners operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We also identified a positive independent association between HPV-16, the most common HPV subtype linked to SIL, and Brachybacterium conglomeratum. Our work indicates that HPV infection leading to SIL is primarily associated with shifts in vaginal microbiota composition, some of which may be specific to this human population. IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in cervical carcinogenesis but is not sufficient for cervical cancer development, indicating the involvement of other factors. The vaginal microbiota is an important factor in controlling infections caused by HPV, and, depending on its composition, it can modulate the microenvironment in vaginal mucosa against viral infections. Ethnic and sociodemographic factors influence differences in vaginal microbiome composition, which underlies the dysbiotic patterns linked to HPV infection and cervical cancer across different populations of women. Here, we provide evidence for associations between vaginal microbiota patterns and HPV infection linked to ethnic and sociodemographic factors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the species Brevibacterium aureum and Brachybacterium conglomeratum linked to HPV infection or squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).
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Bactérias/classificação , Microbiota/genética , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Vagina/microbiologia , Actinobacteria/genética , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Alphapapillomavirus , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Brevibacterium/genética , Brevibacterium/isolamento & purificação , Disbiose/microbiologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactobacillus/genética , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , México , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos Analizar: 1) el perfil lipídico en personas con glucemia de ayunas alterada (GAA) y 2) su posible asociación con parámetros clínico-metabólicos. Material y métodos Se reclutaron 101 personas de ambos sexos asistentes a consultorios de la Carrera Universitaria de Medicina Interna UNLP, incluyéndose personas >15 años que firmaron consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio; se excluyeron aquellos tratados con fármacos que afectaran el metabolismo lipídico y con diabetes tipo 2. En ellos se registraron antecedentes personales, heredofamiliares, hábitos de vida y ocurrencia de eventos cardiovasculares previos, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC) y tensión arterial. En muestras de sangre se determinó glucemia, HbA1c y perfil lipídico; en la mayoría se agregó insulinemia e índice HOMA-IR. La evaluación estadística incluyó ANOVA y test de Tukey, considerándose significativas diferencias con valor de p ≤0,05. Resultados: 67,32% de los participantes presentaron glucemias ≤100 mg/dl (grupo control) y el 32,67% disglucemias compatibles con el estado de GAA. La edad promedio, el IMC y la CC, los valores de HbA1c, insulina y HOMA-IR al igual que el porcentaje de personas con hipertensión arterial fueron significativamente mayores en este último grupo. Los valores del perfil lipídico registrados fueron mayores en el grupo de GAA excepto el c-HDL en el que fueron menores. Conclusión La dislipemia presente en personas con GAA sería simultáneamente un marcador de ateroesclerosis obliterante y un promotor de la transición a DT2, por lo que requiere su diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz.
ABSTRACT Aims To analyze: 1) the lipid profile in people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 2) its potential association with clinical and metabolic parameters. Materials and methods: 101 people were recruited from those attending the University of Internal Medicine UNLP clinic, including people of both sexes, >15 years who sign informed consent to participate in the study; those treated with drugs that affect lipid metabolism and with type 2 diabetes were excluded. In all of them had we recoded body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC) and blood pressure. Their personal history, inherited relatives, life habits and occurrence of cardiovascular events were also recorded. In their blood samples, blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile were measured as well as insulin and HOMA-IR index in most of them. Statistical evaluation included ANOVA and Tukey's test; significant differences were considered when their p value was ≤0.05. Results 67.32% of the participants presented glycemias ≤100 mg/dl (control group) and 32.67% values compatible with IFG status. Mean age, BMI and WC, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA-IR values, as well as the percentage of people with hypertension, were significantly higher in the latter group. The values of the lipid profile recorded were higher in the GAA group except the HDL-c in which they were lower. Conclusion Since the dyslipidemia present in people with IFG would simultaneously be a marker of atherosclerosis obliterans and a promoter of the transition to DT2, it requires its early diagnosis and treatment.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Dislipidemias/complicações , Glicemia/análise , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Dislipidemias/diagnósticoRESUMO
Colon cancer is the third most frequent cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and the standard therapy is surgical resection plus adjuvant chemotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy because it can prevent the tumor recurrence after surgical excision in colon cancer patients. Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors and leads to chemo/radioresistance. Recently, it has been shown that in response to hypoxia, cells can induce HIF-1α-mediated autophagy to survive in this hostile microenvironment. Moreover, hypoxia and autophagy have been implicated in the resistance to antitumor PDT. However, the molecular signals by which HIF-1α induces autophagy in the PDT context have not been studied yet. Here we evaluate the interplay between HIF-1α and autophagy as well as the underlying mechanism in the PDT resistance of colon cancer cells. Our study demonstrates that HIF-1α stabilization significantly increases VMP1-related autophagy through binding to hypoxia responsive elements in the VMP1 promoter. We show that HIF-1α-induced autophagy increases colon cancer cell survival as well as decreases cell death after PDT. Moreover, here we demonstrate that HIF-1α-induced autophagy is mediated by VMP1 expression, since the downregulation of VMP1 by the RNA interference strategy reduces HIF-1α-induced autophagy and cell survival after PDT. In conclusion, PDT induces autophagy as a survival mechanism and the induction of the novel HIF-1α/VMP1-autophagic pathway may explain, at least in part, the resistance of colon cancer cells to PDT. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in PDT resistance may lead to more accurate therapeutic strategies.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Autofagia , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
