RESUMO
Totoaba macdonaldi is an endangered endemic fish of the Gulf of California. Overexploitation resulted in the Mexican government banning the fishing of this species in 1975, and it being listed as endangered. However, the species is still subject to illegal fishing. Despite its conservation status, little is known about totoaba biology. The present study aimed to implement, for the first time, a metabarcoding protocol to describe the totoaba diet. Four wild totoaba individuals, seized by Mexican law enforcement agents, were dissected, and their stomach contents were collected. Three representative amplicon libraries were generated for cephalopods, chordates, and eukaryotes. After sequencing, 18 different taxa were identified, of which 11 species were recognized as prey. The totoaba were found to have consumed Pacific anchovy (Cetengraulis mysticetus), flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), bigeye croaker (Micropogonias megalops), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps), milkfish (Chanos chanos), and Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax). Members of the Euphausiidae family (krill) were also identified. This study identified up to four times more species in much fewer samples than previous studies based on morphological recognition, thus confirming metabarcoding as an effective method for studying the feeding habits of this species and one providing the tools required for further analysis of the totoaba diet.
Assuntos
Dieta , Perciformes , Animais , Dieta/veterináriaRESUMO
Colour pattern is the main trait that drives mate recognition between Heliconius species that are phylogenetically close. However, when this cue is compromised such as in cases of mimetic, sympatric and closely related species, alternative mating signals must evolve to ensure reproductive isolation and species integrity. The closely related species Heliconius melpomene malleti and H. timareta florencia occur in the same geographical region, and despite being co-mimics, they display strong reproductive isolation. In order to test which cues differ between species, and potentially contribute to reproductive isolation, we quantified differences in the wing phenotype and the male chemical profile. As expected, the wing colour pattern was indistinguishable between the two species, while the chemical profile of the androconial and genital males' extracts showed marked differences. We then conducted behavioural experiments to study the importance of these signals in mate recognition by females. In agreement with our previous results, we found that chemical blends and not wing colour pattern drive the preference of females for conspecific males. Also, experiments with hybrid males and females suggested an important genetic component for both chemical production and preference. Altogether, these results suggest that chemicals are the major reproductive barrier opposing gene flow between these two sister and co-mimic species.
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Borboletas/fisiologia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Biomimética , Sinais (Psicologia) , Feminino , Masculino , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Reprodução , Comportamento Sexual AnimalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a widely used therapeutic option for fecal incontinence (FI). Larger series are mainly from Western countries, while few reports address the results of SNM in less developed or less wealthy countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of SNM in patients with FI in Latin America. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with FI who had SNM between 2009 and 2016 at 15 specialized colorectal surgery centers in Latin America. Main outcomes measures were functional outcomes, postoperative complications, requirement of revisional surgery, and requirement of device removal. All patients had failed conservative management and had clinical assessment including recording of the validated Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence Score (CCF-FIS) and, when available, anal manometry and endoanal ultrasound. Patients were followed up for a median of 36.7 (1-84) months. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one patients [119 females, median age of 62.2 (range 19-87) years] were included. The most common etiology of FI was obstetric injury (n = 60; 45.8%). After successful test lead implantation, the stimulator was permanently placed in 129 patients (98.5%). One patient failed to respond in the test phase and one patient did not proceed to permanent implantation for insurance reasons. Nineteen patients (14.7%) had 19 complications including infection (n = 5, 3.8%), persistent implant site pain (n = 5, 3.8%), generator/lead dislodgment (n = 5, 3.8%), malfunctioning device (n = 3, 2.3%), and hematoma (n = 1, 0.7%). Reimplantation after the first and second stages was necessary in 2 (1.5%) and 3 patients (2.3%), respectively. The device removal rate was 2.2%. At a median follow-up of 36.7 (range 1-84) months, the CCF-FIS significantly improved from a preoperative baseline of 15.9 ± 2.98 to 5.2 ± 3.92 (95%CI: 15.46 vs 4.43; p < 0.0001). Overall, 90% of patients rated their improvement as "significant". CONCLUSIONS: Sacral nerve stimulation for FI is safe and efficient, even in less wealthy or less developed countries.
