RESUMO

'Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense' (CPB) is a phytoplasma originally discovered in South America and is known to infect a wide variety of economically important crops. It is most prevalent in Hibiscus spp., where it causes witches broom symptoms, and papaya, where it causes bunchy top. Recently, CPB was documented for the first time in North America in a new host, globe sedge. In this study, two quantitative PCR assays are developed: one using high-resolution melt curve analysis (HRMA) based on the secA gene and the other a TaqMan assay based on the dnaK gene. The secA/HRMA and dnaK/TaqMan assay successfully amplified two of the three isolates of CPB. Both assays were screened against available isolates of 16SrI, 16SrII, and 16SrIV phytoplasmas. The secA/HRMA assay failed to amplify 16SrI and 16SrIV phytoplasmas but successfully amplified 16SrII phytoplasmas. The resulting melting point (Tm) products of CPB and 16SrII phytoplasmas displayed a difference of 0.5°C, easily distinguishing them by melt curves. The dnaK/TaqMan assay failed to amplify all non-CPB phytoplasma isolates in the study. The development of these assays provides a valuable tool that will significantly improve monitoring programs in Florida and will aid in developing a better fundamental understanding of the epidemiology of this phytoplasma.

RESUMO

Wildlife diseases have implications for ecology, conservation, human health, and health of domestic animals. They may impact wildlife health and population dynamics. Exposure rates of coyotes (Canis latrans) to pathogens such as Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, may reflect prevalence rates in both rodent prey and human populations. We captured coyotes in north-central New Mexico during 2005-2008 and collected blood samples for serologic surveys. We tested for antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV, Canine morbillivirus), canine parvovirus (CPV, Carnivore protoparvovirus), plague, tularemia (Francisella tularensis), and for canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) antigen. Serum biochemistry variables that fell outside reference ranges were probably related to capture stress. We detected antibodies to parvovirus in 32/32 samples (100%), and to Y. pestis in 26/31 (84%). More than half 19/32 (59%) had antibodies against CDV, and 5/31 (39%) had antibodies against F. tularensis. We did not detect any heartworm antigens (n = 9). Pathogen prevalence was similar between sexes and among the three coyote packs in the study area. Parvovirus exposure appeared to happen early in life, and prevalence of antibodies against CDV increased with increasing age class. Exposure to Y. pestis and F. tularensis occurred across all age classes. The high coyote seroprevalence rates observed for CPV, Y. pestis, and CDV may indicate high prevalence in sympatric vertebrate populations, with implications for regional wildlife conservation as well as risk to humans via zoonotic transmission.

Assuntos

Coiotes , Vírus da Cinomose Canina , Cinomose , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Peste , Tularemia , Yersinia pestis , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Peste/epidemiologia , Peste/veterinária , Tularemia/epidemiologia , Tularemia/veterinária , Cinomose/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , New Mexico , Anticorpos Antivirais , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Animais Selvagens

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with opioid-treated chronic low back pain (CLBP), an understudied area. Participants in a "parent" clinical trial of non-pharmacologic treatments for CLBP were invited to complete a one-time survey on the perceived pandemic impact across several CLBP- and opioid therapy-related domains. Participant clinical and other characteristics were derived from the parent study's data. Descriptive statistics and latent class analysis analyzed quantitative data; qualitative thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. The survey was completed by 480 respondents from June 2020 to August 2021. The majority reported a negative pandemic impact on their life (84.8%), with worsened enjoyment of life (74.6%), mental health (74.4%), pain (53.8%), pain-coping skills (49.7%), and finances (45.3%). One-fifth (19.4%) of respondents noted increased use of prescribed opioids; at the same time, decreased access to medication and overall healthcare was reported by 11.3% and 61.6% of respondents, respectively. Latent class analysis of the COVID-19 survey responses revealed 2 patterns of pandemic-related impact; those with worse pandemic-associated harms (n = 106) had an overall worse health profile compared to those with a lesser pandemic impact. The pandemic substantially affected all domains of relevant health-related outcomes as well as healthcare access, general wellbeing, and financial stability among adults with opioid-treated CLBP. A more nuanced evaluation revealed a heterogeneity of experiences, underscoring the need for both increased overall support for this population and for an individualized approach to mitigate harms induced by pandemic or similar crises.

