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Nanocomposites and a composite based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were synthesized using commercial copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), copper/cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu|Cu2O-NPs), and copper sulfate (CuSO4), respectively. The Cu|Cu2O-NPs were synthesized using chemical reduction and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesis of Cu|Cu2O-NPs yielded a mixture of Cu and Cu2O, with metal Cu having a spherical morphology of approximately 40 nm in diameter and Cu2O with a diameter of 150 nm. To prepare the nanocomposites (NCs) and the composite material (MC), the NPs and the CuSO4 salt were incorporated into the PBAT matrix in concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% p/p via an ex situ method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and agar diffusion assays were used for structural, thermomechanical, and antimicrobial characterization. Results showed that the reinforcements did not modify the chemical structure of the PBAT and only slightly increased the percentage of crystallization. The mechanical and thermal properties of the PBAT did not change much with the addition of fillers, except for a slight increase in tensile strength and thermal stability, respectively. The agar diffusion antimicrobial assays showed that the NCs and MCs had good inhibitory responses against the nonresistant strains Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus. The MCs based on CuSO4 had the highest biocidal effect, even against the resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Introducción: el cáncer cutáneo es un problema de salud pública. Múltiples factores influyen en el desarrollo de esta neoplasia. El nortede Chile y particularmente Arica, tienen condiciones diferentes al restodel país, presentan mayores niveles de radiación solar, elevada foto exposición y un importante número de población amerindia. Objetivo: Determinar las tasas de incidencia de Carcinoma Basocelular (CBC),Carcinoma Espinocelular CEC y Melanoma Maligno (MM) en la población beneficiaria del Hospital Regional de Arica entre 2007 y 2011 ycaracterizar los tumores utilizando variables clínicas e histopatológicas. Metodología: Se analizaron 22.787 informes histopatológicos de biopsiasen el Hospital Regional de Arica, durante los años 2007 - 2011.Se obtuvieron 288 informes compatibles con cáncer de piel. Se analizaronlas variables de sexo, edad, raza, localización anatómica y tipo histológico. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante test de Fisher considerando un valor de p menor a 0,05 significativo. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 183 pacientes (64%) con CBC, 93 (32%) con CEC y 12 (4%)de MM. Las tasas de incidencia en total presentaron fluctuaciones,con un patrón decreciente, en CBC (44,03/ 100.000 en 2007, a 13.68/100.000 en 2011) y CEC (16,08/100.000 en 2007 a 8,92/ 100.000 en2011). La localización más frecuente fue cabeza y cuello, 154 pacientespara CBC (84%) y 44 con CEC (47%). En cuanto MM la ubicación más frecuente fue tronco en varones y extremidades superiores e inferiores,en mujeres...
Introduction: skin cancer is a public health problem. Multiplefactors contribute to its appearance. Northern Chile, particularly Arica, has different conditions to the rest of the countryand showed higher levels of solar radiation, a higher sunexposure and a significant number of Amerindian population. Objetive: Determine the incidence rates of Basal Cell Carcinoma( BCC), Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Malignantmelanoma (MM ) in the target population of Arica RegionalHospital, between 2007 and 2011 and characterize the skintumors according to the clinical and histopathological variables. Methodology: 22,787 histopathological reports from the Regional Hospital of Arica, during 2007-2011 were analyzed.288 reports compatible with skin cancer (BCC, SCC and MM)were obtained. For each tumor the variables of sex, age, race,anatomical location and histological type were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed by the test of Fisher. Results:183 patients, 64% BCC, 32 % SCC and 4% MM wereobtained. Incidence rates of all skin cancer showed fluctuations with decreasing pattern in BCC (ranging from 44.03 /100,000 in 2007, to 13.68 / 100,000 in 2011) and SCC (rangingfrom 16.08 / 100,000 the year 2007 to 8.92 / 100,000 in2011). The most frequent location was head and neck, 154for BCC (84%) and 44 with SCC (47%). The most frequent location of MM was trunk in males and upper and lower limbsin females...