Assuntos
Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Incontinência Fecal/terapia , Sacro/inervação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Remoção de Dispositivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Eletrodos Implantados , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sacro/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cholangiocarcinoma is an infrequent neoplasm barely studied with 18F-FDG-PET/CT. We evaluated the metabolic behavior of cholangiocarcinoma in PET/CT according to its location (intra or extrahepatic) and analyzed the relationship between metabolic parameters of the primary tumor and tumor markers (CA19-9 and CEA), determining their prognostic significance. METHODS: Retrospective study of PET/CT of 60 patients with untreated cholangiocarcinoma, divided into two groups according to tumor location. FDG uptake was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively [SUVmax and tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR)], and differences between intra and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were tested, both for FDG uptake in the primary tumor and for the presence of regional or distant disease (per-patient), as well as regarding tumor marker levels. A correlation between metabolic parameters and tumor markers was performed, and prognostic value of these factors was determined (univariate and multivariate analyses). RESULTS: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were significantly more FDG-avid than extrahepatic ones (p = 0.006 for SUVmax; p = 0.002 for TLR). There were differences neither between both groups considering the capacity of PET/CT to detect regional (p = 0.261) and distant involvement (p = 0.876), nor regarding the levels of tumor markers (p = 0.160 for CA19-9; p = 0.708 for CEA). Metabolic parameters and tumor markers showed a weak positive correlation (R2 0.22-0.27). At the multivariate analysis, advanced stage (p = 0.024), increased CEA (p = 0.022), and higher TLR (p = 0.003) were significantly related with shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Intra and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas behave differently on PET/CT, though no differences between both groups exist in its capacity to detect regional or distant disease. Metabolic parameters and levels of tumor markers seem to relate with tumor burden, impacting in prognosis.
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Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/metabolismo , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Colangiocarcinoma/metabolismo , Colangiocarcinoma/patologia , Idoso , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/diagnóstico por imagem , Colangiocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Prognóstico , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The colonization of an exotic species by native herbivores is more likely to occur if that herbivore is a generalist. There is little information on the life-history mechanisms used by native generalist insects to colonize exotic hosts and how these mechanisms are affected by host properties. We examined the ability of the generalist seed beetle Stator limbatus Horn to colonize an exotic species. We compared its host preference, acceptability, performance, and egg size when ovipositing and developing on two native (Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth and Senegalia riparia (Kunth)) and one exotic legume species (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.)). We also analyzed the seed chemistry. We found that females recognize the exotic species as an unfavorable host for larval development and that they delayed oviposition and laid fewer and larger eggs on the exotic species than on the native species. Survivorship on the exotic host was 0%. Additionally, seeds of the native species contain five chemical compounds that are absent in the exotic species, and the exotic species contains three sterols, which are absent in the native legumes. Genetically based differences between beetles adapted to different hosts, plastic responses toward new hosts, and chemical differences among seeds are important in host colonization and recognition of the exotic host. In conclusion, the generalist nature of S. limbatus does not influence its ability to colonize L. leucocephala. Explanations for the colonization of exotic hosts by generalist native species and for the success of invasive species must be complemented with studies measuring local adaptation and plasticity.
Assuntos
Besouros , Oviposição , Sementes , Animais , Fabaceae , Feminino , HerbivoriaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients suspected of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) based on our own pre-test risk classification (PRC). METHODS: A multicenter retrospective longitudinal study was conducted from 2006 to 2014. We designed a seven-point scoring system using the clinical syndrome characteristics [classical (CS) and non-classical syndromes (NCS)] and its location (central, peripheral, in the neuromuscular junction or combined), onconeural antibodies and tumor markers. Patients were classified as low (score 0-2), intermediate (3-4) and high (5-7) pre-test risk of PNS. FDG-PET/CT was classified as negative or positive. Final diagnosis according Graus' criteria (definite, possible or no PNS) was established. Relations between clinical and metabolic variables with the final diagnosis were studied. RESULTS: 73 patients were included, with a follow-up time of 33 months. Eleven (15 %) patients were finally diagnosed with neoplasm (8 invasive cancers). Ultimately, 13 (18 %) and 24 (33 %) subjects were diagnosed as definite or possible PNS. All the patients with final diagnosis of neoplasm had a CS (p = 0.005). PET/CT was helpful to diagnose 6/8 (75 %) invasive cancers. PET/CT findings were associated with the final diagnosis of neoplasm (p = 0.003) and the diagnosis of PNS attending to Graus' criteria (p = 0.019). PRC showed significant association with the final diagnosis of neoplasm and PET/CT results. A majority of patients (10/11) diagnosed of neoplasm had intermediate/high-risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our PRC seems to be a valid tool to select candidates for PET/CT imaging in this setting. PET/CT detected malignancy in a significant proportion of patients with invasive cancer.
