RESUMO
Se determinó la prevalencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población que acudió a 10 centros departamentales de Aprofam durante 2006-2011, la que se analizó por género, edad y etnia. La prevalencia se determinó como tasa ajustada y los datos se analizaron con las características socioeconómicas de cada región. De 10,075 registros de pacientes se encontró una prevalencia del 66.83%, obteniéndose la mayor en la población ladina (54.79%), en el género femenino (53.07%) y en el grupo de edad comprendido entre los 20 a 39 años (18.35%). Se encontró asociación significativa entre la presencia de infección y la etnia (p = .001) y entre el género e infección (p < .05). La mayor tasa de infección se encontró en los departamentos de Guatemala (77.25%), Quezaltenango (74.80%) e Izabal (72.79%). La tasa ajustada por cada departamento se comparó con la distribución de la pobreza, encontrando una correspondencia con los departamentos de Alta Verapaz, Chimaltenango y Jutiapa. Posteriormente se correlacionó con los índices de desarrollo humano (IDH) de salud, educación y de ingreso, encontrándose una relación inversa no significativa entre el IDH de salud y la tasa de infección (r = -.047, p > .025).
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the population who attended 10 departmental centers of Aprofam during 2006 -2011 was determined and analyzed by gender, age and ethnicity. For each center, the prevalence of H. pylori infection as adjusted rate was calculated and analyzed within the socioeconomic characteristics of each region. A total of 10,075 patient records were included and the overall prevalence of infection found was 66.83%, being the highest prevalence among the ladino population (54.79%), females (53.07%%) and the group aged from 20 to 39 years (18.35 %). A statistically significant association between the presence of infection and ethnicity (p = .001) and also with gender (< 0.05) was found. The highest rate of infection was found in the departments of Guatemala (77.25%), Quezaltenango (74.80%) and Izabal (72.79%). The adjusted rate for each department was related to poverty distribution finding a coincidence with Alta Verapaz, Chimaltenango and Jutiapa. No significance was found in the correlation with human development index (HDI) of health, education and income only an inverse relationship between the HDI-health and infection rate (r = - .047, p > .025).
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Prevalência , Helicobacter pylori , Epidemiologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Indicadores de DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chemoradiation with cisplatin is considered the standard of care for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer; however, cisplatin could be difficult to use in aged patients or patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and blood hypertension; hence, it is important to investigate nonplatinum drugs for radiosensitization. In addition, oral cytotoxics may overcome the drawbacks of intravenous infusions and could be of easier administration. METHODS: In this small randomized trial, we tested cisplatin against oral vinorelbine as radiosensitizers in these patients. A total of 39 patients 65 years or older or diabetic and hypertensive patients of any age were randomized to cisplatin or oral vinorelbine at 40 mg/m² or 60 mg/m², respectively. Both drugs were administered weekly for 6 courses during pelvic external-beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy radiation. Efficacy and safety were assessed. RESULTS: Nineteen patients received oral vinorelbine, and 20 patients received cisplatin. The median cumulative dose to point A was 80.8 Gy for both groups, and the overall treatment time was 48 (42-54) and 50 (43-55) days for vinorelbine and cisplatin groups, respectively. Patients in both arms received a median of 5 applications of chemotherapy. Treatment was well tolerated in both arms. The most frequent toxicity in both arms was lymphopenia grades 2 and 3. At a median follow-up time of 16 months (4-19), there were no differences in either progression-free survival or overall survival between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that these patient populations can safely be treated with either cisplatin or navelbine as radiosensitizers; however, a larger randomized study is needed to demonstrate the noninferiority of oral vinorelbine as an easier and practical alternative for radiosensitization in cervical cancer.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Radiossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Administração Oral , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Comorbidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/radioterapia , Vimblastina/administração & dosagem , Vimblastina/análogos & derivados , VinorelbinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In our country breast cancer represents a major health problem. Only 45% of all population has access to health services, the consequence is delay in diagnosis and treatment. In Mexico, 66% of all new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in locally advanced stages. From May 2007 the Health System Protection Against Catastrophic Expenses, called Seguro Popular (SP), breast cancer was included in covering the treatment of this neoplasm in any patient without access to social security. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results and impact of SP in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of a group of patients diagnosed with breast cancer at an institution of national reference. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed a group of 259 patients in stages (I-IIIC). The clinical stages I and II (55 patients) were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy FAC -T (fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 (FAC) followed by 12 weeks of paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 +/- trastuzumab loading dose of 4 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg); 204 patients in locally advanced stages (IIB-IIIC) received FAC-T +/- trastuzumab followed by surgery. Adjuvant treatment consisted of endocrine therapy for hormone-sensitive patients and radiotherapy 50 cGy according to international standards. RESULTS: The age at diagnosis was 47 years (range 23-68). 80% of them were locally advanced stages (IIB-IIIC) and were treated in a neoadjuvant setting, 20% was in early stages, treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy The disease-free survival and overall survival at 30 months was 85.7 and 90% respectively. Overall pathologic complete response was obtained in 15% of cases. In the subgroup analysis showed that 41% of patients HER2 (+), 29% of triple-negative patients and 9% of hormone-sensitive tumors achieved complete pathological response (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This is the first analysis of efficacy of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment in breast cancer since the introduction of popular secure non-entitled population. It is clear that treatment efficacy is similar to that reported in the literature, with 15% of pRC and survival to 30 months in 94-80%. The coverage of health expenditures treats a larger number of patients optimally. Along with this, efforts should be made to reduce the high frequency of diagnosis at advanced stage.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Seguro Médico Ampliado , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/economia , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Estrogênios , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Genes erbB-2 , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Mastectomia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/terapia , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Progesterona , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Trastuzumab , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Globally, cervical cancer primarily affects socially disadvantaged women. Five randomized trials were the foundation for adopting cisplatin-based chemotherapy during radiation as the standard of care for high-risk patients after primary radical hysterectomy who require adjuvant radiation and for locally advanced patients treated with definitive radiation. These results were obtained in clinical trials performed in carefully prepared academic centers; hence, we sought to determine whether these results could be reproduced when patients were treated on an out-of-protocol basis. METHODS: We reviewed the files of 294 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received radiation plus weekly cisplatin as routine management between 1999 to 2003, and analyzed treatment compliance, response rate, toxicity, and survival. RESULTS: A total of 294 patients who received radiation and cisplatin were analyzed. Mean age was 43.8 years (range, 26-68 years). The majority of cases were squamous cell carcinoma (87.8%), and distribution according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage was as follows: IB2-IIA, 23%; IIB, 53.3%, and IIIB, 23%; there were only two IVA cases. Overall, 96% of patients completed external beam, and intracavitary therapy. The majority of patients (67%) received the planned six courses of weekly cisplatin. Complete responses were achieved in 243 (83%) patients, whereas 51 (17%) had either persistent (32 patients, 10.8%) or progressive (19 patients, 6.4%) disease. At median follow-up (28 months; range, 2-68 months), 36 patients (12.2%) have relapsed (locally 30.5, and systemically, 69.5%). The most common toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal, in the majority of cases considered mild-moderate. At median follow-up (28 months; range, 2-68 months), overall and progression-free survival are 76.5 and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results support use of chemoradiation with six weekly applications of cisplatin at 40 mg/m2 during external radiation for routine management of locally advanced cervical cancer.