Assuntos

COVID-19 , Dor Crônica , Dor Lombar , Humanos , Adulto , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , Dor Lombar/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Dor Crônica/terapia

RESUMO

Forest fires in North America are becoming larger in area and burning with higher severity as a result of climate change and land management practices. High-severity, stand-replacement fires can inflict major changes to forest insect communities, potentially extirpating many species through altered post-fire habitat resources. We assessed forest-dwelling macrolepidopteran moth communities in mixed conifer and ponderosa pine forests during the first year after the 2011 Las Conchas fire in New Mexico, USA. We deployed blacklight traps in replicated burned and unburned stands during June, July, and August in 2012. We collected 9,478 individuals, representing 211 species and 8 families. Noctuidae (124 species) and Geometridae (53) comprised the majority of the taxa, followed by Erebidae (21), Sphingidae (5), Notodontidae (3), Lasiocampidae (2), Saturniidae (2), and Drepanidae (1). Moth communities (species composition and abundances) in each forest type (mixed conifer vs. ponderosa pine) were statistically distinguishable, but shared 56.4% (119) of observed species. Overall, compared to unburned forests, post-fire moth communities in both forest types had significantly lower numbers of individuals, species richness and diversity, and lower evenness in ponderosa pine forests. As expected, categorizing moth taxa by larval host plant taxa revealed that reductions of moth populations following fire were associated with the elimination or reduction of available larval host plants (particularly conifers, oaks, and junipers). We predict that future moth community succession will likely parallel the overall transformation from a forested landscape to a montane meadow/grassland ecosystem, with continued reduction in tree-feeding species and increasing dominance by forb/grass-feeding species.

Assuntos

Incêndios , Mariposas , Traqueófitas , Incêndios Florestais , Animais , Ecossistema , New Mexico , Florestas

RESUMO

Mexican Americans have a high prevalence of diabetes and burden of diabetes-related complications, highlighting the need for novel preventive strategies and noninvasive predictors of diabetes risk tailored to this population. Changes in the gut microbiome have the potential to predict diabetes. Here, we aimed to identify alterations in the gut microbiome associated with diabetes in the high-risk population of Mexican Americans in South Texas. Stool samples were collected from 216 subjects from the population-based Cameron County Hispanic Cohort. Among them, 75 had type 2 diabetes. Taxonomic and functional profiling of the stool samples were assessed by 16S and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and the influence of genetic factors was explored. The gut microbiome of subjects with diabetes was enriched with proinflammatory Proteobacteria members (Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia-Shigella) and depleted of butyrate-producing Clostridiales members (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1). The accompanying metagenomic changes in subjects with diabetes suggested dysregulated amino acid metabolism, reduced galacturonate and glucuronate catabolism (correlating with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance), and enriched heme biosynthesis (correlating with Enterobacteriaceae abundance). Polymorphism rs7129790 near MMP27 was strongly associated with high Proteobacteria abundance and was more frequent in this cohort and in individuals of Mexican ancestry than in Europeans. In conclusion, Mexican Americans in South Texas with diabetes display distinct gut microbiome and metagenomic signatures. These signatures may have utility in risk modeling and disease prevention in this high-risk population. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome composition varies across ethnicities and geographical locations, yet studies on diabetes-associated microbiome changes specific to high-risk Mexican Americans are lacking. Here, we aimed to identify specific alterations associated with diabetes in this population, as well as host genetic factors that may explain increased disease susceptibility in this ethnic group. Using samples from a population-based cohort of Mexican Americans with a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes, we confirmed findings from studies on other ethnicities that suggested promotion of a chronic proinflammatory environment, loss of butyrate production, and compromised intestinal barrier integrity. High abundance of proinflammatory Proteobacteria was associated with a polymorphism that was more frequent in this cohort and in individuals of Mexican ancestry than in Europeans. Validation of microbiome-based risk models for diabetes should be evaluated in prospective cohort studies.

