RESUMO

Salmonella Pullorum is a pathogen that infects several species of birds, mainly offspring, and among them, quails. Therefore, this study was performed in order to evaluate the S. Pullorum shedding in experimentally infected Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) and egg contamination ability. S. Pullorum ATCC lyophilized was inoculated in all birds (60 quails at 160 days). Before  the inoculation, rapid slide agglutination test was performed in all birds and individual cloacal  swabs were collected randomly. Birds from group A and group B received 0.5mL of inoculum containing 1.5x102 CFU and 7.5 x 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, directly in the crop. The cloacal swab samples were collected on 3, 6, 9, 16 and 23 days post-inoculation (dpi) and all eggs were collected. Positive cloacal swab samples were initiated at the 3rd dpi. A total of 30 pool of   eggs was analyzed, of which 73% positive for S. Pullorum until the 16th dpi. In conclusion, adult Japanese quails are possibly more resistant to the infection by S. Pullorum, but they can shed this pathogen in the environment as  well.

Salmonella Pulllorum é um patógeno que acomete várias espécies de aves, principalmente jovens, dentre essas, codornas. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eliminação da S.Pullorum em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix) infectadas experimentalmente, bem como avaliar a capacidade de contaminação dos ovos. Foi utilizada uma cepa de S. Pullorum ATCC liofilizada para inoculação de todas as aves (60 codornas com 160 dias de idade). Antecedendo a inoculação, foi realizado exame de Soroaglutinação Rápida em Placas em todas as aves e coletados suabes cloacais individuais de aves escolhidas aleatoriamente. As aves do grupo A e do grupo B foram inoculadas, com 0,5 mL do inóculo contendo 1.5 x 102 UFC e 7.5 x 108 UFC, respectivamente, diretamente no papo. As coletas de suabes cloacais ocorreram nos dias 3, 6, 9, 16 e 23 pós-inoculação e todos os ovos foram coletados. Amostras positivas de suabes cloacais se iniciaram aos 03 dpi. Foi analisado um total de 30 pool de ovos, sendo 73% positivos para S.Pullorum até 16 dpi. Conclui-se dessa forma que possivelmente codornas japonesas adultas são mais resistentes a infecção por S.Pullorum, mas pode disseminar o agente ao meio  ambiente.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction characteristic of these patients is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Early diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction is essential for the treatment especially of non-invasive manner, such as flow mediated dilation. Physical exercise is capable of generating beneficial adaptations may improve endothelial function. Objective: Identify the effect of physical exercise, using the clinical technique of ultrasound in the assessment of the endothelial function of patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome were studied, with a mean age (± SD) of 58±6 years, randomized into three groups. The training was performed for 50 minutes, four times a week. Before and after six weeks of training, subjects performed the endurance test and a study of the endothelial function of the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasound. Results: After hyperemia, the percentage of arterial diameter was significantly higher for the high-intensity group (HI before = 2.52±2.85mm and after = 31.81±12.21mm; LI before = 3.23±3.52mm and after = 20.61±7.76mm; controls before = 3.56±2.33mm and after = 2.43±2.14mm; p<0.05). Conclusions: The high-intensity aerobic training improved the vasodilatation response-dependent endothelium, recorded by ultrasound, in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Introdução: Diabetes melittus é a doença metabólica mais comum no mundo. A disfunção endotelial característica desses pacientes é um dos principais fatores de risco para aterosclerose. O diagnóstico precoce da disfunção endotelial é imprescindível para o tratamento, sobretudo, de maneira não invasiva, tal como dilatação mediada pelo fluxo. O exercício físico é capaz de gerar adaptações benéficas podendo melhorar a função endotelial. Objetivo: Identificar o efeito do exercício físico de alta intensidade, usando a técnica clínica de ultrassom, na avaliação da função endotelial de pacientes com síndrome metabólica ou diabetes mellitus tipo dois. Métodos: Foram estudados 31 pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo dois ou síndrome metabólica, com média de idade (± DP) de 58 ± 6 anos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos. O treinamento foi realizado por 50 minutos, quatro vezes por semana. Antes e depois de seis semanas de treinamento, os indivíduos realizaram o ensaio de resistência e um estudo da função endotelial por ultrassom de alta resolução da artéria braquial. Resultados: Depois da hiperemia, a porcentagem do diâmetro arterial foi significativamente maior para o grupo de alta intensidade. (AI antes = 2,52 ± 2,85 mm e depois = 31,81 ± 12,21 mm; BI antes = 3,23 ± 3,52 mm e depois = 20,61 ± 7,76 mm; controles antes = 3,56 ± 2,33 mm e depois = 2,43 ± 2,14 mm; p < 0,05). Conclusões: O treinamento aeróbico de alta intensidade melhorou o endotélio de modo dependente da resposta vasodilatadora, constatada por meio de ultrassom, em pacientes com síndrome metabólica e diabetes tipo 2.

