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Only a few halophilic archaea producing carboxylesterases have been reported. The limited research on biocatalytic characteristics of archaeal esterases is primarily due to their very low production in native organisms. A gene encoding carboxylesterase from Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 was cloned and successfully expressed in Haloferax volcanii. The recombinant carboxylesterase (rHsEst) was purified by affinity chromatography with a yield of 81%, and its molecular weight was estimated by SDS-PAGE (33 kDa). The best kinetic parameters of rHsEst were achieved using p-nitrophenyl valerate as substrate (KM = 78 µM, kcat = 0.67 s-1). rHsEst exhibited great stability to most metal ions tested and some solvents (diethyl ether, n-hexane, n-heptane). Purified rHsEst was effectively immobilized using Celite 545. Esterase activities of rHsEst were confirmed by substrate specificity studies. The presence of a serine residue in rHsEst active site was revealed through inhibition with PMSF. The pH for optimal activity of free rHsEst was 8, while for immobilized rHsEst, maximal activity was at a pH range between 8 to 10. Immobilization of rHsEst increased its thermostability, halophilicity and protection against inhibitors such as EDTA, BME and PMSF. Remarkably, immobilized rHsEst was stable and active in NaCl concentrations as high as 5M. These biochemical characteristics of immobilized rHsEst reveal its potential as a biocatalyst for industrial applications.
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Carboxilesterase , Clonagem Molecular , Halobacterium salinarum , Proteínas Recombinantes , Carboxilesterase/genética , Carboxilesterase/metabolismo , Carboxilesterase/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Especificidade por Substrato , Halobacterium salinarum/enzimologia , Halobacterium salinarum/genética , Enzimas Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Enzimas Imobilizadas/química , Enzimas Imobilizadas/genética , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Estabilidade Enzimática , Proteínas Arqueais/genética , Proteínas Arqueais/química , Proteínas Arqueais/metabolismo , TemperaturaRESUMO
The bacterium strain Cetobacterium sp. C33 was isolated from the intestinal microbial content of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) under anaerobic conditions. Given that Cetobacterium species are recognized as primary constituents of the intestinal microbiota in cultured Nile tilapia by culture-independent techniques, the adaptability of the C33 strain to the host gastrointestinal conditions, its antibacterial activity against aquaculture bacterial and its antibiotic susceptibility were assessed. The genome of C33 was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and subjected to functional inference, particularly regarding pinpointed probiotic activities. Furthermore, phylogenomic comparative analyses were performed including closely reported strains/species relatives. Comparative genomics with closely related species disclosed that the isolate is not phylogenetically identical to other Cetobacterium species, displaying an approximately 5% sequence divergence from C. somerae and a 13% sequence divergence from Cetobacterium ceti. It can be distinguished from other species through physiological and biochemical criteria. Whole-genome annotation highlighted that Cetobacterium sp. nov. C33 possesses a set of genes that may contribute to antagonism against competing bacteria and has specific symbiotic adaptations in fish. Additional in vivo experiments should be carried out to verify favorable features, reinforcing its potential as a probiotic bacterium.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer and has the worst prognosis. In patients with TNBC tumors, the tumor cells have been reported to have mesenchymal features, which help them migrate and invade. Various studies on cancer have revealed the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different biological processes of the cell in that aberrations, in their expression, lead to alterations and deregulations in said processes, giving rise to tumor progression and aggression. In the present work, we determined the miRNAs that are deregulated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in breast cancer. We discovered that 25 miRNAs that regulate mesenchymal genes are overexpressed in patients with TNBC. We found that miRNA targets modulate different processes and pathways, such as apoptosis, FoxO signaling pathways, and Hippo. We also found that the expression level of miR-934 is specific to the molecular subtype of the triple-negative breast cancer and modulates a set of related epithelial-mesenchymal genes. We determined that miR-934 inhibition in TNBC cell lines inhibits the migratory abilities of tumor cells.