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Basocelular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Chile , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Incidência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Depression is a risk factor for developing secondary post-traumatic stress disorder. The earthquake on February 27th, 2010, destroyed the Hospital of Curicó. Despite the prevailing chaos, patients in treatment for severe depression actively maintained their treatment from the first post-earthquake working day AIM: To determine prevalence of acute stress (AS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the earthquake among women in treatment for severe depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy five women aged 20 to 73 years in treatment for depression for at least six months before the oceurrence of the earthquake, who continued in follow up after the event, were studied. According to the Tenth International Classification of Diseases, the frequency of AS was assessed during the consultation oceurring one month after the event and the frequency of PTSD was assessed during the consultation oceurring six months after the event. RESULTS: Fifty nine percent of women had AS symptoms at the first month and 53.3% had PTSD, six months later. AS was significantly associated with a low educational level. PTSD was significantly associated with prior oceurrence of AS and a history of childhood trauma history. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequeney of PTSD was observed in this group of depressive patients, which was significantly associated with a history of previous AS and childhood trauma.
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Depressão/psicologia , Terremotos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Chile/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective: To reveal the impact on the global clinical status and post-traumatic symptoms evolution in women in treatment for severe depression in the Hospital of Curicó, who confronted the F-27 earthquake. Methodology: 75 women in treatment for severe depression were evaluated from the first working day after the catastrophe. According to the ICD-10, acute stress (AS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were clinically determined. The routinary use of the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) allowed the monitoring of the clinical status before and after the earthquake. The eight-item treatment-outcome post-traumatic stress disorder scale (TOP-8) was applied twice, at the first and sixth months. Results: AS: 58.7 percent, PTSD: 53.3 percent. Significant deterioration in CGI was observed one month post-event (X² = 3.88; p < 0.05) and an ostensible improvement six months later (X² = 4.65; p < 0.04). The post-traumatic symptoms did not improve significantly. More severe CGI immediately after the earthquake was significantly associated to AS (X² = 13.794; p < 0.008) and to the subsequent development of PTSD (X² = 16.437; p < 0.002). More severe CGI after six months was correlated significantly with previous AS (X² = 15.849; p < 0.003), with PTSD (X² = 17.780; p < 0.001) and with records of childhood trauma (X² = 18.431; p<0.01). Conclusions: After a significant clinical deterioration observed immediately post disaster, at six month the CGI improved the CGI, while post-traumatic symptoms did not. There was no increase in suicidal behavior. Records of childhood trauma were associated with significant aggravation of the CGI six months after the earthquake...
Objetivo: Conocer la evolución clínica global y de síntomas postraumáticos en mujeres enfrentadas al terremoto del 27-F que se encontraban en tratamiento por depresión severa en el Hospital de Curicó. Metodología: 75 mujeres en tratamiento por depresión severa fueron evaluadas a contar del primer día hábil post-catástrofe. Conforme a la CIE-10, se determinó clínicamente estrés agudo (EA) durante el primer mes y postraumático (TEPT) a los seis meses. El uso rutinario de la escala de impresión clínica global (CGI) permitió monitorear el estado clínico desde antes del terremoto. La escala de 8 ítems para la evaluación del trastorno de estrés post-traumático (TOP-8) fue aplicada al primer y sexto mes post-desastre. Resultados: Las prevalencias encontradas fueron: EA 58,7 por ciento y TEPT 53,3 por ciento. Se observó deterioro significativo en CGI al primer mes post- evento (X² = 3,88; p = 0,05) y una ostensible mejoría a los seis meses (X² = 4,65; p = 0,04). No mejoraron significativamente los síntomas postraumáticos. Estados más graves inmediatamente después del terremoto se asociaron significativamente a EA (X² = 13,794; p = 0,008) y a desarrollo posterior de TEPT (X² = 16,437; p = 0,002). Estados más graves a los seis meses se correlacionaron significativamente con EA previo (X² = 15,849; p = 0,003), TEPT X² = 17,780; p = 0,001) y antecedentes de trauma infantil (X² = 18,431;p = 0,01). Conclusiones: Luego del agravamiento clínico inicial post-terremoto, a los seis meses no mejoraron significativamente los síntomas postraumáticos de las pacientes, pero mejoró la CGI y no se observó un aumento de conductas suicidas. El antecedente de trauma infantil se asoció a un deterioro significativo de la CGI a los seis meses post-terremoto...