Introducción: Diabetes mellitus es la enfermedad metabólica más común en todo el mundo. La disfunción endotelial característica de estos pacientes es uno de los principales factores de riesgo para la aterosclerosis. El diagnóstico precoz de la disfunción endotelial es esencial para el tratamiento, sobre todo de forma no invasiva como la dilatación mediada por flujo. El ejercicio es capaz de Generar adaptaciones beneficiosas mejorando la función endotelial. Objetivo: Identificar los efectos del ejercicio de alta intensidad, utilizando la técnica clínica del ultrasonido en la evaluación de la función endotelial en pacientes con síndrome metabólico o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Se estudiaron 31 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 o síndrome metabólico, con una edad media (± DE) de 58 ± 6 años, divididos aleatoriamente en tres grupos. El entrenamiento se llevó a cabo durante 50 minutos, cuatro veces por semana. Antes y después de seis semanas de entrenamiento, los sujetos realizaron la prueba de resistencia y un estudio de la función endotelial mediante ultrasonido de alta resolución de la arteria braquial. Resultados: Después de hiperemia, el porcentaje de diámetro arterial fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de alta intensidad (AI antes = 2,52 ± 2,85 mm y después = 31,81 ± 12,21 mm; BI antes = 3,23 ± 3,52 mm y después = 20,61 ± 7,76 mm; controles antes = 3,56 ± 2,33 mm y después = 2,43 ± 2,14 mm; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El entrenamiento aeróbico de alta intensidad, mejoró el endotelio de manera dependiente de la respuesta vasodilatadora, registrado por ultrasonido, en sujetos con síndrome metabólico y diabetes tipo 2.

RESUMO

O tifo aviário uma enfermidade de alto impacto no setor avícola, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os sinais clínicos da doença em codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum. Foram utilizadas 54 codornas japonesas fêmeas distribuídas em dois grupos. O grupo inoculado (GI) com SG (32 codornas) e o grupo controle (GC) (16 aves). Seis aves foram eutansiadas antes de iniciar o experimento para coleta de órgãos (fígado, baço, folículos ovarianos, cecos e pulmão) e processamento microbiológico. As aves do GI receberam 0,7mL do inóculo (1.5x106 UFC/mL) e GC receberam e 0,7mL de solução fisiológica e foram observadas durante dez dias seguidos, em três períodos diários (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) para observar os sinais clínicos da enfermidade. Após quatro dias de inoculação foi verificada prostração, apatia, penas eriçadas, diarreia, permanência da ave no canto da gaiola com os olhos fechados e relutância em movimentar-se (13/32). As alterações macroscópicas em aves que apresentaram sinais clínicos e foram eutanasiadas foram caracterizadas por esplenomegalia e hemorragia no baço em 84,6 % (11/13) e 23% (3/13), respectivamente, hepatomegalia e necrose no fígado em 15,4% (2/13) e 23,0% (3/13) respectivamente e hemorragia e atrofia em 15,4% (2/13) e 7,7% (1/13) dos folículos ovarianos. Nas aves que foram a óbito foi observado apenas hepatoesplenomegalia. Assim, podemos concluir que codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum apresentam sinais clínicos típicos de febre tifoide observados em galinhas de exploração comercial.

Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Salmonella Pullorum is a pathogen that infects several species of birds, mainly offspring, and among them, quails. Therefore, this study was performed in order to evaluate the S. Pullorum shedding in experimentally infected Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) and egg contamination ability. S. Pullorum ATCC lyophilized was inoculated in all birds (60 quails at 160 days). Before  the inoculation, rapid slide agglutination test was performed in all birds and individual cloacal  swabs were collected randomly. Birds from group A and group B received 0.5mL of inoculum containing 1.5x102 CFU and 7.5 x 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, directly in the crop. The cloacal swab samples were collected on 3, 6, 9, 16 and 23 days post-inoculation (dpi) and all eggs were collected. Positive cloacal swab samples were initiated at the 3rd dpi. A total of 30 pool of   eggs was analyzed, of which 73% positive for S. Pullorum until the 16th dpi. In conclusion, adult Japanese quails are possibly more resistant to the infection by S. Pullorum, but they can shed this pathogen in the environment as  well.(AU)

