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Plant microbiomes are known to serve several important functions for their host, and it is therefore important to understand their composition as well as the factors that may influence these microbial communities. The microbiome of Thalassia testudinum has only recently been explored, and studies to-date have primarily focused on characterizing the microbiome of plants in a single region. Here, we present the first characterization of the composition of the microbial communities of T. testudinum across a wide geographical range spanning three distinct regions with varying physicochemical conditions. We collected samples of leaves, roots, sediment, and water from six sites throughout the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. We then analyzed these samples using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that site and region can influence the microbial communities of T. testudinum, while maintaining a plant-associated core microbiome. A comprehensive comparison of available microbial community data from T. testudinum studies determined a core microbiome composed of 14 ASVs that consisted mostly of the family Rhodobacteraceae. The most abundant genera in the microbial communities included organisms with possible plant-beneficial functions, like plant-growth promoting taxa, disease suppressing taxa, and nitrogen fixers.

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Sicarius rugosus (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) is recorded for the first time in Honduras, with the record of three males and eight immatures collected in the town of Pespire, department of Choluteca, in the south of the country. We also recorded the species from the study of an exuvia collected in the department of Comayagua. A revised diagnosis, photographs of the males, distribution map, as well as information on the natural history of this species in Honduras, are provided.

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Challenging the basis of our chemical intuition, recent experimental evidence reveals the presence of a new type of intrinsic fluorescence in biomolecules that exists even in the absence of aromatic or electronically conjugated chemical compounds. The origin of this phenomenon has remained elusive so far. In the present study, we identify a mechanism underlying this new type of fluorescence in different biological aggregates. By employing non-adiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with a data-driven approach, we characterize the typical ultrafast non-radiative relaxation pathways active in non-fluorescent peptides. We show that the key vibrational mode for the non-radiative decay towards the ground state is the carbonyl elongation. Non-aromatic fluorescence appears to emerge from blocking this mode with strong local interactions such as hydrogen bonds. While we cannot rule out the existence of alternative non-aromatic fluorescence mechanisms in other systems, we demonstrate that this carbonyl-lock mechanism for trapping the excited state leads to the fluorescence yield increase observed experimentally, and set the stage for design principles to realize novel non-invasive biocompatible probes with applications in bioimaging, sensing, and biophotonics.

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The structure of the excess proton in liquid water has been the subject of lively debate on both experimental and theoretical fronts for the last century. Fluctuations of the proton are typically interpreted in terms of limiting states referred to as the Eigen and Zundel species. Here, we put these ideas under the microscope, taking advantage of recent advances in unsupervised learning that use local atomic descriptors to characterize environments of acidic water combined with advanced clustering techniques. Our agnostic approach leads to the observation of only one charged cluster and two neutral ones. We demonstrate that the charged cluster involving the excess proton is best seen as an ionic topological defect in water's hydrogen bond network, forming a single local minimum on the global free-energy landscape. This charged defect is a highly fluxional moiety, where the idealized Eigen and Zundel species are neither limiting configurations nor distinct thermodynamic states. Instead, the ionic defect enhances the presence of neutral water defects through strong interactions with the network. We dub the combination of the charged and neutral defect clusters as ZundEig, demonstrating that the fluctuations between these local environments provide a general framework for rationalizing more descriptive notions of the proton in the existing literature.

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A new species, Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov., is described based on both sexes from Department Francisco Morazán, Honduras. A detailed description, diagnosis, photographs, and distribution map of the new species are given. This is the first species of this genus recorded from Honduras.

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This research work aims to identify the prevalent anchors in the professional accounting career using the Schein scale and to describe the prevalent anchors by defining the values, attitudes, aptitudes, skills, and interests. Career anchors are defined by the competence, motivation, and values a person has to perform a particular job in an organization and are present throughout their working life. When determining the soft and hard competencies of the professional profile, universities must consider the career anchors essential for graduates' work performance. To determine which anchors dominate the competencies of the graduate profile, two universities in Latin America with a degree in accounting were selected. The study was organized in two stages: first, the operationalization of the research was conducted, including the description of the instrument through the application of 40 questions divided into Schein's eight anchors. Samples were selected based on the convenience of the authors: one university in Peru and another in Colombia. The sample includes all students enrolled in the accounting major, and the data were coded and processed. In the second stage, data analysis was performed by grouping parameters, analysis of variance, explanatory analysis using a test for the best clustering algorithm, statistical testing, and discussion of the findings. The predominant anchors in the two universities are creativity, entrepreneurship, and lifestyle. The selected universities placed considerable emphasis on training future accountants with an innovative spirit, integrity, and social commitment without neglecting the professional requirements. This approach allows students to undertake challenges and new businesses in their field of work.

