RESUMO
The diversity of microorganisms associated with speleological sources has mainly been studied in limestone caves, while studies in silicate caves are still under development. Here, we profiled the microbial diversity of opal speleothems from a silicate cave in Guiana Highlands. Bulk DNAs were extracted from three speleothems of two types, i.e., one soft whitish mushroom-like speleothem and two hard blackish coral-like speleothems. The extracted DNAs were amplified for sequencing the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq. A total of 210,309 valid reads were obtained and clustered into 3184 phylotypes or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTUs from the soft whitish speleothem were mostly affiliated with Acidobacteriota, Pseudomonadota (formerly, Proteobacteria), and Chloroflexota, with the OTUs ascribed to Nitrospirota being found specifically in this speleothem. The OTUs from the hard blackish speleothems were similar to each other and were mostly affiliated with Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinomycetota (formerly, Actinobacteria). These OTU compositions were generally consistent with those reported for limestone and silicate caves. The OTUs were further used to infer metabolic features by using the PICRUSt bioinformatic tool, and membrane transport and amino acid metabolism were noticeably featured. These and other featured metabolisms may influence the pH microenvironment and, consequently, the formation, weathering, and re-deposition of silicate speleothems.
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One of the intended applications for the modification of ion exchange membranes with polyaniline (PAni) is to use it as a matrix to include chemical species that confer a special property such as resistance to fouling or ion selectivity. In particular, the inclusion of polyelectrolyte molecules into the PAni matrix appears to be the way to modulate these properties of selective membranes. Therefore, it must be clearly understood how the polyelectrolyte is incorporated into the matrix of polyaniline. Among the results obtained in this paper using poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, the amount of polyelectrolyte incorporated into PAni is found to be proportional to the PSS concentration in solution if its value is between 0 and 20 mM, while it reaches a maximum value when the PSS in solution is greater than 20 mM. When the anion exchange membranes are modified with these composite deposits, the transport number of chloride was found to decrease progressively (when the PSS concentration in solution is between 0 and 20 mM) to reach a practically constant value when a concentration of PSS greater than 20 mM was used.
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Vasomotor symptoms are one of the main reasons for climateric women to consult a physician. Hormone therapy is the first treatment choice, but it is not indicated to all patients. Veralipride is an option for those who cannot or will not try hormone treatment. The Mexican Association for the Study of Climateric (AMEC) assembled an interdisciplinary group of medical experts so that they revised the medical literature on the subject and reached a consensus on veralipride indication, doses, counterindications and safety. The recommendations of the consensus conference on veralipride are: (1) Physicians must be familiar with its indication, side effects, pharmacokinetics and dosage. (2) Patients must be informed on other therapeutical options. (3) Patients' mental and neurological state must be evaluated, in particular to identify movement disorders, extrapyramidal symptoms (tremor or dystonia), anxiety and depression that can be mistaken for climateric symptoms. (4) Any adverse effect associated with the drug must be reported. (5) A random multicenter trial must be carried out in order to identify the frequency and severity of side effects, and (6) Written information on possible health risks when using the drug must be provided.
Assuntos
Menopausa , Sulpirida/análogos & derivados , Sistema Vasomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Vasomotor/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos , Seleção de Pacientes , Sulpirida/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recognition of the presence and role of decremental fibers during wide QRS tachycardia requires carefully executed intracardiac studies. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the value of the atrioventricular (AV) conduction time during pre-excited tachycardia to differentiate a fast from a decrementally conducting accessory pathway (AP). METHODS: Fifty-one patients with 56 pre-excited tachycardias were included in the study: Group I: 27 patients with 31 antidromic tachycardia (ADT) using an atriofascicular pathway, Group II: 2 patients with pre-excited tachycardia due to bystander AV conduction, Group III: 3 patients with ADT and a short AV Mahaim fiber, and Group IV: 19 patients with 21 ADT using a fast conducting right-sided AP. The AV interval was measured in the His bundle electrogram and related to the tachycardia cycle length (TCL) by making an AV/TCL index. RESULTS: An AV interval > or = 150 ms during pre-excited tachycardia yielded a 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 83% for AV conduction over a decrementally conducting pathway, whereas a > or =0.55 AV/TCL index yielded a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 84%. In 3 of 4 patients with Mahaim fibers and a <0.55 AV/TCL index, a prolonged ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction time was found. CONCLUSIONS: An AV interval > or =150 ms during pre-excited tachycardia is a fast and reliable method for detecting a decrementally conducting AP. Correcting the AV interval by the tachycardia cycle length improved specificity and positive predictive accuracy.