Assuntos
Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Imagem Multimodal/métodos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The effect of LiCl additions on the in vitro bioactivity, hemolysis, cytotoxicity, compressive strength and setting time of calcium aluminate cements was studied. Calcium aluminate clinker (AC) was obtained via solid state reaction from reagent grade chemicals of CaCO3 and Al2O3. Calcium aluminate cements (CAC) were prepared by mixing the clinker with water or aqueous LiCl solutions (0.01, 0.0125 or 0.015M (M)) using a w/c ratio of 0.4. After 21days of immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at physiological conditions of temperature and pH, a Ca-P rich layer, identified as hydroxyapatite (HA), was formed on the cement without LiCl and on the cement prepared with 0.01M of LiCl solution. This indicates the high bioactivity of these cements. The cements setting times were significantly reduced using LiCl. The measured hemolysis percentages, all of them lower than 5%, indicated that the cements were not hemolytic. The compressive strength of the cements was not negatively affected by the LiCl additions. The obtained cement when a solution of LiCl 0.010M was added, presented high compressive strength, appropriated bioactivity, no cytotoxicity and low setting time, making this material a potentially bone cement.
Assuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Cimentos Ósseos/farmacologia , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Cloreto de Lítio/farmacologia , Animais , Líquidos Corporais/química , Contagem de Células , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Força Compressiva , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Soluções , Espectrometria por Raios X , Estresse Mecânico , Temperatura , Fatores de Tempo , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The appearance of patellofemoral pain after a knee arthroplasty, particularly in rheumatic diseases, resulted in the incorporation of the substitution of the patellar component in all designs. The replacement of the patella became a standard part of knee arthroplasty, but the controversy over whether to restore it or not continues among orthopedists that perform knee arthroplasties. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of anterior knee pain in patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty with or without replacement of the patellar component. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective, descriptive and transversal study from January 2011 to December 2013. RESULTS: A total of 54 patients were included, 12 men (with an average age of 63 years) and 42 women (with an average age of 71 years), totaling 64 knees that were surgically intervened. CONCLUSION: This study found no significant difference in anterior knee pain and in the function of the patellofemoral joint and the knee in the groups of patients who were tested with the different scales.
La aparición de dolor patelofemoral postoperatorio en la artroplastía de rodilla, sobre todo en pacientes reumáticos, resultó en la incorporación de la sustitución del componente patelar en la mayoría de los diseños. Esta se convirtió en una parte estándar de la artroplastía total de rodilla; la controversia sobre si restituir o no el componente patelar continúa siendo debatida por los cirujanos ortopedistas que realizan artroplastías de rodilla.
Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Dor , Patela , Idoso , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho , Masculino , Osteoartrite do Joelho , Dor/etiologia , Patela/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: La aparición de dolor patelofemoral postoperatorio en la artroplastía de rodilla, sobre todo en pacientes reumáticos, resultó en la incorporación de la sustitución del componente patelar en la mayoría de los diseños. Esta se convirtió en una parte estándar de la artroplastía total de rodilla; la controversia sobre si restituir o no el componente patelar continúa siendo debatida por los cirujanos ortopedistas que realizan artroplastías de rodilla. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis de la incidencia de dolor anterior de rodilla en pacientes sometidos a artroplastía primaria de rodilla con o sin remplazo del componente patelar. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal de Enero de 2011 a Diciembre de 2013. Resultados: 54 individuos, 12 hombres (con un promedio de edad de 63 años) y 42 mujeres (con un promedio de edad de 71 años), que dieron un total de 64 rodillas intervenidas quirúrgicamente. Conclusión: No se encontró diferencia significativa en cuanto al dolor anterior de rodilla, en la función de la articulación patelofemoral y de la rodilla en los grupos de sujetos que fueron analizados con las diferentes escalas.
