RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of prolonged administration of the oral NSAIDs phenylbutazone and firocoxib on concentrations of cytokines and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous protein solution (APS). ANIMALS: 6 adult University owned horses. METHODS: Horses were randomized to receive phenylbutazone (1 g, orally, q 12 h) or firocoxib (57 mg, orally, q 24 h) for 6 days. Blood was obtained and processed for APS (Pro-Stride) and PRP (Restigen) before the administration of NSAIDs and at 7 days (1 day following cessation of NSAIDs). Horses underwent a two-week washout period, during which blood was obtained at 14 days and 21 days. The protocol was repeated with a crossover design. PRP and APS were analyzed for concentrations of platelets, leukocytes, and several cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and growth factors (PDGF, FGF-2, and TGF-ß1) using immunoassays. Plasma was evaluated for drug concentrations. RESULTS: No significant differences existed in concentrations of growth factors and cytokines before or after prolonged administration of NSAIDs. There were significant differences in concentrations of leukocytes and platelets in PRP compared to APS, with higher concentrations of leukocytes at the day 7 time point (T) in APS (phenylbutazone) and in concentrations of platelets in APS at T0 (firocoxib) and in APS at T7 (phenylbutazone). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinarians can recommend the administration of these oral NSAIDs prior to obtaining blood for PRP and APS provided a single-day washout period is instituted.
Assuntos
4-Butirolactona , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Citocinas , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Fenilbutazona , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Sulfonas , Animais , Cavalos/sangue , 4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , 4-Butirolactona/administração & dosagem , 4-Butirolactona/farmacologia , Citocinas/sangue , Sulfonas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Fenilbutazona/administração & dosagem , Fenilbutazona/farmacologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/sangue , Administração Oral , Masculino , Estudos Cross-Over , FemininoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a single dose of the NSAIDs phenylbutazone, firocoxib, flunixin meglumine, and ketoprofen on concentrations of growth factors and cytokines in autologous protein solution (APS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). ANIMALS: 6 adult university-owned horses. METHODS: For the first phase, 6 horses were randomized to receive ketoprofen (1,000 mg) or flunixin meglumine (500 mg) IV. Blood was obtained and processed for APS (Pro-Stride) and PRP (Restigen) before and 6 hours after administration of NSAIDs. Horses underwent a 2-week washout period, after which the protocol was repeated using a crossover design. For the second phase, following at least a 2-week washout period, the study protocol was repeated with phenylbutazone (1 g) or firocoxib (57 mg) administered orally. Plasma was collected 6 hours after administration for evaluation of drug concentrations, and APS and PRP were analyzed for concentrations of drug, platelets, leukocytes, and several growth factors and cytokines (PDGF, fibroblast growth factor, TGF-ß1, IL-1ß, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) before and 6 hours after administration of NSAIDs using immunoassays. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in concentrations of cytokines or growth factors before or after administration of any NSAID. There were significant differences in concentrations of leukocytes and platelets based on both product and time. NSAID concentrations in plasma were not significantly different from concentrations in APS and PRP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results help guide clinicians on the appropriate use of these NSAIDs in conjunction with the processing of APS and PRP, which is unlikely to significantly alter the final product after single-dose administration.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Citocinas , Cavalos , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Animais , 4-Butirolactona/administração & dosagem , 4-Butirolactona/efeitos adversos , 4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Cavalos/sangue , Cavalos/metabolismo , Cetoprofeno/administração & dosagem , Cetoprofeno/efeitos adversos , Fenilbutazona/administração & dosagem , Fenilbutazona/efeitos adversos , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas/metabolismo , Sulfonas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonas/efeitos adversos , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was conducted to establish the prerace venous acid-base and blood gas values of Standardbred horses at rest using big data analytics. SAMPLES: Venous blood samples (73,382) were collected during seven racing seasons from 3 regional tracks in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Horses were detained 2 hours prior to race time. PROCEDURES: A mixed-effects linear regression model was used for estimating the marginal model adjusted mean (marginal mean) for all major outcomes. The interaction between age and gender, track, and the interaction between month, treatment (furosemide), and year were the major confounders included in the model. Random effects were set on individual animal nested within trainer. Partial pressure of venous carbon dioxide (PVCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PVO2), and pH were measured, and base excess (BE), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) were calculated. RESULTS: Significant (P < .001) geographical differences in track locations were seen. Seasonal reductions in acid-base values started in January with significant (P < .001) decreases from adjacent months seen in June, July, and August followed by a gradual return. There were significant increases (P < .001) in BE and TCO2 and decreases in PVO2 with age. Significant differences (P < .001) in acid-base values were seen when comparing genders. A population of trainers were significantly different (P < .001) from the marginal mean and considered outliers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In a population of horses, big data analytics was used to confirm the effects of geography, season, prerace furosemide, gender, age, and trainer influence on blood gases and the acid-base profile.