Assuntos
Nó Atrioventricular/patologia , Taquicardia por Reentrada no Nó Atrioventricular/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Bloqueio de Ramo , Feminino , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pré-Excitação Tipo Mahaim , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In this study, we have identified and evaluated the cardiovascular anomalies associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome in children.In a retrospective, lineal, and observational study, we reviewed the files of children who were seen from 1980 through 2005 (25 years) after a clinical diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome.Forty children were diagnosed with this syndrome at the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City. Of these, 32 (80%) were found to have congenital heart defects. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1 and ages ranged from 6 months to 15 years (mean, 4.4 years) at the time of diagnosis. All of the patients had morphologic and genetic characteristics typical of the syndrome.We emphasize the cardiovascular aspects from a clinical point of view. Supravalvular aortic stenosis was our most frequent finding, in 18 of 32 patients (56%); gradient differences in these patients ranged from 14 to 81 mmHg. Five patients showed combined lesions, the most frequent being supravalvular aortic stenosis in combination with pulmonary artery brachial stenosis, or with atrial and ventricular defects. Patients with incomplete atrioventricular defect and bicuspid aortic valve, as were seen at our hospital, have not to our knowledge been reported in other studies.One of the patients was scheduled for balloon dilation; another was scheduled for surgery; a 3rd patient was operated on twice for the placement of an aorto-aortic bridge; another underwent ventricular septal defect closure; and yet another underwent aortoplasty, this last dying shortly after surgery.
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Comparação Transcultural , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Williams/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Estenose Aórtica Supravalvular/diagnóstico , Estenose Aórtica Supravalvular/epidemiologia , Estenose Aórtica Supravalvular/genética , Estenose Aórtica Supravalvular/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/anormalidades , Aortografia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 7/genética , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico , Constrição Patológica/epidemiologia , Constrição Patológica/genética , Constrição Patológica/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/diagnóstico , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/epidemiologia , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/genética , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/diagnóstico , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/epidemiologia , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/genética , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/cirurgia , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Lactente , Masculino , México , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Williams/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Williams/genética , Síndrome de Williams/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The typical and most common tachycardia in patients with atriofascicular pathways is a macro reentrant tachycardia, with anterograde conduction over the decrementally conducting bypass tract and retrograde conduction over the right bundle branch-His-AV node axis resulting in a short V-right bundle branch and short V-H interval. OBJECTIVES: To report on changes in rate and QRS configuration when right bundle branch block (RBBB) develops spontaneously during antidromic tachycardia using an atriofascicular fiber. METHODS: Three of 25 patients with an antidromic circus movement tachycardia using a right-sided atriofascicular pathway showed episodes of right bundle branch block (RBBB) during ventriculo-atrial conduction. Effect of retrograde RBBB on tachycardia rate and QRS configuration was studied using intracardiac and extracardiac recordings. RESULTS: All 3 patients showed prolongation of their V-A interval when retrograde RBBB occurred during tachycardia, resulting in a longer tachycardia cycle length. The VA time increase ranged from 85 to 100 msec, with a mean 346 +/- 5 msec. Two of the 3 patients also showed a change in QRS configuration due to a more leftward shift of the frontal plane QRS axis. CONCLUSION: Rate changes in antidromic tachycardia in patients with atriofascicular fibers can be based on a shift in VA conduction from one bundle branch to the other. This may be accompanied by changes in the frontal plane QRS axis because of a change in ventricular activation sequence.