Salmonella Pulllorum é um patógeno que acomete várias espécies de aves, principalmente jovens, dentre essas, codornas. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eliminação da S.Pullorum em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix) infectadas experimentalmente, bem como avaliar a capacidade de contaminação dos ovos. Foi utilizada uma cepa de S. Pullorum ATCC liofilizada para inoculação de todas as aves (60 codornas com 160 dias de idade). Antecedendo a inoculação, foi realizado exame de Soroaglutinação Rápida em Placas em todas as aves e coletados suabes cloacais individuais de aves escolhidas aleatoriamente. As aves do grupo A e do grupo B foram inoculadas, com 0,5 mL do inóculo contendo 1.5 x 102 UFC e 7.5 x 108 UFC, respectivamente, diretamente no papo. As coletas de suabes cloacais ocorreram nos dias 3, 6, 9, 16 e 23 pós-inoculação e todos os ovos foram coletados. Amostras positivas de suabes cloacais se iniciaram aos 03 dpi. Foi analisado um total de 30 pool de ovos, sendo 73% positivos para S.Pullorum até 16 dpi. Conclui-se dessa forma que possivelmente codornas japonesas adultas são mais resistentes a infecção por S.Pullorum, mas pode disseminar o agente ao meio  ambiente.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O tifo aviário uma enfermidade de alto impacto no setor avícola, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os sinais clínicos da doença em codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum. Foram utilizadas 54 codornas japonesas fêmeas distribuídas em dois grupos. O grupo inoculado (GI) com SG (32 codornas) e o grupo controle (GC) (16 aves). Seis aves foram eutansiadas antes de iniciar o experimento para coleta de órgãos (fígado, baço, folículos ovarianos, cecos e pulmão) e processamento microbiológico. As aves do GI receberam 0,7mL do inóculo (1.5x106 UFC/mL) e GC receberam e 0,7mL de solução fisiológica e foram observadas durante dez dias seguidos, em três períodos diários (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) para observar os sinais clínicos da enfermidade. Após quatro dias de inoculação foi verificada prostração, apatia, penas eriçadas, diarreia, permanência da ave no canto da gaiola com os olhos fechados e relutância em movimentar-se (13/32). As alterações macroscópicas em aves que apresentaram sinais clínicos e foram eutanasiadas foram caracterizadas por esplenomegalia e hemorragia no baço em 84,6 % (11/13) e 23% (3/13), respectivamente, hepatomegalia e necrose no fígado em 15,4% (2/13) e 23,0% (3/13) respectivamente e hemorragia e atrofia em 15,4% (2/13) e 7,7% (1/13) dos folículos ovarianos. Nas aves que foram a óbito foi observado apenas hepatoesplenomegalia. Assim, podemos concluir que codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum apresentam sinais clínicos típicos de febre tifoide observados em galinhas de exploração comercial.(AU)

Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Salmonella Pullorum is a pathogen that infects several species of birds, mainly offspring, and among them, quails. Therefore, this study was performed in order to evaluate the S. Pullorum shedding in experimentally infected Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) and egg contamination ability. S. Pullorum ATCC lyophilized was inoculated in all birds (60 quails at 160 days). Before the inoculation, rapid slide agglutination test was performed in all birds and individual cloacal swabs were collected randomly. Birds from group A and group B received 0.5mL of inoculum containing 1.5x102 CFU and 7.5 x 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, directly in the crop. The cloacal swab samples were collected on 3, 6, 9, 16 and 23 days post-inoculation (dpi) and all eggs were collected. Positive cloacal swab samples were initiated at the 3rd dpi. A total of 30 pool of eggs was analyzed, of which 73% positive for S. Pullorum until the 16th dpi. In conclusion, adult Japanese quails are possibly more resistant to the infection by S. Pullorum, but they can shed this pathogen in the environment as well.

Resumo Salmonella Pulllorum é um patógeno que acomete várias espécies de aves, principalmente jovens, dentre essas, codornas. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eliminação da S.Pullorum em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix) infectadas experimentalmente, bem como avaliar a capacidade de contaminação dos ovos. Foi utilizada uma cepa de S. Pullorum ATCC liofilizada para inoculação de todas as aves (60 codornas com 160 dias de idade). Antecedendo a inoculação, foi realizado exame de Soroaglutinação Rápida em Placas em todas as aves e coletados suabes cloacais individuais de aves escolhidas aleatoriamente. As aves do grupo A e do grupo B foram inoculadas, com 0,5 mL do inóculo contendo 1.5 x 102 UFC e 7.5 x 108 UFC, respectivamente, diretamente no papo. As coletas de suabes cloacais ocorreram nos dias 3, 6, 9, 16 e 23 pós-inoculação e todos os ovos foram coletados. Amostras positivas de suabes cloacais se iniciaram aos 03 dpi. Foi analisado um total de 30 pool de ovos, sendo 73% positivos para S.Pullorum até 16 dpi. Conclui-se dessa forma que possivelmente codornas japonesas adultas são mais resistentes a infecção por S.Pullorum, mas pode disseminar o agente ao meio ambiente.

