RESUMO
The effects of kafirins on protein and amino acid ileal digestibility have not been evaluated in vivo in pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of protein profile on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids. We used a sorghum hybrid with low tannin content (<0.5%). The same hybrid was harvested from 2 different plots with different kafirin profile. Sorghum with greater content of total kafirins had less content of γ- and α1-kafirins and higher content of ß- and α2-kafirins than that with lower content of total kafirins. Two sorghum-soybean meal (SBM) diets were formulated: 1) low kafirin (LK) content (32.2 g/kg) and 2) high kafirin (HK) content (48.1 g/kg). A control diet (maize-SBM) and a reference SBM-diet were also prepared. The reference diet was fed to all pigs following the experimental period and was used to estimate the AID of cereals by the difference method. "T" cannulas were fixed in the distal ileum of 18 barrows (6 by treatment), divided into 2 groups of 9 pigs. The pigs were fed 2.5 times their maintenance requirement of digestible energy (110 kcal/kg BW0.75). The AID of dry matter, protein, amino acids, and energy of the experimental diets was measured; the AID of cereals (maize, LK sorghum and HK sorghum) was estimated by the difference method. The maize-SBM diet was more digestible than the sorghum-SBM diets, only with respect to valine (P < 0.05). The AID of valine in the maize-SBM diet was higher than that in sorghum-SBM diets. The changes in kafirin profile between the diets only affected the AID of threonine (P < 0.01), which decreased by 9.5 percentage units in LK diet compared with HK diet. Regarding the AID of cereals, maize exhibited greater AID than sorghum, with respect to valine (P < 0.01) and serine (P < 0.10). A comparison of sorghum with LK and HK content showed that the AID of threonine and serine increased by 50.5 (P < 0.001) and 19.2 percentage units (P < 0.05) in the latter, respectively. The higher content of γ-kafirins in LK sorghum negatively affected threonine and serine digestibility, implying that the AID of amino acids is affected more by the profile than the content of kafirins.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to describe the features in the presentation and management of acute abdomen (AA) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We reviewed the medical records of 97 HIV patients who presented with AA and were seen in 2006-2011 at Cayetano Heredia National Hospital in Lima, Peru. 1.6% of immunosuppressed patients underwent surgery. Appendectomy was the most common surgical procedure (33.3%). Morbidity was 28.1% and postoperative mortality was 9.4%. Infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common cause of acute abdominal pain, at 26.8%. Data suggest that an early surgical decision for cases of AA in HIV patients may prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Abdome Agudo/diagnóstico , Abdome Agudo/terapia , Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características en la presentación y el manejo del abdomen agudo (AA) en pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 97 pacientes portadores del VIH que cursaron con un cuadro de AA y que fueron atendidos en el período 2006-2011 en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima, Perú. Se encontró que el 1,6% de los pacientes inmunosuprimidos ingresó a sala de operaciones. La apendicectomía fue el procedimiento quirúrgico más frecuentemente (33,3%). La morbilidad fue de 28,1%, y la mortalidad posoperatoria de 9,4%. La infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis fue la causa más común de dolor abdominal agudo con el 26,8%. Los datos sugieren que una pronta decisión quirúrgica frente a un cuadro compatible con AA en pacientes con VIH podría evitar una importante morbimortalidad...
The aim of this study was to describe the features in the presentation and management of acute abdomen (AA) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We reviewed the medical records of 97 HIV patients who presented with AA and were seen in 2006-2011 at Cayetano Heredia National Hospital in Lima, Peru. 1.6% of immunosuppressed patients underwent surgery. Appendectomy was the most common surgical procedure (33.3%). Morbidity was 28.1% and postoperative mortality was 9.4%. Infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common cause of acute abdominal pain, at 26.8%. Data suggest that an early surgical decision for cases of AA in HIV patients may prevent significant morbidity and mortality...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , HIV , Abdome Agudo , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , PeruRESUMO
Trypsin inhibitors (TI), tannins, and lectins appear to have a role in preventing chronic diseases in humans. The genetic variability of these traits in common bean needs to be ascertained in order to increase levels through breeding. The variability of TI, tannin, and lectins was determined in five bean cultivars grown at five locations in Mexico. TI and tannins contents in colored beans that belong to the Jalisco race were higher (11.1-11.9 trypsin units inhibited (TUI)/mg and 29.0-38.1 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g, respectively) than cultivars of the Durango race (7.9-8.3 TUI/mg and 16.8-19.9 CE/mg, respectively). Bayo Victoria, a Durango race cultivar, had three times more lectins than levels reported for soybean. Cultivar influenced TI and tannins contents (p < 0.001), whereas site affected lectins (p < 0.001). An increase in levels of TI and tannins could be enhanced through breeding.
Assuntos
Lectinas/análise , Phaseolus/química , Fito-Hemaglutininas/análise , Taninos/análise , Inibidores da Tripsina/análise , México , Phaseolus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Con el propósito de conocer el estado nutricional de población mapuche, se evaluaron 2 276 menores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, mediante antropometría. Se utilizaron los criterios P/T y T/E y se estratificaron en 3 áreas geográficas (Costa, Valle, Cordillera de los Andes). Los resultados muestran un reducido porcentaje de desnutrición según índice P/T (4,1%), especialmente en los menores de 6 años. También se encontró una alta concentración de individuos con sobrepeso y obesidad (40,5%) en las 3 áreas, que tienden a aumentar notoriamente con la edad, principalmente en el sexo femenino, alcanzando a un 83,3% en las adolescentes del área cordillerana. Según el índice T/E, se detectó un alto porcentaje de déficit estatural (77,7%) en ambos sexos; el cual también tiende a aumentar directamente con la edad. En la Cordillera se encontraron las mayores cifras de talla baja