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA), a disease leading to severe damage in sheep and goats farming due to the lack of serological diagnosis, treatment, and effective prophylaxis. In this context, several strategies in an attempt to discover new antigens to compose diagnosis assays or vaccines are fundamental. Therefore, this study aimed to use bioinformatics software to evaluate the critical chemical characteristics of unknown proteins of C. pseudotuberculosis by selecting them for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. For this purpose, six protein sequences of ascorbate transporter subunit, UPF protein, MMPL family transporter, Ribonuclease, Iron ABC transporter domain-containing permease, and fimbrial subunit were obtained. In silico analyses were performed using amino acid sequences to access immunodominant epitopes and their antigenic and allergenic potential and physicochemical characterization. The expressed proteins were used as an antigen for serological diagnosis by ELISA. All proteins showed distinct immunodominant epitopes and potential antigenic characteristics. The only proteins expressed were PTS and Ribonuclease. In parallel, we expressed CP40 and all were used with ELISA antigen in 49 CLA positive sera and 26 CLA negative sera. The proteins alone showed 100% sensitivity and 96.2%, 92.3%, and 88.5% specificity for rPTS, rRibonuclease, and rCP40, respectively. When proteins were combined, they showed 100% sensitivity and 84.6%, 92.3%, 88.5%, and 92.3% specificity for rPTS/rCp40, rRibonuclease/rCP40, rPTS/rRibonuclease, and rPTS/rRibonuclease/rCP40, respectively. The results of this study show an excellent correlation of sensitivity and specificity with all proteins. None of the specificity values preclude the potential of rPTS, rRibonuclease, or rCP40 for use in ELISA diagnostic assays since the results of this work are superior to those of other studies on CLA diagnosis described in the literature.
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Halophilic bacterias from saline soil from former Lake Texcoco were isolated, identified based on 16 rRNA and tested to produce glucolytic, nucleolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic exoenzymes. The Bacillus, Virgibacillus, Kocuria, Salinicoccus, Gracilibacillus, Halobacillus, Tenuibacillus and Nesterekonia genera where identified. Lipase/eserases and proteases from Nesterenkonia sp. and Nesterenkonia aethiopica showed halotolerant characteristics and were selected to synthesize the oleochemical n-butyl oleate and antioxidant peptides from muscle protein of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), respectively. In organic media (2,2,4-Trimethylpentane), the lipase/esterases from Nesterenkonia sp. (0.6 U/mL) and N. aethiopica (1.2 U/mL) achieved a 62.7% and 53.2% of n-butyl oleate conversion, respectively. The protein hydrolysis from muscle of common carp (C. carpio) showed a degree of hydrolysis of 4.5 ± 0.2% and 2.8 ± 0.1% when proteases from Nesterenkonia sp. and N. aethiopica were used, respectively. Three peptidic fractions ranging molecular masses between 254 and 1002 Da [M + H] show antioxidant scavenging activity, and the principal fraction with a peptide of 547.3 Da [M + H] showed an inhibition of 37.7 ± 1.8% and 16.3 ± 0.6%, when 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were used, respectively. These findings showed that the enzymatic battery of the halophilic bacteria from former lake Texcoco can be used in hydrolysis and synthesis of molecules with applications in different fields as food technology or bioenergy.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Ácidos Oleicos/metabolismo , Tolerância ao Sal , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Carpas/metabolismo , Esterases/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Lagos , Lipase/metabolismo , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Pigments are present in a broad variety of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. The cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus sp. 2) is an important fishery resource in the northwest of Mexico and is processed to be traded and consumed as seafood. During the process, water with a soluble blue pigment and other compounds are discarded to the environment. In this work, we present some properties of the blue pigment from Stomolophus sp.2 (S2bp), to decide if it could be considered as a potential value-added waste and avoid the blue proteinaceous pigment wastewater. S2bp was purified to homogeneity and had a molecular mass of 28.0 kDa; this protein exhibited a Êmax at 650 nm, contained Zn2+ and Cu2+ metal ions, and was stable from 10 to 50 °C and in a pH range of 3.0 to 13.0 for 1 h. It had halotolerant characteristics maintaining the blue coloration in a broad range of ionic strength (0-4 M NaCl) and showed changes in Êmax with chaotropic salts. In addition, S2bp was stable in the presence of organic acids and EDTA and in zwitterionic, anionic, and nonionic detergents at critical micellar concentration. However, oxidant reagents like NaClO and H2O2 decrease the coloration. These results show that the jellyfish pigment is a stable protein which makes it an alternative pigment for the food industry.