RESUMO
The prognosis of cervical cancer patients with renal failure secondary to obstructive uropathy is poor. Our objective was to analyze our experience in the management with chemoradiation of untreated cervical cancer patients complicated by obstructive nephropathy and kidney dysfunction. Untreated patients with cervical cancer and renal failure as manifested by raised serum creatinine were treated with pelvic radiotherapy concurrently with weekly gemcitabine at 300 mg/m2. Response, toxicity and renal function pre- and post-therapy were evaluated. Eight FIGO stage IIIB and one IVB patients were treated. Pre-treatment serum creatinine ranged from 1.6 to 18.5 mg/100 ml (median 3.3, mean 6.8) and creatinine clearance varied from 4 to 57 mg/ml/min (median 17, mean 22.1). Four patients had a percutaneous nephrostomy placed and four patients had symptoms from kidney failure. All patient completed chemoradiation. Most patients had grade 3 leukopenia and neutropenia. Dermatitis, colitis and proctitis were common. All patients had improvement in creatinine clearance (pre-therapy 22.78, post-therapy 54.3 mg/ml/min) (p=0.0058) and all but one normalized serum creatinine. Eight (89%) of nine patients achieved complete response and one patient had persistence. At a median follow-up of 11 months (range 6-14), all patients are alive, one with pelvic and another with systemic disease. Ureteral obstruction causing any degree of renal insufficiency should not be a contraindication to receive chemoradiation to attempt cure. In this setting where cisplatin-based therapy is contraindicated, the use of gemcitabine may be considered.
Assuntos
Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Insuficiência Renal/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/radioterapia , Braquiterapia/métodos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Creatinina/sangue , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/toxicidade , Esquema de Medicação , Avaliação de Medicamentos/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Testes de Função Renal/métodos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Radiossensibilizantes/administração & dosagem , Radiossensibilizantes/efeitos adversos , Radiossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Obstrução Uretral/complicações , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/complicações , GencitabinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Chemoradiation based on cisplatin, most commonly weekly, is the standard treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer; however, the nephrotoxic potential and the requirement for hydration of cisplatin somewhat restrains its use. The objective of this study was to determine the recommended dose of carboplatin when administered weekly during pelvic radiation (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-four histologically proven, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IIIB patients were treated with standard pelvic RT concurrently with six weekly applications of carboplatin at the following dose levels: 100 mg/m(2), 116 mg/m(2), 133 mg/m(2), and 150 mg/m(2). Six patients per level were treated. Acute toxicity was assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. The recommended dose was defined as the one that was one level below the level at which dose-limiting toxicity was present in more than one-third of patients. RESULTS: Between September 2001 and July 2002, 24 patients were accrued. All but two completed external beam radiotherapy and intracavitary treatment. The treatment was well tolerated. The median number of weekly applications of carboplatin was six, and the mean dose to points A and B was 85.6 Gy (range 75.2-91.6) and 62.9 Gy (range 58.2-74.6), respectively. RT was delivered within 41.7 days (range 33-70). Dose-limiting toxicity (leukopenia and/or neutropenia) was present in 50% of patients treated at the higher dose level (150 mg/m(2)). At the recommended dose of 133 mg/m(2), 33% of patients presented with Grade 3 leukopenia. At treatment completion, 75% of patients had a complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: Carboplatin at 133 mg/m(2), weekly for 6 weeks, is a well tolerated and effective radiosensitizer in cervical cancer patients.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
Induction chemotherapy followed by surgery, particularly with newer agents or combinations, remains to be explored in locally advanced cervical cancer. Gemcitabine cisplatin is a very active combination for this tumor, therefore we explored the activity of gemcitabine in combination with oxaliplatin. Ten untreated patients with histologic diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and staged as IB2 to IIIB were treated with 3 21-day courses of oxaliplatin 130 mg/m day 1 and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m days 1 and 8 followed by locoregional treatment with either surgery or concomitant chemoradiation. Response and toxicity were evaluated at the end of chemotherapy. All patients were evaluable. The overall clinical response rate was 80%, being complete in 3 patients (30%) and partial in 5 (50%). Seven (70%) patients underwent surgery, and three (30%) had chemoradiation as definitive treatment. Hematologic toxicity was moderate, with leukopenia grades III-IV in 17 and 0%; granulocytopenia grades III-IV in 23 and 3%, respectively. Eight patients had grade I oropharyngeal toxicity. At a median follow-up of 11 months (range: 10-12), all patients are disease free. Gemcitabine oxaliplatin is a very active and well-tolerated combination for locally advanced cervical cancer.