Assuntos

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Butiratos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Enterobacteriaceae , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Estudos Prospectivos , Texas/etnologia

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of discomfort among patients with bladder cancer undergoing office-based cystoscopy and identify factors and interventions that influence discomfort and anxiety. METHODS: We conducted a survey of the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network Patient Survey Network (BCAN PSN) to investigate the degree of discomfort associated with office-based cystoscopy and prevalence of interventions used to reduce discomfort. All patients had undergone at least one previous cystoscopy. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with moderate-to-severe cystoscopy discomfort. RESULTS: Among 488 BCAN PSN respondents (50% response rate), 392 responded with demographic data and discomfort score. Cystoscopy was associated with moderate-to-severe discomfort in 52% of patients. Respondents who reported moderate-to-severe discomfort were more likely to describe their most recent cystoscopy discomfort as worse than prior (P<0.001) and to be interested in planning discomfort mitigation for cystoscopy (P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, gender was the only factor independently associated with discomfort, with women reporting less discomfort than men (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.37-0.95,P=0.03). Patients reported a wide variety of cystoscopy-specific interventions with differing perceived effectiveness, the most common being intraurethral lidocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Over half of patients undergoing office-based cystoscopy for bladder cancer report moderate-to-severe discomfort, constituting a substantial problem among patients undergoing the procedure. Future large pragmatic comparative effectiveness trials are needed to better understand which interventions work most effectively to reduce discomfort associated with cystoscopy.

Assuntos

Ansiedade/etiologia , Cistoscopia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Idoso , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Visita a Consultório Médico , Autorrelato

RESUMO

In this data article, we present the spectroscopic structural data of the pottery samples collected from Petén Itzá, Guatemala. Detailed Fourier transmission infrared, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled to electron dispersive X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal gravimetric analysis (FTIR, PXRD, SEM/EDX, and TGA/DTGA) were discussed in the research article titled "Comprehensive Structural and Compositional Investigation of Maya Pottery Sherds from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, Central America" (Onchoke et al. 2020 [1]). The FTIR, XRD profiles and composition of pottery from Petén Itzá, Guatemala are presented. This data is important and useful for further understanding of the structural composition of pottery sherds used by Maya people of Guatemala. In addition, the TGA/DTGA profiles provide information on the content of the losses upon heating and offers supportive evidence to the spectroscopic data studied.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between neonatal brain injury assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes at 2 and 10 years of age, in a longitudinal cohort of children born very preterm. STUDY DESIGN: There were 112 children born at <32 weeks of gestation who participated in a longitudinal prospective study on brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome. Using the Kidokoro score, neonatal brain injury and altered brain growth in white matter, cortical and deep gray matter, and the cerebellum were assessed. Cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes were assessed during follow-up visits at both 2 (corrected) and 10 years of age. RESULTS: After adjusting for perinatal factors and level of maternal education, the global brain abnormality score was associated with cognition (B = -1.306; P = .005), motor skills (B = -3.176; P < .001), and behavior (B = 0.666; P = .005) at 2 years of age, but was not associated with cognition at 10 years of age. In the subgroup of children with a moderate-severe global brain abnormality score, magnetic resonance imaging was independently associated with cognitive impairment at 10 years of age. For children with milder forms of brain injury, only birth weight and level of maternal education were associated with cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal brain injury, assessed by a standardized scoring system, was associated with short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, but only with motor skills and behavior in childhood. Environmental factors, such as level of maternal education, become more important for cognitive development as children grow older, especially for children with relatively mild neonatal brain injury.