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Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Cifozoários , Animais , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , México , PigmentaçãoRESUMO
Cultivable halophilic microorganisms were isolated and identified from saline and alkaline-sodic soils: Cuatro Cienegas, Sayula and San Marcos lakes. Physicochemical characteristics of soils were determined to understand the relationship between those and the microorganisms isolated. The Cuatro Cienegas soils had a neutral pH, EC of 2.3-8 dS cm-1, classified as moderately saline. Whereas, the soils from Sayula and San Marcos lakes, had an alkaline pH, EC 15 to 65 dS m-1, typical of saline-sodic. We identified 23 cultivable halophilic bacteria using 16s rDNA, being Halobacillus sp., Marinococcus sp., and Alkalibacillus sp. the predominant genus by culture dependent approach. We found a correlation between the soils anion and cation content with the occurrence of different genus of halophilic bacteria in each studied site. Alkalibacillus sp. was predominant in Sayula and San Marcos lakes and was related to the high Na+ content; while Bacillus sp. and Halobacillus sp. were predominant in Cuatro Cienegas, their occurrence was related to a high content of Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4 2-.
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Abstract Introduction: Decreased blood flow disrupts the endothelium, changes the nitric oxide/endothelin -1 ratio, narrows the capillaries and results in microcirculatory dysfunction. Secondary anoxia leads to mitochondrial energy imbalance, depletion of adenosine-triphosphate and disruption of the intracellular hydrogen, sodium and calcium homeostasis. If the flow is restored, the reperfusion stimulates the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules attracting polymorphic nucleotides and platelets, with sub endothelial infiltration of these cells and their entrapment in the microvasculature, as well as vasoconstriction, endothelial edema and reduced flexibility of the cellular membrane. Ischemia/reperfusion may result in inflammation and organ failure. Objective: To determine whether hypertonic saline solution reduces the ischemic/reperfusion injury in the liver, the kidney, and the ileum. Materials and methods: Experimental trial in pigs. Aortic blood flow suppression (15 min) and reperfusion (60 min). The experimental group was pretreated with 7.5% hypertonic saline and the control group received normal 0.9% saline solution. Hemodynamic, gasometric, and biochemical measurements were taken, and the serum and tissue levels of ET-1, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-2 were determined. Results: There were no significant differences in the tissue expression of ET-1, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-2 between the two groups. The hemodynamic behavior was similar in both groups. The group treated with hypertonic solution showed an increasing post-perfusion systolic rate up to the basal values, while the systolic rate in the control group dropped significantly (p = 0.015). Conclusion: Hypertonic solution prior to the ischemic insult improves the ventricular function after reperfusion.
Resumen Introducción: La disminución del flujo sanguíneo altera el endotelio, cambia la relación óxido nítrico/endotelina-1, estrecha capilares y produce disfunción microcirculatoria. La anoxia secundaria lleva a desacople energético mitocondrial, depleción de adenosín-trifosfato y alteración de la homeostasis intracelular de hidrógeno, sodio y calcio. Si el flujo se reanuda, la reperfusión estimula la expresión endotelial de moléculas de adhesión que atraen polimorfonucleares y plaquetas, con infiltración subendotelial de estas células y su atrapamiento en la microvasculatura, así como vasoconstricción, edema endotelial y disminución de la flexibilidad de la membrana celular. La isquemia/reperfusión puede derivar en inflamación y fallo orgánico. Objetivo: Determinar si la solución salina hipertónica disminuye la lesión isquemia/reperfusión en hígado, riñón e íleon. Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental en cerdos. Supresión del flujo sanguíneo aórtico (15 min) y reperfusión (60 min). El grupo experimental recibió pretratamiento con solución salina hipertónica al 7,5% y el grupo control solución salina normal al 0,9%. Se realizaron mediciones hemodinámicas, gasométricas, bioquímicas y determinación sérica y tisular de ET-1, TNF-alfa, IL-10, IL-2. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas en la expresión tisular de ET-1, TNF-alfa, IL-10, IL-2 entre los grupos. Los grupos presentaron un comportamiento hemodinámico similar. El grupo tratado con hipertónica exhibió un índice sistólico post-reperfusión que aumentó hasta los valores basales, mientras que el índice sistólico del grupo control presentó una caída significativa (p = 0,015). Conclusión: La solución hipertónica antes del insulto isquémico mejora la función ventricular después de la reperfusión.
