RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the position of the mandibular condyle, the size of the joint spaces and the condylar angulation in patients with facial asymmetry (FA), and to classify these results according to the type of FA and compare them with a reference group without FA. Materials and Methods/Patients: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study using computed tomography (CT) was conducted on a sample of 133 patients with a clinical diagnosis of FA derived from the following entities: hemimandibular elongation (HE) (n = 61), hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH) (n = 11), condylar hyperplasia in its hybrid form (HF) (n = 19), asymmetric mandibular prognathism (AMP) (n = 25), glenoid fossa asymmetry (GFA) (n = 9) and functional laterognathism (FL) (n = 8). Likewise, a group of 20 patients without clinical or tomographic characteristics of FA was taken and their complete cone beam tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed. The quantified variables were joint spaces (anterior, middle and posterior), angle of the condylar axis and condylar position. All measurements were performed using the free, open-source Horos software. RESULTS: Most of the subjects without FA had a right middle condylar position (55%), while in the patients with FA the anterior condylar position predominated. On the left side, the most frequent condylar position was anterior, including the group without FA, except in the HH group. Considering the measurements of the anterior, middle and posterior joint space (mm) on the right side (anterior JS: 1.9 mm, middle JS: 2 mm and posterior JS: 2.8 mm) and on the left side (anterior JS: 2.7 mm, middle JS: 2.1 mm and posterior JS: 2.6 mm) of the subjects without FA, compared to those with FA, the latter presented smaller distances in all diagnoses and only for the right posterior JS (1.9 mm) in HH, was not significant. The condylar axis of the AF group showed significant differences with smaller angles for the left side in those diagnosed with HE (65.4°) and HH (56.5°) compared to those without AF (70.4°). CONCLUSIONS: The condylar position of patients with FA tends to be anterior, both on the right and left sides, while for cases without FA it is middle and anterior, respectively. Patients with FA have smaller joint spaces (mm) compared to patients without FA, with the exception of HH for the right posterior JS.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between metabolic bone activity measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and the anatomic condylar characteristics acquired by computed tomography (CT), in patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH). Method and Materials/Patients: Observational, descriptive study in a group of 71 patients with clinical diagnosis of UCH and indication of SPECT/CT. Bone SPECT images obtained in a gamma-camera GE Infina and processed in a station Xeleris 3 with the program Volumetrix MI Evolution for bone. CT images acquired in a PET/CT Biograph mcT20 equipment (Siemens) processed in a station Osirix V 7.5.1 (Pixmeo, Bomex, Switzerland). RESULTS: The sample included 24 men (33.8%) and 47 women (66.2%). Active state UCH was detected in 40 (56.3%) cases (over 55% uptake in the affected condyle) and 38 (53.5%) presented mandibular deviation to the right side. No significant differences related to sex, age, or mandibular deviation side were found. Mandibular deviation was the only morphologic feature related to active/inactive UCH (p = 0.003). The likelihood of active CH was significantly higher in patients with mandibular deviation higher than 6 mm compared with <6 mm (odds ratio (OR): 3.51, confidence interval (CI) 95%: 1.27-9.72). CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between the magnitude of mandibular deviation quantified on CT and metabolic findings obtained by SPECT in patients with UCH. The risk of active UCH is 3.5 times higher in patients with a mandibular deviation ≥6 mm.
RESUMO
Objetivo: ofrecer a todo el personal de salud oral un resumen narrativo de la literatura sobre la relación entre el uso de la vitamina D y la COVID-19, a través de la presentación de los beneficios de este suplemento. Se espera aportar a ampliar el conocimiento sobre esta sustancia orgánica, en tanto herramienta profiláctica para la salud de todos. Método: La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct y Ebsco, observando los años 2010 a 2020. Se seleccionaron 65 referencias bibliográficas relacionadas con la vitamina D, sus funciones intra y extra esqueléticas y su posible relación con el SARS-CoV-2; además, se incluyeron estudios que evalúan la deficiencia de vitamina D en el personal de salud. Resultados: la revisión narrativa efectuada demuestra que la deficiencia de vitamina D es frecuente en el personal de salud y que esta deficiencia reduce la actividad defensiva inmunológica. Además, se demuestra que existe suficiente evidencia de la relación entre niveles deficientes de vitamina D en plasma y el riesgo de desarrollar formas severas de COVID-19, especialmente en población susceptible. Conclusiones: se recomienda, tanto al personal de la salud como a los pacientes, el consumo de un suplemento de vitamina D como medida profiláctica.
Objective: to provide the clinicians and dental health staff with relevant information about the role of Vitamin D in connection with COVID-19, presenting the needs, benefits and risks of Vit D supplementation in the doses suggested in literature, to indicate preventive actions and provide patients advice to reduce the consequences of COV ID -19. Method: The bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and Ebsco databases, observing the years 2010 to 2020. We selected 65 references related to vitamin D and its intra and extra-skeletal functions, its possible relationship to SARS-CoV-2, and also included studies assessing vitamin D deficiency in health care workers. Results: Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in dental staff and this deficiency reduces the efficiency of immunologic defenses. There is evidence regarding a relationship between vitamin D levels and risk of severe forms of COVID-19. Conclusion: It is recommended the prophylactic use of a Vitamin D supplement for both dentists and dental patients.