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Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terremotos , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Chile , Evolução Clínica , Prevalência , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologiaRESUMO
Background: Depression is a risk factorfor developing secondary post-traumatic stress disorder. The earthquake on February 27th, 2010, destroyed the Hospital of Curicó. Despite the prevailing chaos, patients in treatment for severe depression actively maintained their treatment from the first post-earthquake workingday Aim: To determine prevalence of acute stress (AS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the earthquake amongwomen in treatment for severe depression. Material and Methods: Seventy five women aged 20 to 73 years in treatment for depression for at least six months before the oceurrence of the earthquake, who continued in follow up after the event, were studied. According to the Tenth International Classification ofDiseases, thefrequency ofAS was assessed duringthe consultation oceurring one month after the event and thefrequency ofPTSD was assessed during the consultation oceurring six months after the event. Results: Fifty nine percent of women hadAS symptoms at thefirst month and 53.3% had PTSD, six months later. AS was signifi cantly associated with a low educational level. PTSD was significantly associated with prior oceurrence of AS and a history of childhood trauma history. Conclusions: A high frequeney ofPTSD was observed in thisgroup of depressive patients, which was significantly associated with a history ofprevious AS and childhood trauma.
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Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/psicologia , Terremotos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Chile/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/terapia , Prevalência , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologiaRESUMO
Nuestra piel tiene propiedades de elasticidad y firmeza, dada por las fibras del tejido conectivo ubicadas en la dermis. La elasticidad está dada principalmente por pequeñas fibraselásticas compuestas de elastina, mientras que la firmeza se explica por las redes de fibrillas de colágeno tipo I, III y V. La relevancia de estos componentes de la matriz extracelular, junto con otras fibras, como fibrilina y fibulina, se ha reflejado en el reconocimiento de diferentes enfermedades hereditarias causadas por mutaciones en estas proteínas. Muchas de éstas pueden tener características comunes, constituyendo un espectro de alteraciones, dependiendo de la proteína alterada, dando un pronóstico particular tanto en morbilidad y mortalidad. En esta revisión se desarrollarán las principales patologías de la dermis de importancia en dermatología.
Our skin is flexible and firm due to the fibers of the connective tissue in the dermis. Flexibility is mainly given by little elastic elastine fibers, meanwhile firmness is expressed by fibers networks made of collagen type I, III and V. The importance given to these components, including other fibers like fibrillin and fibulin in the extracellular matrix has been displayed in the recognition of different hereditary diseases caused by mutations in these proteins. Many of them have common characteristics, that build a wide spectrum of disorders depending on the altered protein, and give a particular prognostic in morbidity as well as in mortality. The main pathologies of the dermis with an importance in dermatology will be considered in this review.
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Humanos , Dermatopatias Genéticas/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Genéticas/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos , Dermatopatias Genéticas/fisiopatologia , Dermatopatias Genéticas/genética , Hipoplasia Dérmica Focal , Proteinose Lipoide de Urbach e Wiethe , Síndrome de Marfan , Progéria , Prognóstico , Pseudoxantoma ElásticoRESUMO
Leukemia is the most commonly encountered cancer in children under the age of 15 and accounts for approximately 35-40 percent of all cancers at that age. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia affecting young children between the ages of 2 and 5 years; it accounts for around 80 percent of all childhood leukemia cases. Initial clinical and laboratory findings may be non-specific. Imaging studies in patients with bone pain and extramedullary involvement may provide the clinician with valuable supplementary information when the first symptoms result from tissue infiltration and haematological series show a discrete and asymptomatic involvement. The purpose of this work is to review the initial radiological manifestations of leukemia in children. Given the systemic nature of this disease, the goal is to identify the key elements found in the study of the different affected organs, in order to facilitate an early diagnosis of this condition. Late-stage alterations or treatment complications, such as osteonecrosis, infections by opportunistic pathogens, graft-versus-host disease, etc. -where magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) play a fundamental role- will not be reviewed.