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A new species, Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov., is described based on both sexes from Department Francisco Morazán, Honduras. A detailed description, diagnosis, photographs, and distribution map of the new species are given. This is the first species of this genus recorded from Honduras.

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Computational peptide design is useful for therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccine development. To select the most promising peptide candidates, the key is describing accurately the peptide-target interactions at the molecular level. We here review a computational peptide design protocol whose key feature is the use of all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics for describing the different peptide-target complexes explored during the optimization. We describe the milestones behind the development of this protocol, which is now implemented in an open-source code called PARCE. We provide a basic tutorial to run the code for an antibody fragment design example. Finally, we describe three additional applications of the method to design peptides for different targets, illustrating the broad scope of the proposed approach.

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Introducción : Existe un creciente interés científico en el potencial terapéutico de las células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo ( ADSCs, en inglés). Estas células son abundantes en el tejido adiposo, son de fácil obtención y con un alto potencial de diferenciación hacia linajes celulares especializados incluyendo adipocitos, osteocitos, condrocitos, miocitos, cardiomiocitos, tenocitos, vasos sanguíneos y neuronas. Este trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de implementar en el laboratorio un procedimiento para aislar y cultivar ADSCs, con características que corresponden a las informadas para este linaje celular. Método: los precursores de células adiposas humanas se obtuvieron de tejido subcutáneo abdominal. Las células se separaron enzimáticamente del tejido y se decantaron por centrifugación, luego de cultivadas, se caracterizaron en su capacidad de diferenciación y por su marcadores fenotípicos. Resultados: Las ADSCs aisladas se replicaron en estas condiciones de cultivo y mantuvieron un fenotipo estable durante todo el período de estudio. Se comprobó su potencial adipogénico y osteogénico in vitro, como corresponde a las células madre mesenquimales. El estudio por citometría de flujo mostró que estas células expresan CD73, CD90 y CD105 y son negativas para los marcadores de linaje hematopoyético CD34 y CD45.En los ensayos de inhibición in vitro, las ADSCs demostraron su capacidad para inhibir la proliferación de células T humanas. Conclusiones : La caracterización fenotípica y funcional de las ADSCs obtenidas a partir del tejido adiposo abdominal demuestra que es posible la obtención mediante cultivo in vitro de células mesenquimales humanas sin inducir diferenciación espontánea, manteniendo su integridad funcional y altos niveles de proliferación, lo que sienta las bases para el inicio de ensayos preclínicos y su uso futuro en la terapia celular en nuestro país(AU)

Introduction : There is growing scientific interest in the therapeutic potential of stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs). These cells are abundant in adipose tissue, are readily available and have a high potential fordifferentiation into specialized cell lineages including adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, cardiomyocytes, tenocyte, endothelial cells and neurons. The aim of this work was to isolate, cultivate andcharacterize ADSCs. Methods : human adipose precursor cells were obtained from abdominal subcutaneous tissue. Cells were enzymatically separated from the tissue and decanted by centrifugation, cultured and finally analyzed. Results : The ADSCs were able to replicate in our culture conditions. The cells maintained their phenotype in different passages throughout the study period, confirming its feasibility for in vitro culture. Also the ADSCs were induced to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, verifying its potential as mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. The flow cytometric study showed that these cells expressed CD73, CD90 and CD105 (markers of mesenchymal cells) and they were negative for CD34 and CD45 (hematopoieticcell markers). The ADSCs were able to inhibit in vitro the proliferation of T cells. Conclusions : It is possible to obtain ADSCs by in vitro cultivation without adipogenic induction, maintaining its functional integrity and high proliferation; this cell could be an important tool for the cellular therapy in our country(AU)

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Los delitos contra la libertad e indemnidad sexual son hechos producidos a diario en nuestro país y son expresión de una sociedad decadente en valores; son, a la vez, fenómenos de alarma social, debido a que los medios de comunicación los enfocan como un elemento de la problemática social. La violencia sexual es un problema de salud pública en nuestro país y muchos otros. Existen múltiples definiciones para los términos: violencia, violación, abuso o delito contra la libertad sexual, todos referidos a este acto, en el que básicamente se afecta la voluntad y libertad sexual de la víctima. Finalmente, al constituirse estos actos en delitos, también deben tener sanciones propias del mismo, todas dependientes de procesos jurídico-penales...