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) was established as the neurodegenerative dementia, which leads to progressive and irreversible cognitive decline, memory loss, attention and judgment. It is characterized by molecular injuries resulting from the accumulation of charged neuritic plaques of β-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles causing oxidative damage and inflammatory. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the learning and memory of rats seven days after infusion of β-amiloide1-42. The β-amiloide1-42 was prepared in saline protein (1ug / uL) and incubated at 37 ° C for three days to form the aggregate. The animals were anesthetized with the combination of ketamine (100 mg / kg) and xylazine (10 mg / kg) intraperitoneally, and fixed in a stereotaxic route. The aggregate was infused directly in the hippocampus (5UL bilaterally) in the coordinates, AP: -3.5 mm; LL: ± 2.0 mm; DV: -3.5. The learning and memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. The apparatus consists of a circular water tank (120 cm diameter and 60 cm high) with an escape platform (12.5 cm in diameter and 38 cm high) positioned invisible to the mice 2 cm below the water level. The tank was divided by imaginary lines (N, S, L, and O) in four quadrants (1, 2, 3 and 4) and identified by the same geometrical symbols, which remained the same throughout the study. The animals were placed facing the geometric shapes and the exhaust time measured during four consecutive days (training). In the fifth and final day it was taken to the escape platform and computed the total residence time in the target quadrant (test). The maximum time for each step was 60s. This study was approved by Ethics Committee for Animal Use (CEUA) of the State University of Ceará (UECE) by the number 2542310/2015. To analyze the learning we used the ANOVA two way with Bonferroni post-test. To verify differences in memory between the groups we used the Student t test. P <0.05 significance level was adopted[...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by vigorous and intermittent performing certain exercise separated by periods of passive or active rest with low intensity. This training model can be as effective as continuous endurance training. However, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HIIT in fitness, in addition to checking the lactate curve and glycemic variation in maximal exercise test (MET). For this, used were 8 male Wistar rats on a treadmill adapted for rodents for two weeks. To determine the intensity of the animals were subjected to TEM before the start of training and subsequently refreshed every two weeks. It HAS consists of steps 3 minutes of running with constant load, followed by two minutes of passive rest. At each stage there was an increase of 0.3 km / h to exhaustion of the animal and determine the lactate threshold. Blood samples (25 µL) were performed during rest, with the help of capillary calibrated with EDTA. Immediately after collecting the blood was transferred to eppendorf tube containing 50 µL of sodium fluoride for subsequent analysis lactimeter YSI 2300 STAT plus. The glucose analysis pre and post TEM was performed with the aid of reactive tapes and analyzed Accu-Chek ACTIVE®. After a certain MET, the animals were submitted to HIIT, which consisted of five minutes of warming, followed by four shots at 80% of maximum capacity followed by passive rest, finishing with five minute cool down. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA) of the State University of Ceará (UECE) by the number 2542310/2015. For analysis of the linearity of lactate curves was carried out Pearson's correlation for all MET. We used the analysis of variance (ANOVA - two way) followed by Bonferroni post test to check differences in pre and post glucose MET. In all cases the significance level was preset at p <0.05. An increase in the physical condition of the animals, where the maximum speed obtained in the first MET was 1.94 ± 0.12 and 3.95 ± 0.24 after 8 weeks of HIIT with Pearson linear correlation was significant in all MET . This is due to ATP production by anaerobic glycolytic system result in the accumulation of pyruvate and NADH in the muscle, which subsequently forms the lactate. In glycemic analysis it was found that in the first TEM there was a significant increase in postworkout blood glucose (pre=119±19, post=170±19), possibly by increased activation of the adrenergic system inducing hepatic glycogenolysis. In TEM 5 there was a significant reduction in blood glucose after TEM (pre=137±15, post=130±21) can be explained by increased phosphorylation of GLUT4, increasing glucose uptake by muscle exercise. Therefore, HIIT was able to increase physical ability of animals to give an increasing curve of lactate in all MET and distinct variations in glycaemia.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by vigorous and intermittent performing certain exercise separated by periods of passive or active rest with low intensity. This training model can be as effective as continuous endurance training. However, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HIIT in fitness, in addition to checking the lactate curve and glycemic variation in maximal exercise test (MET). For this, used were 8 male Wistar rats on a treadmill adapted for rodents for two weeks. To determine the intensity of the animals were subjected to TEM before the start of training and subsequently refreshed every two weeks. It HAS consists of steps 3 minutes of running with constant load, followed by two minutes of passive rest. At each stage there was an increase of 0.3 km / h to exhaustion of the animal and determine the lactate threshold. Blood samples (25 µL) were performed during rest, with the help of capillary calibrated with EDTA. Immediately after collecting the blood was transferred to eppendorf tube containing 50 µL of sodium fluoride for subsequent analysis lactimeter YSI 2300 STAT plus. The glucose analysis pre and post TEM was performed with the aid of reactive tapes and analyzed Accu-Chek ACTIVE®. After a certain MET, the animals were submitted to HIIT, which consisted of five minutes of warming, followed by four shots at 80% of maximum capacity followed by passive rest, finishing with five minute cool down. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA) of the State University of Ceará (UECE) by the number 2542310/2015. For analysis of the linearity of lactate curves was carried out Pearson's correlation for all MET. We used the analysis of variance (ANOVA - two way) followed by Bonferroni post test to check differences in pre and post glucose MET. In all cases the significance level was preset at p <0.05. An increase in the physical condition of the animals, where the maximum speed obtained in the first MET was 1.94 ± 0.12 and 3.95 ± 0.24 after 8 weeks of HIIT with Pearson linear correlation was significant in all MET . This is due to ATP production by anaerobic glycolytic system result in the accumulation of pyruvate and NADH in the muscle, which subsequently forms the lactate. In glycemic analysis it was found that in the first TEM there was a significant increase in postworkout blood glucose (pre=119±19, post=170±19), possibly by increased activation of the adrenergic system inducing hepatic glycogenolysis. In TEM 5 there was a significant reduction in blood glucose after TEM (pre=137±15, post=130±21) can be explained by increased phosphorylation of GLUT4, increasing glucose uptake by muscle exercise. Therefore, HIIT was able to increase physical ability of animals to give an increasing curve of lactate in all MET and distinct variations in glycaemia.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) was established as the neurodegenerative dementia, which leads to progressive and irreversible cognitive decline, memory loss, attention and judgment. It is characterized by molecular injuries resulting from the accumulation of charged neuritic plaques of β-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles causing oxidative damage and inflammatory. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the learning and memory of rats seven days after infusion of β-amiloide1-42. The β-amiloide1-42 was prepared in saline protein (1ug / uL) and incubated at 37 ° C for three days to form the aggregate. The animals were anesthetized with the combination of ketamine (100 mg / kg) and xylazine (10 mg / kg) intraperitoneally, and fixed in a stereotaxic route. The aggregate was infused directly in the hippocampus (5UL bilaterally) in the coordinates, AP: -3.5 mm; LL: ± 2.0 mm; DV: -3.5. The learning and memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. The apparatus consists of a circular water tank (120 cm diameter and 60 cm high) with an escape platform (12.5 cm in diameter and 38 cm high) positioned invisible to the mice 2 cm below the water level. The tank was divided by imaginary lines (N, S, L, and O) in four quadrants (1, 2, 3 and 4) and identified by the same geometrical symbols, which remained the same throughout the study. The animals were placed facing the geometric shapes and the exhaust time measured during four consecutive days (training). In the fifth and final day it was taken to the escape platform and computed the total residence time in the target quadrant (test). The maximum time for each step was 60s. This study was approved by Ethics Committee for Animal Use (CEUA) of the State University of Ceará (UECE) by the number 2542310/2015. To analyze the learning we used the ANOVA two way with Bonferroni post-test. To verify differences in memory between the groups we used the Student t test. P <0.05 significance level was adopted[...](AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Poultry meat and byproducts are the main protein source for man. However, such foods are related tooutbreaks of food-borne infections around the world, caused mainly by Salmonella spp. Therefore, thepresent study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in material collected in properties ofbackyard chickens (eggs, ration, cloacal swab and drag swab) and to perform a survey of members ofthe Enterobacteriaceae family in eggs commercialized in the main free markets of Fortaleza. Individualcloacal swabs were collected from 405 backyard chickens from 18 houses and 10 eggs were alsocollected for analysis of eggshell and internal content from each sampled household, totaling 180 eggs.From the free markets, 90 eggs were collected. Once sampled, the ration, cloacal swab, drag swab, shelland internal contents of eggs were incubated in Peptone Water and aliquots were placed in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and Selenite-Cystine broth added Novobiocin. Following, aliquots of each broth werestreaked in plates Brilliant Green agar and MacConkey agar. Suspect colonies for Salmonella spp.were submitted to biochemical identification, with the temperature and incubation time standardizedin 37ºC/24h, respectively. Eggs collected from houses were broken in sterile beaker and maintained inbacteriological incubator at 37ºc/24h. After such period, aliquots collected were incubated in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and Selenite-Cystine broth added Novobiocin, following the same bacteriologicalprocedure mentioned previously for swabs. Eggs from free markets were analyzed with the samemethodology as the house eggs, minus the antibiotic Novobiocin in the Selenite-Cystin broth, andwith further biochemical tests used to identify the different members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.No Salmonella spp. were isolated from swab or egg samples.(AU)