Abstract: Introduction: The appearance of patellofemoral pain after a knee arthroplasty, particularly in rheumatic diseases, resulted in the incorporation of the substitution of the patellar component in all designs. The replacement of the patella became a standard part of knee arthroplasty, but the controversy over whether to restore it or not continues among orthopedists that perform knee arthroplasties. Objective: To analyze the incidence of anterior knee pain in patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty with or without replacement of the patellar component. Material and methods: Observational, retrospective, descriptive and transversal study from January 2011 to December 2013. Results: A total of 54 patients were included, 12 men (with an average age of 63 years) and 42 women (with an average age of 71 years), totaling 64 knees that were surgically intervened. Conclusion: This study found no significant difference in anterior knee pain and in the function of the patellofemoral joint and the knee in the groups of patients who were tested with the different scales.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Dor/etiologia , Patela/patologia , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Osteoartrite do Joelho , Articulação do JoelhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The optimal regimen of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer has not been established. We evaluated accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (RT) concurrent to low-dose weekly cisplatin and continuous infusion fluorouracil (LDCI-FU) followed by esophagectomy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. METHODS: Patients with clinical stage II or III SCC of the esophagus received cisplatin 30 mg/m2/week (days 1, 8, 15), LDCI-FU 300 mg/m2/day (days 1-21), and concomitant RT to a dose of 45 Gy (150 cGy/fraction, 2 fractions/day) on tumor and affected lymph nodes, followed by radical esophagectomy. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2012, 64 patients were treated with this regimen. Twenty-four patients (37 %) had grade 3 esophagitis, 18 (28 %) of whom required hospitalization. The risk of hospitalization was reduced by placement of a jejunostomy tube before starting induction chemoradiotherapy. Six patients (9 %) had grade 3-4 neutropenia. Fifty-three patients (83 %) underwent esophageal resection and complete resection was achieved in 45 (70 %). The overall median survival was 28 months (95 % CI: 20.4-35.6) and 5-year survival was 38 %. In the 18 patients attaining a pathological complete response, median survival was 132 months and 5-year survival was 72 %. Positron emission tomography standardized uptake values (PET SUVmax) post-chemoradiotherapy were associated with pathological response (p = 0.03) and survival (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive preoperative hyperfractionated RT concomitant to low-dose cisplatin and LDCI-FU is effective in patients with locally advanced SCC of the esophagus, with good pathological response and survival and manageable toxicities. Post-chemoradiotherapy PET SUVmax shows promise as a potential prognostic factor.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/radioterapia , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Fracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Esofagectomia , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante/efeitos adversos , Tomografia por Emissão de PósitronsRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early steroid withdrawal (ESW) can improve lipid and hemodynamic profiles without severe acute rejection (AR) events in renal transplant patients. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of ESW on the frequency and severity of AR. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was performed on renal transplant recipients with a follow-up of 12 months. In the ESW group, patients were selected for corticosteroid treatment withdrawal on the fifth day post transplantation. In the Control group, patients continued with steroid treatment. All patients were over 18 years of age with panel reactive antibody (PRA) class I and II HLA <20%. RESULTS: In total, 71 patients, 37 in the ESW group (52.1%) and 34 in the Control group (47.9%), had comparable AR incidences at the end of the follow-up (16% vs 15%) (NS) (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.32-3.33). Although renal graft survival was similar between the ESW and Control groups (87% vs 94%), renal function was superior in the ESW group (85 vs 75 mL/min). Additionally, hypertension was less frequent in the ESW group (3% vs 35%), requiring the use of fewer antihypertensives (8% vs 50%). CONCLUSIONS: ESW was also associated with better blood pressure control and similar AR risk. The ESW group exhibited stable renal function.
Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Suspensão de Tratamento , Adulto , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Doadores Vivos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Modern management of Oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) cancers requires a multidisciplinary approach, which was implemented at our health centre in 2005. This study aimed to assess the impact of this change on clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, covering all patients treated for oesophageal and OGJ cancer at the cancer centre established by the Bellvitge University Hospital and Catalonian Institute of Oncology, over two time periods, i.e. 2000-2004 and 2005-2008. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed using survival at 1 and 3 years as dependent variables. RESULTS: Between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2008, 586 patients were included. Number of patients with unknown stage at diagnosis was significantly reduced. Preoperative strategies at the oesophageal location clearly increased in the recent period. A multidisciplinary approach resulted in a significant reduction in surgical mortality (11.8 vs. 2 %) in the period 2005-2008. Analysis restricted to patients undergoing surgery with curative intent indicated a significant increase in 1- and 3-year survival in the latter period (68.4 vs. 89.8 and 38.2 vs. 57.1 %, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with improved survival were: age; tumour stage; radical intent of treatment (surgery and radical combined chemoradiotherapy); and therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSION: Better selection of patients for therapy together with improved staging resulted in a significant improvement in 1- and 3-year survival in cases undergoing surgery with curative intent. These changes would support the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach to clinical decision-making in cases of oesophageal and OGJ cancer.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidade , Junção Esofagogástrica/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Hybridization and gene introgression can occur frequently between closely related taxa, but appear to be rare phenomena among members of the species-rich West Indian radiation of Anolis lizards. We investigated the pattern and possible mechanism of introgression between two sister species from Puerto Rico, Anolis pulchellus and Anolis krugi, using mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear (DNAH3, NKTR) DNA sequences. Our findings demonstrated extensive introgression of A. krugi mtDNA (k-mtDNA) into the genome of A. pulchellus in western Puerto Rico, to the extent that k-mtDNA has mostly or completely replaced the native mtDNA of A. pulchellus on this part of the island. We proposed two not mutually exclusive scenarios to account for the interspecific matings between A. pulchellus and A. krugi. We inferred that hybridization events occurred independently in several populations, and determined that k-mtDNA haplotypes harboured in individuals of A. pulchellus can be assigned to four of the five major mtDNA clades of A. krugi. Further, the spatial distribution of k-mtDNA clades in the two species is largely congruent. Based on this evidence, we concluded that natural selection was the probable driving mechanism for the extensive k-mtDNA introgression into A. pulchellus. Our two nuclear data sets yielded different results. DNAH3 showed reciprocal monophyly of A. pulchellus and A. krugi, indicating no effect of hybridization on this marker. In contrast, the two species shared nine NKTR alleles, probably due to incomplete lineage sorting. Our study system will provide an excellent opportunity to experimentally assess the behavioural and ecological mechanisms that can lead to hybridization in closely related taxa.
Assuntos
Deriva Genética , Genética Populacional , Hibridização Genética , Lagartos/genética , Animais , Região do Caribe , DNA Mitocondrial , Funções Verossimilhança , Mitocôndrias/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Porto RicoRESUMO
We report a theoretical investigation of free-standing Fe(x)Co(y)Ni(z) ternary clusters with x + y + z = 5 and 6. Our study is performed within density functional theory as implemented in the GAUSSIAN 03 set of programs and with the BPW91/SDD level of theory. We analyze the geometries, chemical order, local and total magnetic moments, binding energies, excess energies, and second difference in the energy in the whole range of composition, from which structural, magnetic, and stability phase diagrams are predicted for these cluster sizes. We determine the optimal stoichiometries for these clusters as regards the maximum total magnetic moment and stability.
RESUMO
The objective was to describe the relationship between concentration of serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) at calving and the incidence of periparturient disorders in Chilean Holstein dairy cows (Bos taurus). The study was conducted at two dairies (central Chile) with 700 milking cows each and similar management. Between July 2006 and March 2007, 350 cows were selected, and concentrations of serum NEFAs were determined at calving. The incidence of milk fever (MF), retained fetal membranes (RFMs), metritis, and clinical mastitis from calving to 100 d in lactation were consistently recorded. The relationship between concentration of serum NEFAs at calving and the incidence of periparturient diseases was determined using logistic regression. The main explanatory variable was concentration of serum NEFAs at calving. The incidence of MF, RFM, metritis, and mastitis was 5.4%, 15.6%, 10.8%, and 14.4%, respectively. There was no association between concentration of NEFAs at calving and the incidence of these conditions when the median value of NEFAs (0.9 mEq/L) was used as a cutoff. However, when the 75th percentile (1.2 mEq/L) was used as the cutoff, cows with values <1.2 mEq/L were 0.45 and 0.32 times as likely to develop clinical mastitis and MF, respectively, compared with cows with values >or=1.2 mEq/L. When the 90th percentile (1.6 mEq/L) was used as a cutoff, cows with values <1.6 mEq/L were 0.25 times as likely to develop clinical mastitis compared with cows with values >or=1.6 mEq/L. As a continuous variable, for every 0.1 mEq/L increment in NEFAs at calving, cows were 1.11 times more likely to experience clinical mastitis. In conclusion, cows with NEFA concentrations >or=1.2 mEq/L had a higher incidence of clinical mastitis and MF than that of cows with values <1.2 mEq/L.