Crimes against sexual freedom and indemnity are events occurring daily in our country and that are a reality, are both phenomena of social alarm, because the media's focus as an element of social problems. Sexual violence is a public health problem in our country and many others. There are multiple definitions of the terms: violence, rape, abuse or crime against sexual freedom, all referred to this act, which basically will and sexual freedom of the victim is affected. Finally when these acts constitute offenses, they should also have own sanctions thereof, all dependent criminal legal process...

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Las estrategias de terapia celular se han utilizado con fines tan diversos como la regeneración de tejidos, la potenciación de la respuesta inmune antígeno específicas para la terapia antitumoral, la liberación de drogas en tejidos dañados y la restauración de la homeostasis en sitios con procesos inflamatorios crónicos. Dentro de las poblaciones celulares con mayor potencial para este tipo de alternativa terapéutica se incluyen las células madre mesenquimales (CMM), un grupo heterogéneo de células estromales multipotentes que se caracterizan por su baja inmunogenicidad y que ha demostrado una elevada versatilidad respecto a sus efectos inmunomoduladores. El presente trabajo recoge evidencias que se han acumulado en la última década que permiten valorar el potencial de las CMM para la terapia celular(AU)

Cellular therapy is a versatile therapeutic approach that has been assessed on tissue regeneration, on the enhancement of tumor specific immune response, on the delivery of drugs to damage tissues and on the restoring of tissue homeostasis at chronic inflamed sites. Among the cell populations used for cellular therapy, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) appear as a heterogeneous group of cells with the highest potentiality based on its low immunogenicity and its ability to exert a plethora of immunomodulatory effects. This paper reviews the experimental evidences accumulated during the last decade in order to estimate the relevance of MSC for therapies based on cellular transference(AU)

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Determinar las lesiones por violencia familiar y sus características. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo de enero a diciembre del 2013. Resultados: En el año 2013, se realizaron 1754 RML, de las cuales 423 correspondieron a lesiones por violencia familiar; el 30,97% (131/423) correspondió a peritadas entre 36 a 49 años. Los hallazgos encontrados fueron: 93,14%(394/423) fueron adultos. Respecto al agente causante. El 39,48%(167/423) es producido por uña humana, en agredidos varones, y en mujeres, el 21,04%(89/423) el agente contuso (puñete, patada, etc. fue el agente causante, los casados y convivientes tienen mayor frecuencia de lesiones por violencia familiar, el 45,63% (193/423) de las mujeres peritadas era casada, y en el sexo masculino el 23,40% (99/423) eran casados; respecto a la región anatómica lesionada, el 8,75%(37/423) de varones presentó lesiones en cabeza y cuello, entre otros hallazgos. Conclusión: Las lesiones por violencia familiar son frecuentes en el sexo masculino como en el sexo femenino, las mujeres presentan lesiones por agente contuso debido a la fuerza que la caracterizaba a los agresores que vendrían a ser varones en la mayoría de casos. Los varones presentan lesiones por uña humana...

To determine the injuries from domestic violence and their characteristics. Material and Methods: A prospective descriptive study from January to December 2013. Results: In 2013, 1754 FE were performed, of which 423 were for injuries from domestic violence; 30.97% (131/423) corresponded to patients between 36-49 years. The findings were: 93.14% (394/423) were adults. Regarding the causative agent, 39.48% (167/423) were produced by human nail in assaulted men and women, 21.04% (89/423) blunt agent (hitting, kicking, etc) was the causative agent, the married and cohabiting couples have increased frequency of domestic violence, 45.63% (193/423) of women patients were married, and in males 23.40% (99/423) were married; concerning the injured anatomical region, 8.75% (37/423) of men had lesions in the head and neck and in females 8.98% (38/423). Conclusion: domesticviolence injuries are common in males as in females, women have injuries by blunt agents due to the force of male offenders in most cases. Men have human nail injuries...