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes diagnosticados de retinopatía diabética en cuanto a severidad y presencia de factores de riesgo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal con 135 pacientes diagnosticados de retinopatía diabética en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto". Resultados: hubo predominio de retinopatía diabética no proliferativa; mayor número de pacientes clasificados como diabéticos tipo 2; la forma de tratamiento más utilizada fue la insulinoterapia; el 33,3 % con más de 21 años de diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus y un control glicémico deficiente en el 54,1 %; excreción urinaria de albúmina menor de 20mg/L (normal). En el grupo con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa leve y moderada, el mayor número de pacientes se encontraba con un tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad entre 6 y 10 años, con tratamiento con hipoglicemiantes orales, control glicémico bueno y excreción urinaria de albúmina menor de 20 mg/L. En el grupo con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa severa y retinopatía diabética proliferativa predominaron: tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad mayor de 21 años, tratamiento con insulina, control glicémico deficiente y excreción urinaria de albúmina mayor de 100 mg/L. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacientes se caracterizaron por presentar retinopatía diabética no proliferativa leve, diabéticos tipo 2, que reciben insulinoterapia, con evolución de la diabetes mayor de 21 años, control glicémico deficiente y excreción urinaria de albúmina normal.
Objective: to characterize patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in relation to severity and presence of risk factors. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 135 patients who had been diagnosed as having diabetic retinopathy in the Ophthalmology Department of Dr. Luis Díaz Soto Central Military Hospital. Results: there was a predominance of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; more patients were classified as Type 2 diabetics; the most used form of treatment was insulin therapy; the 33,3 % with more than 31 years of diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and a deficient glycemic control in a 54,1 %; urinary albumin excretion less than 20mg/L (normal). In the group with mild and moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the largest number of patients presented with a period of evolution of the disease between 6 and 10 years, with oral hypoglycaemic therapy, good glycemic control and urinary albumin excretion of less than 20 mg/L. In the group with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy predominated: time of diagnosis of the disease of more than 21 years, insulin treatment, deficient glycemic control and urinary albumin excretion greater than 100 mg/L. Conclusions: most patients were characterized by presenting mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, being Type 2 diabetics, receiving insulin therapy, with evolution of diabetes for more than 21 years, and having deficient glycemic control and normal urinary albumin excretion.
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High-throughput screening (HTS) methods for lipases and esterases are generally performed by using synthetic chromogenic substrates (e.g., p-nitrophenyl, resorufin, and umbelliferyl esters) which may be misleading since they are not their natural substrates (e.g., partially or insoluble triglycerides). In previous works, we have shown that soluble nonchromogenic substrates and p-nitrophenol (as a pH indicator) can be used to quantify the hydrolysis and estimate the substrate selectivity of lipases and esterases from several sources. However, in order to implement a spectrophotometric HTS method using partially or insoluble triglycerides, it is necessary to find particular conditions which allow a quantitative detection of the enzymatic activity. In this work, we used Triton X-100, CHAPS, and N-lauroyl sarcosine as emulsifiers, ß-cyclodextrin as a fatty acid captor, and two substrate concentrations, 1 mM of tributyrin (TC4) and 5 mM of trioctanoin (TC8), to improve the test conditions. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we screened 12 enzymes (commercial preparations and culture broth extracts) for the hydrolysis of TC4 and TC8, which are both classical substrates for lipases and esterases (for esterases, only TC4 may be hydrolyzed). Subsequent pH-stat experiments were performed to confirm the preference of substrate hydrolysis with the hydrolases tested. We have shown that this method is very useful for screening a high number of lipases (hydrolysis of TC4 and TC8) or esterases (only hydrolysis of TC4) from wild isolates or variants generated by directed evolution using nonchromogenic triglycerides directly in the test.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Esterases/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Lipase/química , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Caprilatos/química , Ácidos Cólicos/química , Esterases/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hidrólise , Cinética , Lipase/metabolismo , Octoxinol/química , Sarcosina/análogos & derivados , Sarcosina/química , Especificidade por Substrato , Triglicerídeos/química , beta-Ciclodextrinas/químicaRESUMO
Se realizó una revisión de las principales tendencias en el manejo de los traumatismos oculares a globo abierto según la clasificación internacional de Birmingham. Se mencionan los elementos que pueden influir en el pronóstico visual. Se enfatiza en los criterios diagnósticos, cuadro clínico y terapéutica clínico-quirúrgica a instaurar por el médico en el servicio de urgencias. Se presenta un algoritmo al efecto.