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Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Taquicardia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Nó Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Fascículo Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AIM: The study examined the association between perceived body size (through self-selection of Stunkard's body shape silhouettes) and measured body mass index (BMI) in Mexican Mestiso adult men and women, and determined the BMI values that corresponded to each silhouette. SUBJECTS: A sample of 1092 men and 1247 women, apparently healthy, aged 20-69, was studied. METHODS: Participants were asked to identify the silhouette that most accurately represented his/her body size. Weight and height were measured in duplicate to calculate BMI. A simple linear regression analysis was used to adjust BMI values to silhouette categories by gender. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated to assess accuracy. RESULTS: Gender-specific BMI values for each silhouette were obtained. Correlation coefficients between silhouette ratings and BMI were 0.702 in males and 0.766 in females. Overweight ranged from silhouette 4 to 6 and obesity from silhouette 6 to 9, in both men and women. In the regression models, 49.3% of BMI variance in males and 58.7% in females were explained statistically by silhouette self-selection. AUC were higher than 0.8 for overweight and obesity in males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Both male and female models had a good fit, indicating that BMI can be associated with body shape silhouettes. Silhouettes can be useful for defining overweight and obesity in settings such as schools or worksites, or where scales and stadiometers might not be available. They can also be used to provide health advice to the public.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Adulto , Idoso , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the ECG profile of a cohort of patients with fasciculoventricular pathways and compare the profile with the ECG of patients with anteroseptal and midseptal accessory pathways. BACKGROUND: Electrophysiologic findings suggest fasciculoventricular pathways insert into the septal region. Findings also suggest the 12-lead surface ECG during sinus rhythm is similar to the ECG of patients with anteroseptal and midseptal bypass tracts. METHODS: Four different observers analyzed the 12-lead ECG of seven patients with fasciculoventricular pathways (group I) and the ECG of 20 patients with midseptal AV accessory pathways (group II) and 20 patients with anteroseptal AV accessory pathways (group III). The following variables were analyzed: ECG frontal plane QRS and delta wave axis; angle between the QRS and the delta wave axis; QRS width; R/S ratio in lead III; presence of a negative delta wave in inferior leads; and precordial lead transition to R/S >1. RESULTS: The ECG of fasciculoventricular pathways shows a variable pattern. It shares some features with an anteroseptal accessory pathway and others with a midseptal accessory pathway. A narrower QRS width was the most important variable in distinguishing a fasciculoventricular pathway from a septally located AV bypass tract (P <.0001). The angle between the QRS and the delta wave frontal plane axis could differentiate a fasciculoventricular pathway from an anteroseptal bypass tract (P <.0001) but not from a midseptal accessory pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The sinus rhythm ECG of patients with fasciculoventricular pathways shows similarities with ECGs of patients with anteroseptal and midseptal accessory pathways, but the QRS complex usually is narrower. The ECG recorded during sinus rhythm cannot reliably differentiate fasciculoventricular pathways with a broad QRS complex from anteroseptal or midseptal bypass tracts.
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Eletrocardiografia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Síndromes de Pré-Excitação/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndromes de Pré-Excitação/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Short A-V manheim fiber. INTRODUCTION: A short atrioventricular decrementally conducting accessory pathway is an uncommon variant of preexcitation. Available data from small series suggest that their decremental properties might not be caused by A-V nodal-like tissue. METHODS: We compared clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic parameters in two groups of patients: 8 patients with a short A-V Mahaim pathway (Group A), and 33 patients with atriofascicular pathways (Group B). Radiofrequency catheter ablation was carried out guided by activation mapping at the annulus in Group A patients and targeting the "M" potential in Group B patients. RESULTS: After ablation of all associated rapidly conducting bypass tracts, 7 of the 8 Group A patients showed clear preexcitation. In only 1 of 8 patients the short A-V Mahaim fiber was actively engaged in a reentrant tachycardia circuit. During radiofrequency catheter ablation an automatic rhythm occurred in 4 of 8 patients. Intravenous adenosine caused conduction a block in the Mahaim fiber in 3 of the 5 patients tested. In group B, no patient showed clear preexcitation (P<00001) while 72% had a minimal preexcitation pattern. Twenty-nine of the 33 patients had a circus movement tachycardia with AV conduction over the atriofascicular fiber. During radiofrequency catheter ablation 30 of 33 patients showed accessory pathway automaticity. Adenosine caused transient block at the atriofascicular pathway in 11 (92%) of the 12 patients tested. CONCLUSIONS: While short decrementally conducting right-sided accessory pathways show a typical ECG pattern different from atriofascicular pathways, their electrophysiologic properties do not seem to be uniform. Those pathways can be successfully interrupted by catheter ablation.
