RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The history of physiotherapy in Latin America has received little attention thus far in the English-speaking literature. In this paper, we draw on narratives from activists, educators, and professional leaders who have been instrumental in shaping the development of physiotherapy in Argentina, Colombia, and Ecuador. Physiotherapists in the Latin American countries faced many similar challenges, including developing physiotherapy in the shadow of medicine, overcoming conservative attitudes toward women professionals, and frequent social upheaval. AIMS: The paper explores the disputed story of physiotherapy's origins in the polio epidemics, the influence of Swedish remedial gymnastics, and the educational colonialism of North American and European educators. We examine some of the effects of social unrest and trauma, military rule, and economic instability on the professions attempts to establish itself in the face of competition from other professions allied to medicine. And we consider the efforts taken to establish the profession's autonomy and its shifting relationship with the state. METHODS: We employed two different methods for data collection to explore aspects of physiotherapy's history in Latin America from a political and socio-cultural context: 1) A reconstruction of memories from activist physiotherapists in Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina, who have seen, lived, and promoted the development of physiotherapy in their own countries, gleaned from in-depth interviews; and 2) Analysis of secondary sources. Data were analyzed following the method described by Maynes, Pierce, and Laslett (2008), exploring personal narratives. Textual data were analyzed using documentary research (Prior, 2003) using thematic analysis, to inductively discover, and describe relevant themes about the two main guiding study questions. A constant comparative method as outlined by Boeije (2002) was used to form categories, establish boundaries, and discerning conceptual similarities between participants' narrative. RESULTS: Five physiotherapists were interviewed. One from Colombia, two from Argentina and two from Ecuador. Three main themes were identified: 'A Female Profession?', 'training and education', and 'Present Day in Argentina, Ecuador, and Colombia'. Tensions between the interests of the State, professionals, patients, cultures, urban and rural services, and practices are prevalent throughout physiotherapy in Argentina, Colombia, and Ecuador. Operating within these tensions is very much the reality for physiotherapists in Latin America today. CONCLUSION: Multiple histories emerge from the research, opening up a space for a more nuanced, polyphonic reading of physiotherapy in Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina than has been heard to date.
Assuntos
Fisioterapeutas/educação , Fisioterapeutas/história , Especialidade de Fisioterapia/educação , Especialidade de Fisioterapia/história , Argentina , Colômbia , Equador , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , HumanosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. Para el fisioterapeuta, incorporar la necesidad de identificar su discurso como un detonante para la trasformación de sujetos se hace esencial a partir de su función comunicativa, significativa y estética. Objetivo. Develar la subjetividad del fisioterapeuta colombiano que existe en su propio discurso en el ámbito clínico. Materiales y métodos. La búsqueda de un enfoque cualitativo hermenéutico se realizó en más de cincuenta textos, incluyendo libros, revistas, consultas en red y módulos de maestría con fuentes desde 1996. También se obtuvo información a partir de entrevistas con fisioterapeutas clínicos con más de diez años de experiencia en el campo clínico. El ejercicio de interpretación de dichos textos, en relación con los sujetos, se realizó en tres etapas: una descriptiva, otra hermenéutica y una de construcción teórica. Lo anterior permitió establecer tres métodos para la adquisición de la información: entrevistas, grabación de doble ciego y grupos de discusión. En este sentido, se analizaron los contenidos de los discursos del fisioterapeuta clínico, desde la oralidad y lo cinético, hallando regularidades en su contenido y proporcionando categorías características del ejercicio profesional. Conclusión. Se creó un espacio documental y reflexivo en el que se consignó el estado del arte del concepto de discurso en fisioterapia y su descripción e interpretación (lo decible y lo no decible) del fisioterapéutico clínico. Por lo tanto, los dos discursos se entendieron como fruto de verse, narrarse y juzgarse, teniendo en cuenta la incidencia que tienen en la constitución de la subjetividad del fisioterapeuta puesta en práctica en su desempeño profesional.