Assuntos

Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo

RESUMO

The goal of the current study was to evaluate the impact of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) methylation on structural and fractional anisotropy (FA) corpus callosum (CC) measures. TPPP is involved in the development of white matter tracts in the brain and was implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders in an unbiased whole epigenome methylation study. The cohort included 63 participants (11.73 y/o ±1.91) from a larger study investigating risk and resilience in maltreated children. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to process the structural data, fractional anisotropy (FA) was determined using an atlas-based approach, and DNA specimens were derived from saliva in two batches using the 450 K (N = 39) and 850 K (N = 24) Illumina arrays, with the data from each batch analyzed separately. After controlling for multiple comparisons and relevant covariates (e.g., demographics, brain volume, cell composition, 3 PCs), 850 K derived TPPP methylation values, in interaction with a dimensional measure of children's trauma experiences, predicted left and right CC body volumes and genu, body and splenium FA (p < .007, all comparisons). The findings in the splenium replicated in subjects with the 450 K data. The results extend prior investigations and suggest a role for TPPP in brain changes associated with stress-related psychiatric disorders.

Assuntos

Maus-Tratos Infantis , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Metilação de DNA , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Corpo Caloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino

Assuntos

Faringite , Febre Reumática , Humanos

RESUMO

Two new species, Coelinius carmenae Figueroa, Sánchez, and Kula, n. sp. and Coelinius danielae Figueroa, Sánchez, and Kula, n. sp., from Mexico are described and illustrated. These are the first records of Coelinius sensu Wharton (1994) reported from Mexico. Four Nearctic species, Coelinius mahackemoi (Viereck), stat. rev., Coelinius meromyzae Forbes, stat. rev., Coelinius nigripes Ashmead, stat. rev., and Coelinius occom (Viereck), stat. rev. are returned to Coelinius Nees from Coelinidea Viereck. Coelinius longulus Ashmead, stat. rev. is returned from Lepton Zetterstedt, 1838 nec Turton, 1822 to Coelinius. Coelinius linearis (Provancher), n. comb. is transferred from Coelinidea to Coelinius.

Assuntos

Vespas , Animais , México

RESUMO

IN BRIEF Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes, and deaths from heart disease are two to four times higher among adults with type 2 diabetes. Trials such as the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study, ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes), ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation), and VADT (Veteran's Affairs Diabetes Trial) produced mixed findings regarding whether intensive glycemic control results in improved cardiovascular (CV) outcomes for patients with diabetes. In response to concerns, including the CV safety of the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and subsequently the European Medicines Agency issued guidance that trials should be conducted to prove that antihyperglycemic agents have acceptable CV risk profiles. In this article, the authors review the study designs and results of CV outcomes trials conducted with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and discuss how these may affect clinical practice.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Testosterona/efeitos adversos , Transexualidade/complicações , Pessoas Transgênero , Útero/patologia , Endométrio/fisiopatologia , Endométrio/patologia

RESUMO

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is a major constraint on profitable grapevine cultivation. The virus is transmitted efficiently by mealybugs and soft scale insects, or through vegetative propagation by cuttings, and is present worldwide, wherever grapevines are grown. GLRaV-3 exists as a complex of genetic variants currently classified in several phylogenetic groups that can differ from each other by as much as 30% in nucleotide sequence of the whole genome. In the course of the GLRaV-3 testing of wine grapes in southern Idaho, plants of two grapevine cultivars were found to harbor a novel genetic variant of GLRaV-3, named ID45, which exhibited ≤80% nucleotide sequence identity level to the known GLRaV-3 isolates in its most conserved HSP70h gene. The ID45 variant caused no foliar symptoms in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' in the fall, and was demonstrated to have poor reactivity to commercial virus-specific antibodies. The entire 18,478-nt genome sequence of the GLRaV-3-ID45 was determined using a combination of high-throughput and conventional Sanger sequencing, and demonstrated to have typical organization for the genus Ampelovirus (family Closteroviridae), with only 70 to 77% identity level to the GLRaV-3 genomes from other established phylogroups. We concluded that ID45 represented a new phylogenetic group IX of GLRaV-3. Database search using ID45 nucleotide sequence as a query suggested that this novel ID45 variant is present in at least one other grape-growing state in the U.S., California, and in Brazil. An RT-PCR based test was developed to distinguish ID45 from the predominant GLRaV-3 phylogroup I found in Idaho in single and mixed infections.