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Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Nó Atrioventricular/fisiologia , Ablação por Cateter , Eletrocardiografia , Eletrofisiologia , Feminino , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taquicardia/fisiopatologia , Taquicardia/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Automatic rhythms associated with Mahaim fibers usually occur during radiofrequency catheter ablation. The incidence and significance of spontaneous automaticity in Mahaim fibers are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Spontaneous automatic rhythms were observed in 5 (12.5%) of 40 patients with Mahaim fibers referred for nonpharmacologic therapy because of recurrent episodes of symptomatic tachyarrhythmias, usually antidromic circus movement tachycardia (33/40 patients). Three were female and two were male. Their mean age was 15 +/- 7 years compared to 26 +/- 13 years of the patients without automaticity (P = 0.09). Three patients had both antidromic tachycardia and asymptomatic spontaneous automatic rhythms recorded during ambulatory ECG (1 patient) or electrophysiologic study (2 patients). In 2 patients, the automatic rhythm triggered antidromic tachycardia. Two other patients had nonsustained repetitive episodes of wide QRS tachycardia due to automaticity arising in the Mahaim fiber, without antidromic tachycardia. All automatic rhythms were abolished by successful catheter ablation of the Mahaim fibers. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous automaticity occurred in 12.5% of our Mahaim patients and may trigger antidromic tachycardia. Spontaneous automaticity, which is not seen in rapidly conducting accessory pathways, is another argument for the presence of an AV nodal-like structure in Mahaim fibers.
Assuntos
Pré-Excitação Tipo Mahaim/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Nó Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Ablação por Cateter , Eletrocardiografia , Eletrofisiologia , Feminino , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pré-Excitação Tipo Mahaim/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of previously described ECG criteria to identify preexcited tachycardia due to decrementally conducting accessory pathways (QRS axis between 0 and -75 degrees , QRS width < or = 0.15 seconds, an R wave in lead I, an rS pattern in lead V(1), RS > 1 QRS transition > V(4), and cycle length between 220 and 450 ms). BACKGROUND: Preexcited tachycardia associated with decrementally conducting right-sided accessory pathways usually shows a rather "narrow" QRS complex and can be difficult to differentiate from supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) aberrant conduction. METHODS: We analyzed three groups of patients: 32 patients with an atriofascicular pathway (group I); 8 patients with long (n = 3) or short (n = 5) decrementally conducting right-sided AV pathway (group II); and a control group that consisted of 35 patients with SVT and LBBB (group III). RESULTS: Presence of all six criteria had 87.5% sensitivity in group I and a 0% sensitivity in group II. There were four false negatives in group I. The negative predictive value was 82.5%, with six false positives in group III (five patients with an aberrant LBBB-shaped tachycardia with ventriculoatrial conduction over an accessory AV pathway). The criterion cycle length was not helpful. CONCLUSIONS: Criteria for identifying a tachycardia with anterograde conduction over a Mahaim fiber are helpful only in atriofascicular pathways, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a negative predictive value of 82.5%. The major cause of false positives was a tachycardia with aberrant LBBB conduction and ventriculoatrial conduction over an accessory AV pathway.
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Pré-Excitação Tipo Mahaim/fisiopatologia , Taquicardia Atrial Ectópica/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pré-Excitação Tipo Mahaim/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Taquicardia Atrial Ectópica/diagnósticoRESUMO
There is debate concerning the distal insertion of Mahaim fibers. Some findings favor an atriofascicular fiber connected with the distal right bundle branch. Other findings favor a long atrioventricular (AV) structure inserting into the myocardium. A patient having a decrementally conducting accessory pathway is reported. Proximal and distal Mahaim potentials were recorded during sinus rhythm, atrial pacing, and antidromic tachycardia. Both proximal and distal M potentials always preceded the QRS complex during sinus rhythm and antidromic tachycardia earlier than the right bundle branch potential. During tachycardia, the distal M potential was recorded 6 ms before the retrograde right bundle potential. Other arguments consistent with an AV connection were a change in the QRS configuration during tachycardia after the first radiofrequency pulse at the site of the distal M potential and absence of right bundle branch block after successful ablation. Conduction through the proximal part of the Mahaim fiber was unaltered after ablation, as assessed by recording the proximal M potential. Electrophysiologic evidence is presented suggesting a long AV accessory pathway inserting close to the distal right bundle branch rather than an atriofascicular connection in this patient with a Mahaim fiber.