A carne de aves e seus subprodutos são as principais fontes de proteína para o homem. No entanto estão implicadas em surtos de toxi-infecção em todo o mundo, causada principalmente por Salmonella spp. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a presença de Salmonella spp. em material coletado em propriedades criadoras de galinhas de fundo de quintal (ovos, ração, swab cloacal e de arrasto) e realizar um levantamento das enterobactérias encontradas nos ovos comercializados nas principais feiras livres da cidade de Fortaleza. Foi realizado coleta de swab cloacal individual em 405 galinhas caipiras de 18 criatórios, e coletado dez ovos por propriedade para análise do conteúdo interno e da casca, totalizando 180 ovos. Amostras de swabs de arrastos e de ração também foram coletadas nas propriedades. Nas feiras livres, foram adquiridos 90 ovos. Após coletados, a ração, os swabs cloacais e de arrasto, casca e conteúdos interno dos ovos foram colocados em Água Peptonada (AP) e em seguida transferido uma alíquota para caldo Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) e Seletino-Cistina contendo novobiocina (SCN). Seguidamente foi realizado plaqueamento em Ágar Verde Brilhante (AVB) e MacConkey (MC). As colônias suspeitas para Salmonella spp. foram submetidas à identificação bioquímica, sendo a temperatura e período de incubação padronizado em todas as etapas em 37C/24h, respectivamente.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Os pombos domésticos e silvestres estão distribuídos por todo o mundo e carreiam micro-organismos patogênicos ao homem e a outros animais, podendo ser um dos responsáveis pela disseminação de Salmonella spp. Este patógeno gera grande preocupação para a economia mundial, uma vez que cria transtornos para a indústria avícola quando ocorre contaminação dos plantéis e ônus para a saúde pública devido a surtos de infecção alimentar causados por esta bactéria. Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento acerca da participação do pombo doméstico na possível disseminação de Salmonella spp.(AU)