The main tendencies in the management of the ocular open-globe injuries, according to Birmingham’s international classification, were reviewed. Those aspects that might have an effect on the visual outcomes were stated. Emphasis was made on the diagnostic criteria, the clinical picture and the surgical and therapeutic treatments that a physician may resort to in the emergency room; for this purpose, an algorithm to manage this visual problem was submitted.
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Se consultó la bibliografía actualizada para ofrecer una orientación práctica sobre el manejo de las afecciones vítreorretinales más frecuentes provocadas por los traumas oculares contusos. Estos se encuentran presentes en 31 % de los casos y presentan como complicación seria más frecuente el desprendimiento de retina en 44 %. Se explicó la importancia de la creación de un registro nacional de trauma como herramienta inicial para la prevención de esta enfermedad. Finalmente se expuso algunas consideraciones y un flujograma orientador para el manejo de esta urgencia.
Current papers were reviewed to provide practical managing guidelines in most frequent vitreous and retinal disorders infringed by blunt ocular trauma. They are present in 31 % of traumas, with retinal detachment in 44 % of cases as the most frequent serious complication. The importance of the creation of a national eye injury registry as an initial tool to prevent this disease was explained. Finally, some considerations and a guiding flowchart for the management of this visual problem were included.
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El trauma causado por cuerpo extraño intraocular es una de las principales causas de pérdida visual severa. Técnicamente es un trauma penetrante con permanencia del agente agresor dentro del globo ocular. Constituye una verdadera emergencia oftalmológica, pues puede ocasionar ceguera aún cuando se realiza un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Se realizó esta revisión para proponer un algoritmo de trabajo con el propósito de maximizar la recuperación anatómica y funcional después de una lesión de este tipo. La conducta a seguir ante este paciente requiere un tratamiento guiado por la apreciación del mecanismo del daño, naturaleza, localización y tamaño del cuerpo extraño; los conocimientos y la disposición del equipamiento necesario para el tratamiento quirúrgico y los cuidados posoperatorios. Existe controversia en cuanto al momento de extracción del cuerpo extraño; sin embargo, se debe realizar una conducta. La profilaxis de la endoftalmitis con antibióticos sistémicos es recomendada y la intravítrea de antibiótico debe ser considerada en los pacientes de alto riesgo. Se debe realizar el diagnóstico precoz o detección posoperatoria temprana de complicaciones como el desprendimiento de retina, endoftalmitis y la proliferación vítreorretiniana, que se han asociado con un pobre pronóstico visual.
Intraocular foreign bodies are a major cause for severe visual loss. By technical definition, it consists of a form of penetrating ocular trauma, characterized by the persistence of the traumatic agent inside the eye, and is considered an ophthalmic emergency, since it may cause blindness even if good diagnosis and treatment are followed. This review was made to submit a management algorithm that can maximize the anatomical and functional outcomes after this type of injury. The management of these patients requires taking into account the mechanism of eye injury, the nature, the location and the size of the foreign body; the knowledge of the physicians and the available necessary equipment for surgery, and the postoperative care conditions. There are controversies regarding the intraocular foreign bodies extraction timing, nevertheless, management should be personalized based on the particular conditions of a case. In the event of endophthalmitis, the prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics is recommended in addition of the use of intravitreal antibiotics for high risk patients. One should early diagnose or promptly detect complications such as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis and vitreous and retinal proliferation that have been linked to poor visual prognosis.