Assuntos
Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Pré-Excitação Tipo Mahaim/fisiopatologia , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Adulto , Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Bloqueio de Ramo/cirurgia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Ablação por Cateter , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/cirurgia , Humanos , Pré-Excitação Tipo Mahaim/cirurgia , Taquicardia/fisiopatologia , Taquicardia/cirurgiaRESUMO
Las taquicardias ventriculares idiopáticas (TVI) pueden originarse en el ventrículo derecho o izquierdo. Se reporta la ablación por radiofrecuencia en pacientes jóvenes con TVI. Desde enero 1992 hasta mayo 1995 se trataron 11 pacientes menores de 23 años (7 a 23 años), 8 varones. Las patologías asociadas se excluyeron por ECG de superficie, prueba de esfuerzo, ECG de alta resolución, ecocardiograma 2-D, coronariografía y resonancia magnética. La morfología de la TV fue de BRI (7 pacientes), con eje a la derecha en 5 pacientes e intermedio en 2 pacientes. La TV fue con imagen de BRD con eje a la izquierda en 3 pacientes y con eje derecho en 1 paciente. Dos pacientes tuvieron dos morfologías de TV. El criterio para decidir el sitio de ablación fue el obtener complejos QRS idénticos en 12/12 derivaciones entre la morfología de la TV y la del mapeo por estimulación ventricular. En la TV con imagen de BRD se sumó el criterio de presencia de actividad del sistema de Purjinke. El éxito se obtuvo en 7 de 11 pacientes, 83 por ciento en las derechas y 92 por ciento en las izquierdas. Ninguno de los 7 pacientes presentó recurrencias (seguimiento entre 3 meses y 4 años). En 4 pacientes no fue posible ablacionar la arritmia, en tres de ellos se controló con sotalol. No hubo complicaciones en relación al procedimiento demostrando que la ablación por radiofrecuencia en niños y adolescentes es segura y eficaz (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Ablação por Cateter , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Eletrofisiologia , Arritmias CardíacasRESUMO
Las taquicardias ventriculares idiopáticas (TVI) pueden originarse en el ventrículo derecho o izquierdo. Se reporta la ablación por radiofrecuencia en pacientes jóvenes con TVI. Desde enero 1992 hasta mayo 1995 se trataron 11 pacientes menores de 23 años (7 a 23 años), 8 varones. Las patologías asociadas se excluyeron por ECG de superficie, prueba de esfuerzo, ECG de alta resolución, ecocardiograma 2-D, coronariografía y resonancia magnética. La morfología de la TV fue de BRI (7 pacientes), con eje a la derecha en 5 pacientes e intermedio en 2 pacientes. La TV fue con imagen de BRD con eje a la izquierda en 3 pacientes y con eje derecho en 1 paciente. Dos pacientes tuvieron dos morfologías de TV. El criterio para decidir el sitio de ablación fue el obtener complejos QRS idénticos en 12/12 derivaciones entre la morfología de la TV y la del mapeo por estimulación ventricular. En la TV con imagen de BRD se sumó el criterio de presencia de actividad del sistema de Purjinke. El éxito se obtuvo en 7 de 11 pacientes, 83 por ciento en las derechas y 92 por ciento en las izquierdas. Ninguno de los 7 pacientes presentó recurrencias (seguimiento entre 3 meses y 4 años). En 4 pacientes no fue posible ablacionar la arritmia, en tres de ellos se controló con sotalol. No hubo complicaciones en relación al procedimiento demostrando que la ablación por radiofrecuencia en niños y adolescentes es segura y eficaz
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Ablação por Cateter , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas , EletrofisiologiaRESUMO
Mediante un estudio prospectivo de tipo poblacional se realizó una investigación en 500 pacientes que se presentaron durante el año de 1990 a la emergencia del hospital Dr. Dario Contreras, con la finalidad de determinar la influencia del consumo de alcohol en la provocación de accidentes. Los resultados de esta investigación coinciden en su gran mayoría con los reportados por los autores internacionales. Se determinó en este estudio que el riesgo de accidentes aumenta con el consumo de alcohol, que es el factor de mayor causa de morbi-mortalidad por accidentes en el mundo y en nuestro país hay un incremento del consumo del alcohol, lo que es demostrado por un 46 por ciento de este fenómeno en los pacientes estudiados
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidentes , Alcoolismo , Acidentes de Trânsito , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de las alteraciones bucales que se presentan el los pacientes diabéticos, entre ellas la xerostomía, queilosis, aumento de tamaño de las parótidas, aumento de la incidencia de caríes, mayor prevalencia y severidad de lesiones parodontales. Se analizan los mecanismos por los cuales pudieran aparecer esas alteraciones en relación con la edad, control metabólico, severidad y duración de la diabetes. Se hace énfasis en la repercusión de la diabetes sobre el paradontio en relación con los cambios vasculares, metabolismos anormal del colágeno, alteración de la flora microbiana y el mecanismo de defensa normal. Se concluye que los diabéticos mal controlados tienen mayor frecuencia de caríes dentales así como más severidad de la enfermedad parodontal, y que la diabetes actua como un factor modificante y acelerador de dicha enfermedad.