Domestic and wild pigeons are distributed throughout the world and carrie micro-organisms that are pathogenic to humans and other animals. They can be one of the animals in charge of the dissemination of Salmonella spp., pathogen of great concern for the world economy as it creates inconvenience to the poultry industry when there is contamination of herds and impacts on public health due to outbreaks of foodborne infection caused by this bacterium. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a survey about the participation of the domestic pigeon in the possible dissemination of Salmonella spp.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Os pombos domésticos e silvestres estão distribuídos por todo o mundo e carreiam micro-organismos patogênicos ao homem e a outros animais, podendo ser um dos responsáveis pela disseminação de Salmonella spp. Este patógeno gera grande preocupação para a economia mundial, uma vez que cria transtornos para a indústria avícola quando ocorre contaminação dos plantéis e ônus para a saúde pública devido a surtos de infecção alimentar causados por esta bactéria. Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento acerca da participação do pombo doméstico na possível disseminação de Salmonella spp.(AU)

Domestic and wild pigeons are distributed throughout the world and carrie micro-organisms that are pathogenic to humans and other animals. They can be one of the animals in charge of the dissemination of Salmonella spp., pathogen of great concern for the world economy as it creates inconvenience to the poultry industry when there is contamination of herds and impacts on public health due to outbreaks of foodborne infection caused by this bacterium. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a survey about the participation of the domestic pigeon in the possible dissemination of Salmonella spp.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study aimed to evaluate the reproductive system regression of European quails (Coturnix coturnix) induced to molt by wheat bran fed ad libitum. A total of 16 birds, end-of-lay, was distributed in 4 groups: group C (quails fed by layier ration and water ad libitum, n = 4) group T8 (quails fed by meal by 8 days, n = 4); group T12 (quails fed by meal by 12 days, n = 4); group T16 (quails fed by meal by 16 days, n = 4). Upon reaching the prescribed period, the birds were euthanized for collection and measurement of the ovary and oviduct weight. Regarding the percentage of ovarian regression, absolute and relative weight of the ovary, the T12 group showed numerically better performance, obtaining the values 95.79%, 0.27 g and 0.15%, respectively, however, there was no significant differences (P > 0.05) between groups of birds submitted to molting. The oviduct results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among quail groups submitted to molt, excepting the oviduct regression rate, which group T8 showed significantly lower regression (P 0.05) then groups T12 and T16. The molt induced by the supply of fed meal feed composed of wheat bran provides satisfactory weight loss in european quails, causing a substantial regression of reproductive tract.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a regressão do aparelho reprodutor de codornas europeias (Coturnix coturnix) induzidas a muda por dieta a base de farelo de trigo (FT) ad libitum. Um total de 16 aves, em fim de ciclo de produção, foi dividido em 4 grupos: grupo C (codornas alimentadas com ração de postura e água ad libitum, n=4); grupo T8 (codornas tratadas com FT durante 8 dias, n=4); grupo T12 (codornas tratadas com FT durante 12 dias, n=4); grupo T16 (codornas tratadas com FT durante 16 dias, n=4). Após o período estabelecido, as aves foram eutanasiadas para coleta e mensuração do peso do ovário e oviduto. Quanto ao percentual de regressão do ovário, peso absoluto e relativo do ovário, o grupo T12 apresentou numericamente o melhor desempenho, obtendo respectivamente os valores 95,79%, 0,27g e 0,15%, entretanto, sem diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os grupos de aves submetidas a muda. Os resultados relacionados ao oviduto não mostraram diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) entre os grupos de codornas submetidas a muda forçada, com exceção da taxa de regressão de oviduto, em que o grupo T8 apresentou taxa de regressão significativamente inferior (P < 0,05) aos grupos T12 e T16. A indução a muda pelo fornecimento de ração composta por farelo de trigo proporciona satisfatória perda de peso corporal em codornas europeias, ocasionando regressão considerável do aparelho reprodutor.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Poultry meat and byproducts are the main protein source for man. However, such foods are related tooutbreaks of food-borne infections around the world, caused mainly by Salmonella spp. Therefore, thepresent study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in material collected in properties ofbackyard chickens (eggs, ration, cloacal swab and drag swab) and to perform a survey of members ofthe Enterobacteriaceae family in eggs commercialized in the main free markets of Fortaleza. Individualcloacal swabs were collected from 405 backyard chickens from 18 houses and 10 eggs were alsocollected for analysis of eggshell and internal content from each sampled household, totaling 180 eggs.From the free markets, 90 eggs were collected. Once sampled, the ration, cloacal swab, drag swab, shelland internal contents of eggs were incubated in Peptone Water and aliquots were placed in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and Selenite-Cystine broth added Novobiocin. Following, aliquots of each broth werestreaked in plates Brilliant Green agar and MacConkey agar. Suspect colonies for Salmonella spp.were submitted to biochemical identification, with the temperature and incubation time standardizedin 37ºC/24h, respectively. Eggs collected from houses were broken in sterile beaker and maintained inbacteriological incubator at 37ºc/24h. After such period, aliquots collected were incubated in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and Selenite-Cystine broth added Novobiocin, following the same bacteriologicalprocedure mentioned previously for swabs. Eggs from free markets were analyzed with the samemethodology as the house eggs, minus the antibiotic Novobiocin in the Selenite-Cystin broth, andwith further biochemical tests used to identify the different members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.No Salmonella spp. were isolated from swab or egg samples.