Assuntos

Closteroviridae , Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Brasil , California , Closteroviridae/classificação , Closteroviridae/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Idaho , Filogenia

RESUMO

The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was historically distributed throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Extensive predator removal campaigns during the early 20th century, however, resulted in its eventual extirpation by the mid 1980s. At this time, the Mexican wolf existed only in 3 separate captive lineages (McBride, Ghost Ranch, and Aragón) descended from 3, 2, and 2 founders, respectively. These lineages were merged in 1995 to increase the available genetic variation, and Mexican wolves were reintroduced into Arizona and New Mexico in 1998. Despite the ongoing management of the Mexican wolf population, it has been suggested that a proportion of the Mexican wolf ancestry may be recently derived from hybridization with domestic dogs. In this study, we genotyped 87 Mexican wolves, including individuals from all 3 captive lineages and cross-lineage wolves, for more than 172000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We identified levels of genetic variation consistent with the pedigree record and effects of genetic rescue. To identify the potential to detect hybridization with domestic dogs, we compared our Mexican wolf genotypes with those from studies of domestic dogs and other gray wolves. The proportion of Mexican wolf ancestry assigned to domestic dogs was only between 0.06% (SD 0.23%) and 7.8% (SD 1.0%) for global and local ancestry estimates, respectively; and was consistent with simulated levels of incomplete lineage sorting. Overall, our results suggested that Mexican wolves lack biologically significant ancestry with dogs and have useful implications for the conservation and management of this endangered wolf subspecies.

Assuntos

Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Variação Genética , Genoma/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Lobos/genética , Animais , Arizona , Genótipo , Técnicas de Genotipagem/veterinária , México , New Mexico , Filogenia , Lobos/classificação

RESUMO

This study applied a text string search algorithm to ascertain suspect farm tractor or agricultural machinery-related injuries in data sources available for 2000-2014 in the state of Arkansas. The occurrences of tractor or other agricultural machinery-related injuries were compared with data available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). For death certificates that assigned an external cause of death, the authors first collected all those that were coded as related to agricultural machinery, based on search strings for occupation and industry and a description of how the injury occurred. They then inspected each case individually and removed those that were likely unrelated to agricultural machinery. This approach significantly increased (by 7.8 times) the number of suspect agricultural machinery-related fatalities compared to the number reported to CFOI, but there was only a 17% (not statistically significant) increase compared to NCHS. All hospital records with any discharge diagnosis coded as related to agricultural machinery were selected. Descriptive analysis of the fatalities and hospital records showed a significantly increased risk among men above retirement age, peaks during the summer, and an increased risk in the Mississippi delta region. About one-third of the agricultural machinery-related fatalities were due to overturns. The use of the algorithm can improve ascertainment of fatal agricultural machinery-related injuries in Arkansas. The death records were found to be rich in data on the circumstances of the injuries, which can be used to screen for tractor-related fatalities and, if confirmed, translated into action to improve the safety of Arkansas farmers.