La leucemia es el cáncer más frecuente en niños menores de 15 años y corresponde aproximadamente al 35-40 por ciento de todos los cánceres a esa edad. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia entre los 2 y 5 años de edad y la forma más frecuente es la leucemia linfoblástica aguda, que corresponde al 80 por ciento de los casos. Las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio pueden ser inicialmente inespecíficas. El estudio imagenológico en pacientes con dolor óseo y compromiso extramedular, puede entregar valiosa información complementaria al clínico cuando los primeros síntomas derivan de la infiltración de los tejidos y el compromiso de las series hematológicas es discreto y asintomático. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar las manifestaciones radiológicas iniciales de la leucemia en el niño. Considerando que es una enfermedad sistémica, el objetivo es identificar los elementos claves en el estudio de los distintos órganos comprometidos, que permitan al radiólogo sospechar el diagnóstico en la etapa precoz de la enfermedad. No se revisarán las alteraciones de la fase tardía o de complicaciones del tratamiento, como osteonecrosis, infecciones por gérmenes oportunistas, enfermedad de injerto vs. huésped, etc., donde la resonancia magnética (RM) y la tomografía computada (TC) juegan un rol fundamental.
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Humanos , Criança , Leucemia/complicações , Leucemia/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicações , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/diagnóstico , Pediatria , Radiografia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) capable of linking innate and adaptive immunity during infection. After recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), DCs can engulf, process and present bacteria-derived antigens on MHC molecules to T cells. Because of the key role that DCs play on the initiation of innate and adaptive immunity, alterations in their function could render the host susceptible to bacterial dissemination. Consistent with this notion, is the observation that several pathogenic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to impair the DC capacity to prime naïve T cells. One of such bacteria is Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which causes a typhoid-like disease in mice and gastroenteritis in humans. Recent studies have shown that virulent Salmonella can use intestinal DCs to spread inside the host, evading T cell priming. The avoidance of T cell recognition by Salmonella is in large part achieved by the activity of gene products encoded on Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands -1 and - 2. The understanding of some of the remarkable molecular virulence mechanisms displayed by Salmonella has contributed to the design of new vaccines capable of inducing protective immunity against this pathogen in mouse models. Here we describe recent data underscoring the virulence mechanisms used by Salmonella to exploit DC function and discuss strategies based on this new knowledge aimed at the design of new efficient and safe vaccines against this pathogen.
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Infecções por Salmonella/imunologia , Vacinas contra Salmonella/imunologia , Salmonella typhimurium/imunologia , Fatores de Virulência/imunologia , Animais , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade/genética , Imunidade/imunologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Vacinas contra Salmonella/química , Salmonella typhimurium/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales han confirmado el rol del Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) en la patogénesis del cáncer de piel no melanoma (CCNM) en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, con epidermodisplasia verruciforme (EV) y en pacientes trasplantados. El rol que juega este virus en pacientes inmunocompetentes está aún por ser demostrado. Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de VPH mucosos y EV relacionados en tumores cutáneos no melanoma, queratosis actínicas y en piel sana de pacientes inmunocompetentes.Material y Métodos: Se analizaron 19 biopsias de tumores de 18 pacientes con carcinomas basocelulares, 10 biopsias de 4 pacientes con carcinomas espinocelulares, 4 biopsias de 3 pacientes con queratosis actínicas; y 33 biopsias de piel perilesional de nevos extirpados de 33 sujetos control. Todas estas muestras fueron analizadas mediante PCR usando primers estandarizados para la búsqueda de VPH mucosos (partidores GP5+/GP6+) y EV-VPH (partidores CP65-CP70 y CP66-CP69). Resultados: No se detectaron VPH mucosos ni EV relacionados en ninguna de las muestras analizadas.Discusión: Las biopsias de los pacientes inmunocompetentes no se asociaron a una infección detectable por VPH. Este estudio no apoya la asociación en nuestra población entre la infección por VPH y el desarrollo de cáncer de piel no melanoma en sujetos inmunocompetentes.
Epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in immunosuppressed patients, in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), and in recipients of organ transplant. The role of this virus has not yet been demonstrated in immunocompetent patients. Objectives: To determine the presence of mucosal HPV and EV-HPV in non-melanoma cutaneous tumors, actinic keratosis and healthy skin in immunocompetent patients.Methods: 19 tumor biopsies (fresh frozen tissue) from 18 patients with basal cell carcinoma, 10 biopsies from 4 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 biopsies from 3 patients with actinic keratosis, as well as 33 biopsies of perilesional skin from nevi from 33 control subjects. All samples were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using standardized consensus primers for the detection of mucosal HPV (GP5+/GP6+) and EV-HPV (CP65-CP70 and CP66-CP69). Results: Mucosal HPV and EV- HPV were not detected in any of the biopsies of the study patients, despite external positive controls and excellent DNA quality.Conclusions: The biopsies of the immunocompetent patients were not associated with a detectable HPV infection. Our data do not support the role of HPV as an etiologic factor in NMSC in immunocompetent patients.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Carcinoma Basocelular/virologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Carcinoma Basocelular/genética , Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Genótipo , Imunocompetência , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Papillomaviridae/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications. AIM: To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-cadherin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer). RESULTS: Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection. CONCLUSIONS: Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes.
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Carcinoma/genética , Metilação de DNA , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma/virologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Feminino , Genes APC , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Neoplasias Gástricas/virologiaRESUMO
Background:Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications. Aim: To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer. Material and methods: Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-caderin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer). Results: Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection. Conclusions: Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes.
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Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Carcinoma/genética , Metilação de DNA , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Carcinoma/virologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Genes APC , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Neoplasias Gástricas/virologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary are associated to endometriosis. Somatic mutations of PTEN (10q23.3) are present in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. Therefore, these mutations could be also present in ovarian tumors. Molecular studies show that solitary endometriotic cysts are monoclonal, have aneuploid DNA, have a loss of 9p,11q and 22q heterozygosity (LOH) and a higher cellular proliferation index of the epithelial component. AIM: To determine the cellular proliferation index using Ki 67, the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and LOH in patients with ovarian endometriosis without atypia (EN), ovarian endometriosis with atypia (EA) and endometriosis with adjacent ovarian carcinoma (ET). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Paraffin embedded samples of 37 endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary (CC/CE), 15 solitary ovarian EN and 15 ovarian EA, were studied. Expression of Ki 67 and PTEN was measured by immunohistochemistry. LOH of 10q23.3 locus was measured by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Ki 67 was 5.5 and 2.3% in EA and EN, respectively (p <0.005). There was a histological correlation between EA and a higher cellular proliferation index. PTEN was negative in 5 of 15 EN, 9 of 15 EA and 30 of 37 CE/CC. There was a correlation between LOH and loss of PTEN protein in EN, EA and ET (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Negative expression on PTEN in EN; EA; ET and CE/CC is a manifestation of the inactivation of this gene. The mechanisms that cause this inactivation, must be elucidated.