A carne de aves e seus subprodutos são as principais fontes de proteína para o homem. No entanto estão implicadas em surtos de toxi-infecção em todo o mundo, causada principalmente por Salmonella spp. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a presença de Salmonella spp. em material coletado em propriedades criadoras de galinhas de fundo de quintal (ovos, ração, swab cloacal e de arrasto) e realizar um levantamento das enterobactérias encontradas nos ovos comercializados nas principais feiras livres da cidade de Fortaleza. Foi realizado coleta de swab cloacal individual em 405 galinhas caipiras de 18 criatórios, e coletado dez ovos por propriedade para análise do conteúdo interno e da casca, totalizando 180 ovos. Amostras de swabs de arrastos e de ração também foram coletadas nas propriedades. Nas feiras livres, foram adquiridos 90 ovos. Após coletados, a ração, os swabs cloacais e de arrasto, casca e conteúdos interno dos ovos foram colocados em Água Peptonada (AP) e em seguida transferido uma alíquota para caldo Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) e Seletino-Cistina contendo novobiocina (SCN). Seguidamente foi realizado plaqueamento em Ágar Verde Brilhante (AVB) e MacConkey (MC). As colônias suspeitas para Salmonella spp. foram submetidas à identificação bioquímica, sendo a temperatura e período de incubação padronizado em todas as etapas em 37C/24h, respectivamente.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study aimed to evaluate the reproductive system regression of European quails (Coturnix coturnix) induced to molt by wheat bran fed ad libitum. A total of 16 birds, end-of-lay, was distributed in 4 groups: group C (quails fed by layier ration and water ad libitum, n = 4) group T8 (quails fed by meal by 8 days, n = 4); group T12 (quails fed by meal by 12 days, n = 4); group T16 (quails fed by meal by 16 days, n = 4). Upon reaching the prescribed period, the birds were euthanized for collection and measurement of the ovary and oviduct weight. Regarding the percentage of ovarian regression, absolute and relative weight of the ovary, the T12 group showed numerically better performance, obtaining the values 95.79%, 0.27 g and 0.15%, respectively, however, there was no significant differences (P > 0.05) between groups of birds submitted to molting. The oviduct results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among quail groups submitted to molt, excepting the oviduct regression rate, which group T8 showed significantly lower regression (P 0.05) then groups T12 and T16. The molt induced by the supply of fed meal feed composed of wheat bran provides satisfactory weight loss in european quails, causing a substantial regression of reproductive tract.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a regressão do aparelho reprodutor de codornas europeias (Coturnix coturnix) induzidas a muda por dieta a base de farelo de trigo (FT) ad libitum. Um total de 16 aves, em fim de ciclo de produção, foi dividido em 4 grupos: grupo C (codornas alimentadas com ração de postura e água ad libitum, n=4); grupo T8 (codornas tratadas com FT durante 8 dias, n=4); grupo T12 (codornas tratadas com FT durante 12 dias, n=4); grupo T16 (codornas tratadas com FT durante 16 dias, n=4). Após o período estabelecido, as aves foram eutanasiadas para coleta e mensuração do peso do ovário e oviduto. Quanto ao percentual de regressão do ovário, peso absoluto e relativo do ovário, o grupo T12 apresentou numericamente o melhor desempenho, obtendo respectivamente os valores 95,79%, 0,27g e 0,15%, entretanto, sem diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os grupos de aves submetidas a muda. Os resultados relacionados ao oviduto não mostraram diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) entre os grupos de codornas submetidas a muda forçada, com exceção da taxa de regressão de oviduto, em que o grupo T8 apresentou taxa de regressão significativamente inferior (P < 0,05) aos grupos T12 e T16. A indução a muda pelo fornecimento de ração composta por farelo de trigo proporciona satisfatória perda de peso corporal em codornas europeias, ocasionando regressão considerável do aparelho reprodutor.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Domestic and wild pigeons are distributed throughout the world and carrie micro-organisms that are pathogenic to humans and other animals. They can be one of the animals in charge of the dissemination of Salmonella spp., pathogen of great concern for the world economy as it creates inconvenience to the poultry industry when there is contamination of herds and impacts on public health due to outbreaks of foodborne infection caused by this bacterium. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a survey about the participation of the domestic pigeon in the possible dissemination of Salmonella spp.