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Determinar las caracteristícas de las lesiones himeneales y lesiones genitales, paragenitales y extragenitales. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo de enero a diciembre del 2013. Resultados: Se realizaron 47 RML Ginecólogicos por delitos contra la libertad sexual. El 38,29% (18/47) correspondio a peritadas entre 15 a 17 años. Los hallazgos fueron: himen Integro (18,92%), himen complaciente (8,11%), defloración reciente (8,11%) y defloración antigua (72,97%), entre otros hallazgos. Conclusión: Las desfloraciones antiguas pueden tener lesiones himeneales nuevas, ello debido al diámetro del orificio himenal, existiendo mayor frecuencia cuando el orificio himenal es pequeño y mediano; a diferencia de cuando el orificio himeneal es grande o muy elástico (himen complaciente) que crea dificultades en el reconocimiento de lesiones...

To determine hymenal injuries and genital, paragenital and extragenital lesions. Material and Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted January to December 2013. Results: 47 MLR were performed gynecological for crimes against sexual freedom; 38.29 % (18/47) corresponded to women between 15-17 years. The findings were: Integro hymen (18.92 %), willing hymen (8.11 %), Recent deflowering (8.11 %) and old deflowering (72.97 %), among others findings. Conclusion: Older Defloration hymens may have new lesions, this due to the diameter of the hymenal orifice, there most often when the hymenal orifice is small to medium; unlike when the hymen hole is large or very elastic we face a complacent hymen which creates difficulties in recognizing injuries...

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Dentro de la diversidad socio – económico – cultural que caracteriza a la provincia del Guayas, existe una serie de deficiencias que son en parte responsables de que la calidad de salud de los habitantes, se encuentre comprometida. Teniendo como objetivo establecer que factores son los que están provocando esta deficiencia en la calidad de salud, se procede a realizar un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal mediante el uso de una encuesta de salud destinada a determinar el nivel de educación de la población, el número de integrantes por familia, el nivel de cultura sanitaria, las enfermedades prevalentes, la calidad en la alimentación y última desparasitación. Como resultados obtuvimos que de 2.500 familias encuestadas en los 25 cantones que conforman la provincia del Guayas, el 6 no tiene estudios realizados, el 31 solo ha estudiado la primaria, y apenas un 4 tiene estudios superiores completos. Que 1.312 familias se encuentran compuestas por 5 o más miembros, mientras que de las enfermedades prevalentes las más importantes fueron las infecciones respiratorias agudas. También se registró que existe mayor tendencia a acudir al médico ante una enfermedad, y que el porcentaje de automedicación es bajo. En cuanto al acceso al agua potable se evidenció que aún existe un porcentaje importante de población que no goza de este servicio; además se detectó un porcentaje alto de individuos que no se ha desparasitado en los últimos 6 meses. En conclusión se pudo apreciar que factores como el bajo nivel de educación, el hacinamiento y la falta de una desparasitación efectiva, inciden en la calidad de salud de la población; por otra parte se observó que se conserva una cultura sanitaria comprometida con el sistema de salud.

Within the socio-economic-cultural diversity that characterizes the province of Guayas, there are a number of deficiencies that, at some extent, are responsible for the population’s health problems. Being the major aim the determination of the factors that are causing this deficiency in the health quality, a retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study is carried out through a health survey with questions designed to determine the level of education of the population, number of family members, level of health culture, common diseases, feeding quality and the latest deworming. As a result, we found that out of 2.500 families that were surveyed in the 25 cantons that make up the Province of Guayas, 6 do not have any type of education, 31 have only studied primary school, and only a 4 have completed upper level studies. It was also found out that 1.321 families are composed by five or more members; meanwhile, the most importantly prevalent diseases were the acute respiratory infections. It was also found that there is a greater tendency in visiting the doctor in the presence of a disease, and that self- medication percentage is low. And concerning the access to filtered water; it was found that there still exists a significant percentage of the population without this service. Moreover, a higher percentage of individuals have not dewormed themselves within the last 6 months. Consequently, it is concluded that factors as low education, overcrowding and the lack of an effective deworming are affecting the quality of the population’s health. On the other hand, it was also found that a health care culture was still committed to the health system.

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Contiene: Biologia celular; morfologia celular; substancias celulares; fisiologia celular; irritabilidad celular; ciclo celular; meiosis; fecundacion y gestacion; simbologia y terminologia genetica; genetica; aberraciones cromosomicas, errores congenitos del metabolismo de loa aminoacidos, errores congenitos del metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono, consejo genetico

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Primer caso de Paracoccidioidomicosis tratado con Ketoconazol en Costa Rica en abril de 1984. Demostrando el producto su gran eficacia, excelente tolerancia e inocuidad al igual que las comunicaciones de Argentina, Brasil y Medellín

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