RESUMO
The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of rigid internal fixation (RIF) for treating edentulous mandibular fractures. Because of the low incidence of fractures in edentulous mandible, there is no consensus of the optimal treatment for it. This study included all edentulous patients with mandibular fracture diagnosis, who were treated with internal fixation at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires from November 1991 to July 2011. Data such as age, gender, etiology and location of fracture, surgical approach, type of osteosynthesis used, and postoperative complications were analyzed. A total of 18 patients, 76.2 years mean age, 12 females (66.6%), presented a total of 35 mandibular fractures. The mandibular body was the most common localization of the fractures. Twenty-five fractures received surgical treatment with RIF, mainly approached extraorally. Reconstruction plates were the most common type of fixation used. Fracture reduction was considered satisfactory in 96.5%, with 22.2% of complications and 11.1% of reoperations needed. Open reduction and RIF demonstrated to be a reliable method for treating edentulous mandibular fractures. Nevertheless, there is lack of high-level recommendation publication to support this.
RESUMO
Scientific productivity of middle income countries correlates stronger with present and future wealth than indices reflecting its financial, social, economic or technological sophistication. We identify the contribution of the relative productivity of different scientific disciplines in predicting the future economic growth of a nation. Results show that rich and poor countries differ in the relative proportion of their scientific output in the different disciplines: countries with higher relative productivity in basic sciences such as physics and chemistry had the highest economic growth in the following five years compared to countries with a higher relative productivity in applied sciences such as medicine and pharmacy. Results suggest that the economies of middle income countries that focus their academic efforts in selected areas of applied knowledge grow slower than countries which invest in general basic sciences.
Assuntos
Química/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Desenvolvimento Econômico/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Econométricos , Física/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise por Conglomerados , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Extensive defects of the scalp and forehead associated with calvarial bone resections demand complex reconstructions. Free flaps offer vascularized tissue of excellent quality and quantity. We report six patients with extensive scalp and forehead defects associated with calvarial bone resections reconstructed with free flaps. Five patients also required a cranioplasty. The flaps used were two anterolateral thigh flaps, one vastus lateralis flap, one myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap, one latissimus dorsi flap, and one radial forearm flap. All flaps survived with no partial necrosis. There were no donor site complications. One patient presented an exposure of the alloplastic material used for cranioplasty. We strongly recommend the use of free flaps for this kind of reconstruction.
RESUMO
Se investigó en forma multidimensional el secuestro, acto sociopolítico del conflicto armado interno en Colombia, y su impacto en las relaciones y paradigmas de 32 familias de Antioquia, departamento que ocupa el primer puesto en el país y en el mundo con respecto a esta situación. Tales relaciones y paradigmas se evaluaron en un periodo supuestamente critico, cuatro a nueve meses después de la liberación. El objetivo fue describir las interacciones y las creencias de familias afectadas con un secuestro y su asociación con la alteración del equilibrio y la necesidad terapéutica individual y familiar. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron entrevista colaborativa-reflexiva, escala de visión del mundo y genograma. Los resultados señalaron que las familias definieron la unión como esencial a su identidad y como creencia proyectada a dos pilares culturales, el dinero y la religiosidad. La estructura de relaciones era muy cercana y después del cautiverio la pareja fue más simétrica, el padre se unió a los hijos y la jerarquía fue democrática. Lo religioso-práctico y la habilidad negociadora se fortalecieron. Por último, la credibilidad en el Estado disminuyó, pues sintieron que éste los abandonó. La mayoría enfrentó exitosamente el secuestro, pero el 85 por ciento lo connotó de manera negativa. El 28 por ciento presentó algún subsistema tensionado: pérdidas, explosión de vulnerabilidades y encierro. Se dieron dos asociaciones significativas: las relaciones con conflicto o distanciamiento y el tratamiento familiar y un escaso compromiso con la vida y el individual