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Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/genética , Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Endometriose/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Endometriose/patologia , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Perda de Heterozigosidade/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary are associated to endometriosis. Somatic mutations of PTEN (10q23.3) are present in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. Therefore, these mutations could be also present in ovarian tumors. Molecular studies show that solitary endometriotic cysts are monoclonal, have aneuploid DNA, have a loss of 9p,11q and 22q heterozygosity (LOH) and a higher cellular proliferation index of the epithelial component. Aim: To determine the cellular proliferation index using Ki 67, the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and LOH in patients with ovarian endometriosis without atypia (EN), ovarian endometriosis with atypia (EA) and endometriosis with adjacent ovarian carcinoma (ET). Material and methods: Paraffin embedded samples of 37 endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary (CC/CE), 15 solitary ovarian EN and 15 ovarian EA, were studied. Expression of Ki 67 and PTEN was measured by immunohistochemistry. LOH of 10q23.3 locus was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Ki 67 was 5.5 and 2.3% in EA and EN, respectively (p <0.005). There was a histological correlation between EA and a higher cellular proliferation index. PTEN was negative in 5 of 15 EN, 9 of 15 EA and 30 of 37 CE/CC. There was a correlation between LOH and loss of PTEN protein in EN, EA and ET (60%). Conclusions: Negative expression on PTEN in EN; EA; ET and CE/CC is a manifestation of the inactivation of this gene. The mechanisms that cause this inactivation, must be elucidated.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/genética , Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Endometriose/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/patologia , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Endometriose/patologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Imuno-Histoquímica , /genética , /metabolismo , Perda de Heterozigosidade/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismoRESUMO
Se estudia prospectivamente un grupo de 37 pacientes con síndrome de dolor lumbar, 21 HNP, 13 raquiestenosis y 3 espondilolistesis. Son 23 hombres y 14 mujeres, con una mediana de 51 años. Se inyecta en el espacio peridural acetato de metilprednisolona 80 mg más 15 mg de bupivacaína, y se evalúan con la escala de discapacidad de Oswestry y el cuestionario de dolor de Dallas, al inicio del estudio, a las 2 semanas y a los 6 meses. En el grupo total y en los pacientes con HNP hay mejoría significativa a las 2 semanas y a los 6 meses, tanto en la escala de Oswestry como los aspectos psicológico, social y laboral del cuestionario de Dallas, no así en las actividades de la vida diaria. De las 21 HNP se operan 4 (19 por ciento) durante los 6 meses de observación. En el grupo de las estenorraquis también hay mejoría, pero sin ser estadísticamente significativo. Por lo tanto, la inyección de corticoide peridural es una alternativa más en el tratamiento del síndrome de dolor lumbar, y una alternativa antes de la cirugía
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Corticosteroides , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológico , Injeções Epidurais , Doenças da Medula Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Estudos Prospectivos , EspondilolisteseRESUMO
Mediante determinaciones morfológicas y fisiológicas, se describe el primer aislamiento del hongo dematiáceo levaduriforme hortaea werneckii en agua de mar y moluscos del norte chileno (Antofagasta, II región). Se comenta al mismo tiempo junto a los aportes de la literatura, algunos datos ecológicos, epidemiológicos y taxonómicos de esta levadura negra
Assuntos
Moluscos , Água do Mar , Leveduras/isolamento & purificação , ChileRESUMO
Between March and October 1987, the prevalence of infection by Blastocystis hominis and other intestinal protozoan, their relationship with the age and sex of the hosts, and the percentage of infected persons in family groups were determined in riverside communities of Valdivia River Basin, Chile. One or more intestinal protozoan species were determined in 72.5% of the examined persons. The prevalence was greater for B. hominis (61.8%). The prevalences of B. hominis, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli were greater in relation to the age of the host. The sex of the host and prevalence of infections by B. hominis and other species of intestinal protozoans did not show association. Prevalence of B. hominis was greater in persons from houses with no sanitary faeces disposal. Over 60% of the members of family groups showed infection by B. hominis in 53.1% of the groups compared to 2.4%-21.8% of infections by other protozoan species. Faecal samples of 45 pigs revealed 22.2% of infection by Blastocystis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Blastocystis/epidemiologia , Blastocystis hominis , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Animais , Infecções por Blastocystis/parasitologia , Blastocystis hominis/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Água Doce , Humanos , Lactente , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Infecções por Protozoários/parasitologia , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Participar en el proceso de formarse como psiquiatra competente se reconoce como complejo y con un alto costo personal. El candidato que toma el programa, vive experiencias emocionales y afectivas que pueden interferir con sus rendimientos y confundirlo hasta hacerlo dudar de sí, de su vocación y de la idoneidad de quienes lo forman. Estas vivencias las discutieron y analizaron 10 residentes en un taller ad hoc. En este informe los autores sistematizan sus experiencias y describen fases del proceso que, discriminados e integrados por los profesores que formulan programas, podrían mejorarlos, hacerlos menos costosos y obtener mejores productos