RESUMO
Abstract: Among amphibian species from high elevation areas in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest there is a high percentage of threatened and endemic species, but there is still a relative scarcity of local inventories for these organisms. Here, we present data on anuran composition, relative abundance and estimated densities for leaf-litter frogs from an Atlantic Forest area within the APA Serra da Mantiqueira, in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, based on results of a short-term survey carried out at altitudes of 1,350-1,750 m, in November 2005 (with additional records from surveys made in 2010 and 2011). Three sampling methods were used during the 2005 survey: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys (VES; performed during the day, at the dusk, and at night), and pitfall traps with drift fences; only non-standardized visual searches were employed during the 2010 and 2011 surveys. We recorded 24 species, with the direct-developer Ischnocnema sp. (gr. lactea) being the most abundant. Most anurans (90% of all individuals) sampled by VES were captured during the crepuscular and nocturnal periods. The estimated density of the local leaf-litter frog assemblage based on plot sampling was 18.4 ind/100 m2, which is one of the highest values currently reported for Atlantic Rainforest areas. This is the first study analyzing the anuran fauna composition of an Atlantic Forest area within the APA Serra da Mantiqueira and adds to the body of knowledge on the fauna of the southern region of Rio de Janeiro state.
Resumo: Entre as espécies de anfíbios de áreas de altas altitudes da Mata Atlântica brasileira há uma elevada porcentagem de espécies ameaçadas e endêmicas, mas ainda há relativa escassez de inventários locais desses organismos. Aqui, apresentamos dados sobre a composição de espécies, abundância relativa e densidade estimada para anfíbios anuros de serapilheira de área de Mata Atlântica na APA Serra da Mantiqueira, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, com base em resultados de estudo de curto prazo realizado a altitudes de 1.350-1.750 m, em novembro de 2005 (incluindo registros adicionais de coletas feitas em 2010 e 2011). Três métodos de amostragem foram utilizados na campanha de 2005: amostragem em parcelas, encontros visuais (realizados durante o dia, no crepúsculo e à noite) e armadilhas de queda; apenas procuras visuais não padronizadas foram usadas nas coletas de 2010 e 2011. Foram registradas 24 espécies, sendo a mais abundante Ischnocnema sp. (gr. lactea), uma forma com desenvolvimento direto. A maioria dos anuros (90% de todos os indivíduos) amostrados pelo método de encontros visuais foi capturada durante os períodos crepuscular e noturno. A densidade estimada para anuros de serapilheira com base nas amostragens em parcelas foi de 18,4 ind/100 m2, um dos valores mais altos registrados até o momento para áreas de Mata Atlântica. Este é o primeiro estudo que analisa a composição da fauna de anuros de área de Mata Atlântica da APA Serra da Mantiqueira e contribui para o conhecimento da fauna da região sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro.
RESUMO
Abstract: The state of Paraná, located in southern Brazil, was originally covered almost entirely by the Atlantic Forest biome, with some areas of Cerrado savanna. In the present day, little of this natural vegetation remains, mostly remnants of Atlantic Forest located in the coastal zone. While some data are available on the anurans of the state of Paraná, no complete list has yet been published, which may hamper the understanding of its potential anuran diversity and limit the development of adequate conservation measures. To rectify this situation, we elaborated a list of the anuran species that occur in state of Paraná, based on records obtained from published sources. We recorded a total of 137 anuran species, distributed in 13 families. Nineteen of these species are endemic to the state of Paraná and five are included in the red lists of the state of Paraná, Brazil and/or the IUCN. Two anuran species were categorized as Near Threatened by the IUCN and 27 species were listed as Data Deficient in one or more lists. According to IUCN 49.6% of the anuran species recorded had their population trends stable, 19% in declined, only 1.4% is increased and 20.4% had your population trends unknown. We also recorded the occurrence in Paraná of the exotic invader anuran Lithobates catesbeianus. We consider our list of species to be a relatively reliable estimate of the anuran diversity of the Brazilian state of Paraná, although new species records are expected, mainly because there are many regions that have not yet been sampled.
Resumo: O estado do Paraná, localizado no sul do Brasil, originalmente possuía praticamente toda sua área coberta pelo bioma Mata Atlântica com algumas porções do bioma Cerrado. Atualmente, pouco resta das formações destes biomas, sendo a maior parte remanescentes florestais de Mata Atlântica, localizados na região costeira do Estado. Apesar de haver estudos sobre anuros no estado do Paraná, até então nenhum deles proveu uma lista dos anuros com ocorrência no Estado, o que pode dificultar o conhecimento sobre a potencial diversidade de anuros e restringir medidas de conservação. A partir dessa lacuna, elaboramos uma lista das espécies de anuros com registro para o Paraná, a partir de dados de estudos publicados. Registramos um total de 137 espécies de anuros, pertencentes a 13 famílias. Dentre estas, 19 espécies de anuros são endêmicas do estado do Paraná e cinco encontram-se relacionadas sob algum grau de ameaça de extinção na lista vermelha do estado do Paraná, do Brasil e/ou da lista global da IUCN. Duas espécies de anuros foram categorizadas como Quase Ameaçada pela IUCN e 27 espécies foram listadas como Dados Insuficientes nestas listas. De acordo com a IUCN, 49,6% das espécies de anuros registradas apresentaram tendências populacionais estáveis, 19% diminuíram, apenas 1,4% aumentaram e 20,4% apresentaram tendências de sua populações desconhecidas. Registramos também a ocorrência do anuro exótico e invasor Lithobates catesbeianus para diferentes áreas do estado do Paraná. Consideramos nossa lista de espécies uma estimativa relativamente confiável da diversidade de anuros do estado brasileiro do Paraná, embora sejam esperados novos registros de espécies, principalmente porque existem muitas regiões que ainda não foram amostradas.