AIMS: Evaluating the winemaking stress tolerance of a set of both Saccharomyces eubayanus and Saccharomyces uvarum strains from diverse Patagonian habitats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Yeast strains growth was analysed under increasing ethanol concentrations; all of them were able to grow until 8% v/v ethanol. The effect of different temperature and pH conditions as well as at SO2 and hexose concentrations was evaluated by means of a central composite experimental design. Only two S. uvarum strains (NPCC 1289 and 1321) were able to grow in most stress conditions. Kinetic parameters analysed (µmax and λ) were statistically affected by temperature, pH and SO2 , but not influenced by sugar concentration. The obtained growth model was used for predicting optimal growth conditions for both strains: 20°C, 0% w/v SO2 and pH 4·5. CONCLUSIONS: Strains from human-associated environments (chichas) presented the highest diversity in the response to different stress factors. Two S. uvarum strains from chichas demonstrated to be the most tolerant to winemaking conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work evidenced the potential use of two S. uvarum yeast strains as starter cultures in wines fermented at low temperatures. Saccharomyces eubayanus was significantly affected by winemaking stress conditions, limiting its use in this industry.
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Etanol/metabolismo , Saccharomyces/metabolismo , Vinho/microbiologia , Reatores Biológicos , Fermentação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Temperatura , Vinho/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Invasive management of pancreatic pseudocysts (PP) is currently indicated in those patients with symptoms or complications. Treatment options are classified as surgical (open and laparoscopic) and non-surgical (endoscopic and radiologic). AIM: To describe the morbidity, mortality, and efficacy in terms of technical and clinical success of the laparoscopic surgical approach in the treatment of patients with PP in the last 3 years at our hospital center. METHODS: We included patients with PP treated with laparoscopic surgery within the time frame of January 2012 and December 2014. The morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure were determined, together with the postoperative results in terms of effectiveness and recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients were diagnosed with PP within the last 3 years, but only 20 of them had invasive treatment. Laparoscopic surgery was performed on 17 of those patients (mean pseudocyst diameter of 15.3, primary drainage success rate of 94.1%, complication rate of 5.9%, and a 40-month follow-up). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with the laparoscopic technique used at our hospital center showed that this approach is feasible, efficacious, and safe. Thus, performed by skilled surgeons, it should be considered a treatment option for patients with PP.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Pseudocisto Pancreático/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pseudocisto Pancreático/epidemiologia , Pseudocisto Pancreático/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human obesity is associated with a proinflammatory state and an elevated level of mediators, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). OBJECTIVES: To establish CRP levels as baseline preoperative values and then at 6 months after bariatric surgery, as well as to determine the changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), leukocytes, and glycemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, analytical, retrospective, longitudinal, and open study was conducted. Serum CRP values were measured in 36 adults presenting with morbid obesity, and their baseline relation to weight, BMI, leukocytes, and glycemia was determined; the relation to the same parameters was established again, 6 months after bariatric surgery. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of preoperative and postoperative CRP (mg/L) was 1.15±0.86 and 0.34±0.28, respectively with p<0.0001; weight (kg) 112.10±22.91 and 84.82±17.11, p=0.0443; BMI (kg/m(2)) 42.48±5.97 and 32.2±4.79, p=0.0988; glucose (mg/dL) 100.58±17.82 and 87.11±8.49, p<0.0001, and leukocytes (× 10(3)/mm(3)) 8.62±1.69 and 6.99±1.56, p=0.3192. Baseline CRP only correlated with weight and BMI (p=0.047 and p=0.027 respectively) and there was no correlation between postoperative CRP and the evaluated parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative CRP had a significant lineal relation to weight and body mass index. Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a significant decrease in CRP, weight, and fasting glucose at 6 months after surgery.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Obesidade Mórbida/sangue , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Choledocholithiasis presents in 5-10% of the patients with biliary lithiasis. Numerous treatment algorithms have been considered for this disease, however, up to 10% of these therapeutic procedures may fail. Intraoperative choledochoscopy has become a useful tool in the treatment of patients with difficult-to-manage choledocholithiasis. OBJECTIVES: To determine the usefulness of intraoperative choledochoscopy in the laparoendoscopic treatment of difficult stones that was carried out in our service. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The case records were reviewed of the patients that underwent intraoperative choledochoscopy during biliary tree exploration plus laparoscopic choledochoduodenal anastomosis within the time frame of March 1, 2011 and May 31, 2012, at the Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González. Transabdominal choledochoscopies were performed with active stone extraction when necessary, followed by peroral choledochoscopies through the recently formed bilioenteric anastomosis. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency. RESULTS: The mean age was 71 years, 57% of the patients were women, and the ASA III score predominated. Active extraction of stones with 7 to 35mm diameters was carried out in 4 of the cases and the absence of stones in the biliary tract was corroborated in all the patients. The mean surgery duration was 18 minutes (range: 4 to 45min). CONCLUSIONS: Choledochoscopy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the definitive treatment of difficult stones.