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La endoftalmitis es una complicación relativamente poco frecuente pero devastadora en las lesiones a globo abierto. Constituye aproximadamente entre 10 y 30 % de todas las endoftalmitis infecciosas, y es más frecuente en los hombres (85 %). Se ha reportado la presencia de endoftalmitis traumática de 5 a 14 %, y aumenta su incidencia con la presencia de cuerpo extraño intraocular, puede llegar hasta 30 %. El diagnóstico y conducta a seguir ante un paciente con endoftalmitis traumática constituye un desafío, dado por características distintivas y agravantes que la diferencian de las que ocurren en otras escenas y que condicionan el mal pronóstico visual, por lo que se impone realizar una intervención terapéutica inmediata e individualizada. Se realizó una actualización del tema y se propone un protocolo de trabajo ante los pacientes con endoftalmitis traumática. En general existe una información muy limitada con respecto a esta entidad y se necesitan estudios multicéntricos extensos para llegar a conclusiones. Sin embargo, la reparación inmediata y el uso de antibióticos por vía tópica, intravítrea y sistémica, así como la vitrectomía precoz de forma individualizada, son estrategias de conducta convenientes y determinantes para la supervivencia y calidad visual de los pacientes.
Endophthalmitis is a relatively uncommon but devastating complication of open globe injuries. It accounts for about 10 to 30 % of all infectious endophthalimitis, and is found more frequently in males (85 %) In the trauma setting, it amounts to 5 to 14 % of cases, but its incidence is higher when an intraocular foreign body is present (up to 30 %). The diagnosis and the management of traumatic endophthalmitis are challenging, due to its distinctive and aggravating characteristics that are related to a poor visual prognosis; therefore, an immediate customized therapeutic intervention is required. This topic was updated by presenting a protocol to treat these patients. Currently there is very limited information available about it, so extensive multicenter studies are needed to clarify some aspects of management. Nevertheless, the immediate emergency repairs as well as the use of topical, intravitreal and systemic antibiotics in addition to the early performance of the vitrectomy adapted to individual characteristics are suitable management strategies that determine the survival and the visual quality of the patients.
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Se reporta el caso de una paciente del sexo femenino de 56 años de edad a la que se le realizó laparotomía con anestesia general orotraqueal con tiopental, succinilcolina, halotane, óxido nitroso y oxígeno sin que se observaran complicaciones inmediatas. A las 48 horas presentó el cuadro clínico correspondiente a un glaucoma agudo y, que por no ceder al tratamiento medicamentoso, se le realizó iridectomía periférica con anestesia local. En el análisis de los antecedentes patológicos familiares relacionados con la intervención quirúrgica para apendicectomía y de los medicamentos utilizados, se llegó a la conclusión de que la existencia de historia familiar de glaucoma en esta paciente, unida a la maniobra de laringoscopia, al uso de succinilcolina y la atropina fueron factores que de forma individual o asociados contribuyeron al ataque de glaucoma agudo
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anestesia Geral , Apendicectomia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Fechado/complicações , Laringoscopia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Trypanosoma cruzi, causador da tripanossomíase americana, é um microrganismo exposto a uma variedade de espécies reativas de oxigênio, geradas como conseqüência do metabolismo de drogas tripanocidas, ou pelo hospedeiro como resposta fisiológica à invasão, além daqueles produzidos internamente em conseqüência dos processos oxidativos do parasita. Em qualquer circunstância, as células precisam proteger-se contra os produtos da redução parcial do oxigênio. Os tripanossomatídeos são aparentemente deficientes na defesa antioxidante. Embora possuindo uma superóxido dismutase, carecem de glutationa peroxidase e catalase, que são necessárias para a remoção do peróxido de hidrogênio. Além disso, glutationa, o maior composto sulfidrílico antioxidante em células de mamíferos, está presente em baixas concentrações nos tripanossomatídeos...