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Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Incidência , Mastite Bovina/sangue , Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/sangue , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/epidemiologia , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/veterinária , Paresia Puerperal/sangue , Paresia Puerperal/epidemiologia , Parto , Gravidez , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A woman diagnosed of a renal cell carcinoma in 1989 had a metastatic kidney cancer localised in subcutaneous nodules, gut and lung in 2007. Sorafenib treatment was initiated a 400 mg orally twice a day. The patient developed generalised erythematous skin eruptions and two weeks later a widespread erythematous maculopapular eruption located exclusively on the legs and arms, along with an objective response. The most likely cause of the generalised erythematous skin eruptions was considered to be sorafenib because of the close temporal relationship between exposure to the drug and onset of symptoms. Furthermore, a relationship between sorafenib skin toxicity and treatment efficacy was observed. This therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibitors and cutaneous side effects should be better assessed in large cohorts or trials to determine whether the skin toxicity of patients can be linked to an objective antitumour response.
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Benzenossulfonatos/efeitos adversos , Benzenossulfonatos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Esfoliativa/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Dermatite Esfoliativa/diagnóstico , Toxidermias/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Fenilureia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Sorafenibe , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method has been developed to separate and quantitate naphazoline (NAPH), dyphenhydramine (DIP) and phenylephrine (PHE) in nasal solutions. Samples were diluted 1:25 in ultrapure water and injected at the anodic end. A central composite design has been used to optimise the experimental conditions for a complete and fast separation of the active ingredients studied. Critical parameters such as voltage, pH and buffer concentration have been studied to evaluate how they affect responses such as resolution and migration times. Separation was performed on a silica capillary with 75 microm I.D. and 70 cm total length at an applied voltage of 17.7 kV with a phosphate run buffer of pH 3.72 and 0.063 mol l(-1). Calibration curves were prepared for NAPH, DIP and PHE. For each analyte, the correlation coefficients were >0.999 (n=15). The RSD% of six replicate injections for each analyte were reasonably good. The method was applied to the quantitation of the three components in a commercial dosage form. The proposed method has the advantage of needing a very simple sample pretreatment and being faster than a typical HPLC chromatographic method.
Assuntos
Difenidramina/análise , Nafazolina/análise , Fenilefrina/análise , Administração Intranasal , Algoritmos , Eletroforese Capilar , Excipientes , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Indicadores e Reagentes , Soluções Farmacêuticas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
The use of multivariate spectrophotometric calibration for the simultaneous determination of dexamethasone and two typical excipients (creatinine and propylparaben) in injections is presented. The resolution of the three-component mixture in a matrix of excipients has been accomplished by using partial least-squares (PLS-1). Notwithstanding the elevated degree of spectral overlap, they have been rapidly and simultaneously determined with high accuracy and precision (comparable to the HPLC pharmacopeial method), with no interference, and without resorting to extraction procedures using non-aqueous solvents. A simple and fast method for wavelength selection in the calibration step is used, based on the minimisation of the predicted error sum of squares (PRESS) calculated as a function of a moving spectral window.
Assuntos
Creatinina/análise , Dexametasona/análise , Parabenos/análise , Calibragem , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Indicadores e Reagentes , Análise Multivariada , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
We studied 80 patients to evaluate the safety of the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as a guidance to identify spontaneous echo contrast or atrial thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). 34 out of these patients were men and 46 women, with a mean age of 61 +/- 12 years. Five were not candidates due to the presence of risk factors. 75 patients have undergone electric cardioversion. The duration of AF was < 2 weeks in 61 > or = 2 and < 6 weeks 13, and > or = 6 weeks and < 1 year 6; 24 patients received previous anticoagulant therapy. The echocardiographic findings revealed left atrial dimension 45 +/- 8.4 mm ejection fraction of left ventricle 61 +/- 7.5%, SEC absent in the left atrium of 35, mild in 40 and severe in 5 patients, flow in left atrial appendage in 78 patients, thrombi in 2. EC was performed with 200 Joules in all patients and it was successful in 74. The study lasted 8.7 +/- 5.7 months; 11 patients were recurrent. The predictors were: left atrial dimension > 50 mm (p > 0.05), > 2 EC performed (p = 0.02), > 200 Joules (p = 0.05) and in patients with AF < or = 2 weeks. We concluded that the TEE is beneficial to detect risk factors in patients with AF, and it helps when deciding to perform the EC early and safely without previous anticoagulation.