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Sistema Biliar/patologia , Coledocolitíase/patologia , Coledocolitíase/cirurgia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Laparoscopia/métodosRESUMO
Household refrigerators are a potential pathogen contamination source for foods. An evaluation of the microbiological safety of 200 refrigerators in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, was made by visual inspection, ATP-bioluminescence levels, indicator microorganisms including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella. Additionally, interviews of the owners of the refrigerators were carried out to determine relationships between food storage practices, demographic aspects, and microbiological status. Dishcloths used to clean refrigerators were also analyzed. Operational conditions (cleanliness, fullness, organization, frequency of cleaning, and temperature) were evaluated by trained observers. Results showed deficient cleanliness in 55% of refrigerators, 22% were completely full, 43% very disorganized, 28% were usually cleaned only once in 3 to 6 months, and 53% had internal temperatures >7.1°C. ATP-bioluminescence levels were >300 relative light units on 67 and 74% of shelves and drawers, respectively, indicating that surfaces were dirty according to the luminometer manufacturer. Psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria counts on shelves, drawers, and dishcloths were 6.3, 5.2, and 6.3 log CFU/cm(2); for coliform bacteria, 5.2, 3.9, and 4.7 CFU/cm(2); for E. coli, 3.7, 3.5, and 4.8 CFU/cm(2); and for Staphylococcus aureus, 2.1, 2.5, and 2.3 CFU/cm(2), respectively. L. monocytogenes and Salmonella were isolated from 59.5, 20.5, and 17% and 32.5, 8.0 and 12.5% of shelves, drawers, and dishcloths, respectively. Four Salmonella serotypes and nine serogroups (partially serotyped isolates) were identified. The most prevalent were Salmonella Anatum (39.5%), Salmonella group E1 (19.7%), and Salmonella group E1 monophasic (12.5%). Operational conditions and microbiological status were clearly deficient in sampled refrigerators, highlighting the consequent risk of foodborne disease among users. Educational programs are needed to improve the domestic food safety in Mexico.
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Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Manipulação de Alimentos/normas , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Refrigeração/normas , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , México , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , TemperaturaRESUMO
Pancreatic pseudocysts are defined as homogeneous pancreatic or peripancreatic collections that are not associated with necrotic tissue and are surrounded by granulated or fibrous tissue with no epithelium. Management has been classified as surgical (conventional and laparoscopic) and nonsurgical (endoscopic and radiologic). The aim of this report is to describe our initial experience in the management of a pancreatic pseudocyst by means of laparoscopic posterior cyst-gastrostomy anastomosis, performed at the Pancreas Clinic of the Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González" in Mexico City. New techniques and instrumentation have contributed to the relatively recent development of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery. Our technique has practical advantages that have been confirmed by other authors, such as simple hemostasis, a wide viewing angle enabling adequate necrosectomy, anastomosis that does not require the use of staples, and the possibility of resolving other associated intra-abdominal pathologies, as in this case.
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Drenagem/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Pseudocisto Pancreático/cirurgia , Adulto , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Masculino , Pâncreas/patologia , Pâncreas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to characterize the α-l-rhamnosidase of Pichia guilliermondii NPCC1053 indigenous wine strain from North-Patagonian region. METHODS AND RESULTS: The optimization of yeast culture conditions was carried out and the effects of oenological parameters on α-l-rhamnosidase activity were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of direct contact with must and wine on α-l-rhamnosidase activity was assayed. This strain showed an intracellular inducible α-l-rhamnosidase activity. This enzyme was active at pH, glucose and SO(2) concentrations usually found at the beginning of the fermentation as well as retained high levels of activity after 24 h of incubation in must. Furthermore, P. guilliermondiiα-l-rhamnosidase was able to release monoterpenols and alcohols from grape glycosidic extracts. CONCLUSIONS: The α-l-rhamnosidase belonging to P. guilliermondii indigenous wine yeast strain showed mainly an intracellular location and evidenced interesting oenological characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study contributes to the knowledge of α-l-rhamnosidases from yeast origin because at present, there are few reports about this enzymatic activity in these micro-organisms. In addition, this work is relevant to the regional wine industry considering that this enzyme could be used in the production of more aromatic young wines.