Abstract Introduction: For physiotherapists, incorporating the need to identify their discourse as a trigger for the transformation of individuals is essential, taking into account its communicative, meaningful and aesthetic function. Objective: To unveil the subjectivity in the discourse of Colombian physiotherapists in a clinical context. Materials and methods: The search for a hermeneutical qualitative approach was performed in more than fifty texts including books, journals, web searches and master's courses since 1996. Information was also obtained from interviews with clinical therapists with more than ten years of clinical experience. The interpretation of these texts, in relation to individuals, was conducted in three stages: descriptive, hermeneutical and theoretical construction, which allowed establishing interviews, double-blind recordings and discussion groups as methods for acquiring information. In this sense, the contents of the discourses by clinical physiotherapist were analyzed based on orality and kinetics, finding regularities and providing categories of professional practice. Conclusion: A document review and reflective space were created to record the state of the art on physiotherapy discourse and the way it describes and interprets (the speakable and the unspeakable) a clinical physiotherapist. Therefore, the two discourses are understood as the result of being seen, narrated and judged, taking into account the impact they have on the constitution of the subjectivity of the physiotherapist when put into practice in their professional performance.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción. La quemadura pediátrica es una problemática de salud pública en Latinoamérica, no ajena al quehacer del fisioterapeuta. Sin embargo, la revisión del estado del arte de la intervención fisioterapéutica en niños quemados evidencia escasa producción investigativa. Por eso, existe la necesidad de plantear lineamientos que orienten la intervención en el niño quemado y que rescaten la experiencia de fisioterapeutas dedicados a la atención de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Formular una propuesta de intervención fisioterapéutica en niños quemados a partir de la práctica basada en la experiencia Materiales y métodos. Investigación de tipo cualitativo, fenomenológico y exploratorio, realizada en tres momentos: primero, identificación del estado del arte; segundo, sistematización de la experiencia de un colectivo profesional, y tercero, trabajo observacional de campo en la unidad de quemados de una institución de salud de tercer nivel de atención del país. Además, se emplearon entrevistas semi-estructuradas, etnografías y el software SPSS para la recolección y análisis de resultados. Resultados. Se presenta el estado del arte, las entrevistas realizadas a un colectivo experto y las etnografías, producto de la observación participativa. A partir de ellos, se realiza una propuesta de lineamientos de intervención fisioterapéutica para el niño quemado. Conclusión. Los lineamientos de intervención fisioterapéutica para el niño quemado, desde la memoria viva de los profesionales, aportan al fisioterapeuta herramientas para cuestionar los criterios sobre los cuales se soporta la atención. Así mismo, estimulan a la comunidad científica y académica a producir nuevas investigaciones.
Abstract Introduction: Pediatric burn is a public health problem in Latin America, no stranger to the work of the physiotherapist. However, after reviewing the state of the art on physiotherapy intervention in burnt children, little evidence of research production was found. Therefore, there is a need to establish guidelines to direct intervention in burnt children, which compile the experiences of physiotherapists dedicated to the care of these patients. Objective: To formulate a proposal for physiotherapy intervention in burnt children based on the experience obtained during practice. Materials and Methods: Qualitative, exploratory and phenomenological research held in three stages: first, identification of the state of the art; second, systematization of the experience of a professional group; and third, observational fieldwork at the Burn Unit of a tertiary care health institution in the country. In addition, semi-structured interviews, ethnographies and SPSS software for data collection and analysis results were used. Results: The state of the art, interviews with an expert group and ethnographies, product of collective observation, are presented. Taking these facts into account, guidelines for physiotherapy intervention of burnt children are proposed. Conclusion: Physiotherapy intervention guidelines for burnt children, based on the living memory of professionals, provide to physiotherapists with tools to question the criteria on which care is supported; likewise, they encourage the scientific and academic community to produce new research.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción. El cambio de paradigmas del cuerpo en el deporte, del cuerpo máquina al embodiment del deportista, requiere comprender el cuerpo vivido, la experiencia encarnada del ciclista, durante su proceso formativo. Objetivo. Comprender el sentido y significado de la corporeidad de ciclistas profesionales colombianos durante su proceso formativo. Materiales y métodos. El estudio fue cualitativo de tipo histórico-hermenéutico, por medio de biografía con entrevista abierta a cuatro ciclistas profesionales colombianos, tres hombres y una mujer nacidos entre 1987 y 1990. Se utilizó el software Atlas Ti 7.0. La categoría principal de análisis fue el embodiment desde las potencialidades y los desgastes. Resultados. Se identificaron potencialidades y desgastes en la corporeidad de los ciclistas durante el proceso formativo. Las categorías relacionadas con la corporeidad de los ciclistas fueron: historicidad del proceso formativo, soporte, orientación, entorno, causas y efectos. El sistema categorial permitió identificar las tendencias, relacionar las categorías e interpretar la corporeidad como expresión del cuerpo vivido. Conclusión. La corporeidad narrada significa la vida de los ciclistas y da sentido a sus vivencias en la identidad del cuerpo ciclista. Se debe reconocer el cuerpo vivido como expresión única de lo humano en movimiento y su abordaje desde la determinación social.
Abstract Introduction: The shift of body paradigms in sports, from an athlete's body machine to embodiment, requires understanding of the lived body, that is, the embodied experience of cyclists during their formative process. Objective: To understand the meaning and significance of embodiment of professional Colombian cyclists during their formative process. Materials and methods: This is a historical-hermeneutical qualitative study conducted through an open interview with four professional Colombian cyclists, three men and a woman, born between 1987 and 1990. The Atlas Ti 7.0 software was used. The main category of analysis was the embodiment perceived from potential and burnout. Results: Potentials and burnout on cyclists' embodiment were identified during the training process. Categories related to embodiment of cyclists were historicity of the training process, support, guidance, environment, causes and effects. The categorical system identified trends, related categories and interpreted embodiment as an expression of a lived body. Conclusion: The narration of embodiment represents the life of the cyclists and gives meaning to their experiences. The lived body must be recognized as a unique expression of the human in motion and its approach must be given by a social determination perspective.