RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the measurement characteristics of the Spanish and Catalan versions of the 10-Item Primary Care Assessment Tool for adults (PCAT-A10), shortened from the original Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT), with a new mental health item. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. LOCATION: The city of Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 3,496 people over 14 years of age from the representative random sample of the Barcelona population, from the 2016-17 Barcelona Health Survey, those who declared they had a family doctor, and had visited a specialist at some time in their lives, and had answered more than 50% of PCAT-A10 items were selected (n=3,107). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Item descriptive analysis, analysis of internal consistency, corrected item - total correlation, of the PCAT-A10 index and the 10 items that make it up. Three scenarios for non-response to treatment were analysed: substitution by 0, by the intermediate value, and excluding people who did not answer any item. RESULTS: The PCAT-A10 index obtained Cronbach alphas of 0.73, 0.79, and 0.85 in the three mentioned scenarios, correlation item total corrected between 0.41 and 0.66, and 20.8% non-responses to the mental health item. CONCLUSIONS: The new version of PCAT-A10 has a high reliability with a higher response in the mental health item compared to the previous version.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adulto , Benzenoacetamidas , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Piperidonas , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This article discusses the perceptions of professionals and users about counselling practices at a counselling and testing centre in Porto Alegre/RS based on interviews with 27 service users and 14 members of the staff. The following categories emerged from thematic analysis: professionals' perceptions on counselling, users' perceptions on counselling and changes in counselling due to the introduction of rapid test procedures. The results show that, although initially there were some imprecision and apparent contradictions in its use, rapid testing was considered an invitation to rethink practices, bringing service closer to users' needs.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Aconselhamento/métodos , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Adulto , Medicina do Comportamento/métodos , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Se repasan los principales conceptos de clase social, ocupación y estratificación social, y su contribución al análisis de los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS), y se revisan los estudios empíricos desarrollados en América Latina que utilicen las relaciones de empleo como DSS. La revisión se ha enfocado en los estudios sobre la relación entre salud y clase social basados en las perspectivas neoweberiana o neomarxista. La búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de BIREME y en la base de datos SciELO permitió localizar 28 artículos de esas características. Esta relativa escasez contrasta con la abundancia de trabajos con tales enfoques realizados en Europa y en los Estados Unidos, con una larga tradición en el análisis de los DSS. En tal sentido, las implicaciones políticas y programáticas de la investigación sobre clase social y relaciones de empleo son diferentes y complementarias de los estudios de gradientes de salud asociados a los ingresos y la educación. La globalización en las relaciones de empleo exige nuevos conceptos para explicar y medir los mecanismos de acción de los DSS trascendiendo lo estrictamente laboral; en particular, la relevancia en la realidad latinoamericana actual del impacto del trabajo informal sobre la salud.
This paper reviews the principal concepts of social class, occupation, and social stratification, and their contribution to the analysis of the social determinants of health (SDH), and reviews empirical studies conducted in Latin America that use employment relations as an SDH. The review focuses on studies of the relationship between health and social class based on neo-Weberian or neo-Marxist perspectives. A search of the BIREME Virtual Health Library and the SciELO database found 28 articles meeting these characteristics. This relative dearth contrasts with the profusion of papers that use these approaches written in Europe and in the United States, with a long tradition in the analysis of SDH. In this regard, the political and programmatic implications of research on social class and employment relations are different from and complementary to studies of health gradients associated with income and education. Globalization of employment relations requires the development of new concepts to explain and measure the mechanisms of action of the SDH going beyond what is strictly labor related; in particular, the importance in the current Latin American reality of the impact of informal work on health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Classe Social , América Latina , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
O presente artigo discute o posicionamento ético do profissional de saúde quanto à revelação do diagnóstico a parceiros sexuais de pacientes em tratamento para doenças sexualmente transmissíveis(DST) O estudo tem caráter descritivo. Uma situação-problrma, envolvendo uma possível quebra de confidencialidade, foi apresentada a três usuários em atendimento em um serviço público de Saúde Genital em Porto Alegre e a dois estudiosos de Bioética. Em seguida, foram feitas questões sobre a situação-problema apresentada, que foram gravadas e transcritas. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo dos depoimentos, os quais ofereceram subsídios para discussão bioética. As colocações dos participantes foram muito enriquecedoras e, em alguns momentos divergentes, demonstrando como a Bioética pode ser ferramenta no auxílio de profissionais que trabalham com DST. Propõe-se o aconselhamento individual como forma do habilitar o paciente, quando necessário, a revelar o diagnóstico.