RESUMO

Human children will select a novel object from among a group of known objects when presented with a novel object name. This disambiguation by exclusion may facilitate new name-object mappings and may play a role in the rapid word learning shown by young children. Animals including dogs, apes, monkeys, and birds make similar exclusion choices. However, evidence regarding whether children and nonhuman animals learn new associations through choice by exclusion is mixed. In the present study we dissociate choice by exclusion from learning by exclusion in rhesus monkeys using a paired-associate task. In experiment 1, monkeys demonstrated choice by exclusion by choosing a novel comparison image from among known comparison images when presented with a novel sample image. In experiment 2, monkeys failed to benefit from choice by exclusion in learning new sets of paired associates. Monkeys learned new sets of four paired associates by trial and error alone or by a combination of exclusion and trial and error. Despite choosing correctly by exclusion on almost 100% of opportunities, monkeys did not learn any faster by exclusion than by trial and error alone. These results indicate that monkeys chose, but do not learn, through exclusion, highlighting the importance of separately evaluating choice and learning in studies of exclusion in word learning.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of hearing loss after cardiac surgery in infancy, patient and operative factors associated with hearing loss, and the relationship of hearing loss to neurodevelopmental outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Audiologic and neurodevelopmental evaluations were conducted on 348 children who underwent repair of congenital heart disease at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia as part of a prospective study evaluating neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4 years of age. A prevalence estimate was calculated based on presence and type of hearing loss. Potential risk factors and the impact of hearing loss on neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of hearing loss was 21.6% (95% CI, 17.2-25.9). The prevalence of conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and indeterminate hearing loss were 12.4% (95% CI, 8.8-16.0), 6.9% (95% CI, 4.1-9.7), and 2.3% (95% CI, 0.6-4.0), respectively. Only 18 of 348 subjects (5.2%) had screened positive for hearing loss before this study and 10 used a hearing aid. After adjusting for patient and operative covariates, younger gestational age, longer postoperative duration of stay, and a confirmed genetic anomaly were associated with hearing loss (all P < .01). The presence of hearing loss was associated with worse language, cognition and attention (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the prevalence of hearing loss in preschool children after heart surgery in infancy may be 20-fold higher than in the 1% prevalence seen in the general population. Younger gestational age, presence of a genetic anomaly, and longer postoperative duration of stay were associated with hearing loss. Hearing loss was associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Assuntos

Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

Coastal wetland responses to sea-level rise are greatly influenced by biogeomorphic processes that affect wetland surface elevation. Small changes in elevation relative to sea level can lead to comparatively large changes in ecosystem structure, function, and stability. The surface elevation table-marker horizon (SET-MH) approach is being used globally to quantify the relative contributions of processes affecting wetland elevation change. Historically, SET-MH measurements have been obtained at local scales to address site-specific research questions. However, in the face of accelerated sea-level rise, there is an increasing need for elevation change network data that can be incorporated into regional ecological models and vulnerability assessments. In particular, there is a need for long-term, high-temporal resolution data that are strategically distributed across ecologically-relevant abiotic gradients. Here, we quantify the distribution of SET-MH stations along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast (USA) across political boundaries (states), wetland habitats, and ecologically-relevant abiotic gradients (i.e., gradients in temperature, precipitation, elevation, and relative sea-level rise). Our analyses identify areas with high SET-MH station densities as well as areas with notable gaps. Salt marshes, intermediate elevations, and colder areas with high rainfall have a high number of stations, while salt flat ecosystems, certain elevation zones, the mangrove-marsh ecotone, and hypersaline coastal areas with low rainfall have fewer stations. Due to rapid rates of wetland loss and relative sea-level rise, the state of Louisiana has the most extensive SET-MH station network in the region, and we provide several recent examples where data from Louisiana's network have been used to assess and compare wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise. Our findings represent the first attempt to examine spatial gaps in SET-MH coverage across abiotic gradients. Our analyses can be used to transform a broadly disseminated and unplanned collection of SET-MH stations into a coordinated and strategic regional network. This regional network would provide data for predicting and preparing for the responses of coastal wetlands to accelerated sea-level rise and other aspects of global change.

Assuntos

Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental/normas , Água do Mar , Áreas Alagadas , Alabama , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Florida , Golfo do México , Serviços de Informação/organização & administração , Serviços de Informação/normas , Louisiana , Mississippi , Projetos de Pesquisa/normas , Estudos de Amostragem , Texas

RESUMO

This is the final report on the moss flora of the Bío-Bío Region (Región VIII) in south-central Chile where collections were made in 2001-2003. Reported in this paper are one species new to South America, four species new to Chile and 16 species new to the Region. With these new additions the total number of taxa in the Bío-Bío Region is 343, corresponding to 331 species and 12 infraspecific taxa. A complete checklist of the mosses for all the provinces in the Region is presented.