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Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Pichia/enzimologia , Vinho/microbiologia , Argentina , Meios de Cultura , Fermentação , Pichia/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors are characterized by their great diversity of genes and alleles. Population studies have identified the presence of a broad variety of genotypes. In Mexico, there are diverse ethnic groups representing 9% of the total population and the rest is composed of Mestizos with a more varied biology. For the purpose of this study, genotyping was performed in Mestizos, in Mexico City inhabitants, and in three ethnic groups. The frequencies of genes KIR2DL2, 2DL5, 2DS1-3, 2DS5, and 3DS1 showed a greater variability in the groups studied. A total of 12 different genotypes were identified, the higher number for the Mestizos and the lower number for the Tarahumaras. Genotype 1 was found at a greater frequency in all the groups, except for the Tarahumaras, in which genotype 4 was more frequent. The frequency of genotypes 4 and 8 in Mexicans was higher than that for other populations analyzed. By subtyping of KIR3DL1, 3DL2, 2DL1, and 2DL3, two B haplotypes were identified in families; both were absent in Caucasian families. Our results indicated a greater diversity of genes in the Mestizos group than in the ethnic groups.
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Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Frequência do Gene , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , México/etnologia , População/genética , Receptores KIR , Receptores KIR2DL1 , Receptores KIR2DL2 , Receptores KIR2DL3 , Receptores KIR3DL1 , Receptores KIR3DL2 , Receptores KIR3DS1RESUMO
In Argentina, as in other countries, the number of pertussis cases has been increasing, even in highly vaccinated zones. Many reports suggest that the decline of vaccine efficacy due to antigenic shifts in the circulating Bordetella pertussis might be among the factors that contribute to pertussis re-emergence in different parts of the world. To evaluate the incidence of this factor in Argentina, we decided to characterize the circulating bacteria of an important demographic area of this country in comparison with the strain used for vaccine production. From 1997 to 2003 we collected nasopharyngeal samples from pediatric patients with signs of Bordetella infection hospitalized in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires and La Plata, Argentina. From these samples we identified 28 B. pertussis, which were characterized by biochemical techniques, PCR, DNA fingerprint, prn and ptx genes sequencing, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) pattern. BOX-PCR from B. pertussis isolates yielded one cluster containing 13 isolates and some smaller ones, being all fingerprints different from the vaccine strain. Differences between Argentinean circulating bacteria and the vaccine strain were also observed for the Prn and Ptx variants as well as for the LPS pattern. Moreover, this last pattern seemed to change over the years. In addition, we identified two B. bronchiseptica. The presence of this Bordetella species together with the observed differences between circulating B. pertussis and the strain used in vaccine production should be considered for the development of an improved vaccine.
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Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Vacina contra Coqueluche , Adulto , Argentina , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Bordetella pertussis/imunologia , Bordetella pertussis/patogenicidade , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Toxina Pertussis/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Virulência , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/genéticaRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was performed in 60 Cuban women of child-bearing age who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 60 controls. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was identified most frequently, with oncogenic HPV serotypes 16, 33 and 58 detected in HIV-positive patients, and serotypes 11, 33 and 51 in the controls (relative risk 4.41; 95% CI 2.21-8.29). Syphilis and hepatitis B and C viruses were detected exclusively in HIV-seropositive women (p<0.05). Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) appeared to pose a substantial health problem, especially for HIV-positive women. Clinics should consider screening and treatment for STDs as part of their HIV prevention programmes.
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Papillomaviridae , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Sífilis/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to select autochthonous glycosidase producer yeasts with potential use in industrial production of Patagonian red wines. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was carried out in oenological autochthonous yeasts from Comahue region (Argentinean North Patagonia). A set of screenable yeast phenotypic characteristics indicative of their potential usefulness in more aromatic red wine production was defined and tested in both, Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces populations. Twelve isolates showing six different glycosidase phenotypes were selected and they were characterized at species and strain levels using molecular methods. A close correlation between molecular and phenotypic characteristics was observed. Five strains belonging to Candida guilliermondii, C. pulcherrima and Kloeckera apiculata with highest constitutive beta-glucosidase activity levels without anthocyanase activity were discriminated. Some of them also showed constitutive beta-xylosidase and inductive alpha-rhamnosidase activities. CONCLUSIONS: The extension of the selection of oenological yeast to non-Saccharomyces species provided strains possessing novel and interesting oenological characteristics which could have significant implications in the production of more aromatic young red wine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: As these non-Saccharomyces are indigenous to wine, they can be used in mixed starters at the beginning or as pure cultures at the end fermentation to contribute in enhancing the wine nuance that is typical of this specific area.