RESUMO
Despite a recent increase of information on leaf litter frog communities from Atlantic rainforests, few studies have analyzed the relationship between environmental parameters and community structure of these animals. We analyzed the effects of some environmental factors on a leaf litter frog community at an Atlantic Rainforest area in southeastern Brazil. Data collection lasted ten consecutive days in January 2010, at elevations ranging between 300 and 520 m above sea level. We established 50 quadrats of 5 x 5 m on the forest floor, totaling 1,250 m² of sampled area, and recorded the mean leaf-litter depth and the number of trees within the plot, as well as altitude. We found 307 individuals belonging to ten frog species within the plots. The overall density of leaf-litter frogs estimated from the plots was 24.6 ind/100m², with Euparkerella brasiliensis (Parker, 1926), Ischnocnema guentheri (Steindachner, 1864), Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853) and Haddadus binotatus (Spix, 1824) presenting the highest estimated densities. Among the environmental variables analyzed, only altitude influenced the parameters of anuran community. Our results indicate that the study area has a very high density of forest floor leaf litter frogs at altitudes of 300-500 m. Future estimates of litter frog density might benefit from taking the local altitudinal variation into consideration. Neglecting such variation might result in underestimated/overestimated values if they are extrapolated to the whole area.
Assuntos
Animais , Altitude , Anuros/classificação , Biodiversidade , Estatísticas Ambientais , Brasil , Floresta ÚmidaRESUMO
Despite a recent increase of information on leaf litter frog communities from Atlantic rainforests, few studies have analyzed the relationship between environmental parameters and community structure of these animals. We analyzed the effects of some environmental factors on a leaf litter frog community at an Atlantic Rainforest area in southeastern Brazil. Data collection lasted ten consecutive days in January 2010, at elevations ranging between 300 and 520 m above sea level. We established 50 quadrats of 5 x 5 m on the forest floor, totaling 1,250 m² of sampled area, and recorded the mean leaf-litter depth and the number of trees within the plot, as well as altitude. We found 307 individuals belonging to ten frog species within the plots. The overall density of leaf-litter frogs estimated from the plots was 24.6 ind/100m², with Euparkerella brasiliensis (Parker, 1926), Ischnocnema guentheri (Steindachner, 1864), Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853) and Haddadus binotatus (Spix, 1824) presenting the highest estimated densities. Among the environmental variables analyzed, only altitude influenced the parameters of anuran community. Our results indicate that the study area has a very high density of forest floor leaf litter frogs at altitudes of 300-500 m. Future estimates of litter frog density might benefit from taking the local altitudinal variation into consideration. Neglecting such variation might result in underestimated/overestimated values if they are extrapolated to the whole area.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Anuros/classificação , Estatísticas Ambientais , Biodiversidade , Altitude , Brasil , Floresta ÚmidaRESUMO
We are presenting a list of the reptile species from Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (LMNP), Maranhão, Brazil, obtained during 235 days of field work. The study area is located in the contact zone between three major Neotropical ecosystems: Amazonia, Caatinga, and Cerrado. The PNLM encompasses the largest dune fields in Brazil, wide shrubby areas (restingas), lakes, mangroves, and many freshwater lagoons. We have recorded 42 species of reptiles in the area: 24 snakes, 12 lizards, two worm lizards, three turtles, and one alligator. About 81 % of the recorded species occurred only in restinga areas. Our data highlights the uniqueness of the PNLM in the context of the biomes that surround it and shows the importance of efforts to improve the conservation of reptiles living in the restinga, which currently comprise only about 20 % of the total area protected by the park, but which are the mesohabitat containing most of the reptile species in the Lençóis Maranhenses complex of habitats.
RESUMO
Anuracanthorhynchus tritaxisentis n. gen., n. sp. from the intestines of the Brazilian frog Hylodes phyllodes (Leptodactylidae) is described and illustrated. Anuracanthorhynchus tritaxisentis n. gen., n. sp., is unique among the echinorhynchid Acanthocephala by possessing a spherical proboscis supporting a small number of hooks of equal size. It is the sixth acanthocephalan species reported from South American anurans.