Os pombos domésticos e silvestres estão distribuídos por todo o mundo e carreiam micro-organismos patogênicos ao homem e a outros animais, podendo ser um dos responsáveis pela disseminação de Salmonella spp. Este patógeno gera grande preocupação para a economia mundial, uma vez que cria transtornos para a indústria avícola quando ocorre contaminação dos plantéis e ônus para a saúde pública devido a surtos de infecção alimentar causados por esta bactéria. Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento acerca da participação do pombo doméstico na possível disseminação de Salmonella spp.

RESUMO

Background: The budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) are psittacine of the Psittacidae family which belongs in the Psittaciformes order. These birds do not belong in the free living fauna of Brazil, therefore almost all of these birds found in the home environment are derived from pet stores or free markets. The dissemination of Salmonella among psittacine and other birds, and men as well, is a theme of great scientific concern. Salmonellosis is a highly contagious disease and psittacine are susceptible, but may also act as reservoirs hosting Salmonella sp. in the intestines and presenting as a source of infection to humans and domestic animals. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate, identify and to assess the dissemination of Salmonella in budgerigars in Fortaleza city. Materials, Methods & Results: This study was performed between January and September, 2011. Two hundred and sixty four samples of drag and cloacal swabs were collected from budgerigars found in pet stores and breeders, of which 198 were individual cloacal swabs, 58 were drag swabs and 8 intestine samples were also collected during necropsy performed in birds that died during the experiment. The microbiological procedure was performed according to the following steps: pre-enrichment step, using tubes containing peptone water broth; selective enrichment step, in which pre-enriched cultures were transferred to tubes containing Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and tubes containing Selenite-Cystine broth, added Novobiocin; and plating step, in which enriched samples were streaked in plates containing Brilliant Green agar and plates containing MacConkey agar. Based on the morphology and color, colonies were selected and inoculated in Triple-Sugar-Iron agar, Lysine-Iron agar and Sulphite-Indole-Motility agar for confirmation. Urease production was assessed to differentiate Proteus from Salmonella. A questionnaire was administered to fully comprehend the conditions in which the budgerigars were maintained and housed, comprising the following subjects: food type, antimicrobial use, cleaning products used and bird species housed per cage. No Salmonella sp. was detected in budgerigars commercialized and maintained in pet stores and commercial breeders in Fortaleza city, Brazil. The questionnaire results revealed that most establishments maintain the seeds provided for the budgerigars in sealed containers and also, feeders, drinkers, cages and facilities are cleaned once a day, though most use only water treated by the local company to do so. Discussion: The studies involving Salmonella sp. and budgerigars are scarce and show a low or absent prevalence of this pathogen in this bird. The results of the questionnaire administered to the bird owners also aided in understanding the absence of Salmonella sp. in the studied birds. In conclusion, according to the methodology applied, the budgerigars commercialized in Fortaleza city do not pose imminent risk of transmitting Salmonella to the local population. In spite the absence of positivity or low prevalence of Salmonella in budgerigars reported in this study as in other scientific literature consulted, it is still recommended that control measures should always be applied in order to avoid this pathogen, since important serotypes potentially harmful to human health have been previously identified in this avian species.

Assuntos