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Antituberculosos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Incidência , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , New Mexico/epidemiologia , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Idoso , Criança , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Pré-EscolarRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on activation and apoptosis of primordial follicles. There was no difference in the total number of follicles as well as in the different types of follicles. Furthermore, the LPS challenge didn't modulate the expression of genes related with ovarian reserve (HAM), oocyte survival (Survivin), activation rate (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1), and follicular abnormalities. Therefore, the LPS exposure with 24h interval had no effect on activation rate and primordial follicles abnormalities, and also had no effect on expression of anti-apoptotic genes and genes related with ovarian reserve, oocyte survival, activation rate, and primordial follicles abnormalities.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) na ativação e a apoptose de folículos primordiais. Dez novilhas saudáveis (Bos taurus taurus), com idade média de 14 meses, alojadas em sistema de confinamento e alimentadas com TMR, foram utilizadas neste experimento. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo LPS (LPS; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 0,5µg/kg de peso corporal de lipopolissacarídeo (Sigma Aldrich®) diluído em 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h; e grupo controle (CTR; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h. A primeira injeção de LPS foi realizada no d 1, e no d 5 os animais foram abatidos, os ovários foram pesados e as amostras dos ovários foram coletadas para avaliação histológica e molecular. Não houve diferença no número total de folículos, bem como nos diferentes tipos de folículos. Além disso, o desafio com LPS não modulou a expressão de genes relacionados à reserva ovariana (HAM), à sobrevivência oocitária (Survivin), à taxa de ativação (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1) e às anormalidades foliculares. Portanto, a exposição ao LPS com intervalo de 24h não teve efeito sobre a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais, bem como não teve efeito sobre a expressão de genes antiapoptóticos e de genes relacionados com a reserva ovariana, a sobrevivência oocitária, a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais.
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Animais , Bovinos , Oócitos , Ovário , Reprodução , Lipopolissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , ApoptoseRESUMO
Bone metastases are very common complications associated with certain types of cancers that frequently negatively impact the quality of life and functional status of patients; thus, early detection is necessary for the implementation of immediate therapeutic measures to reduce the risk of skeletal complications and improve survival and quality of life. There is no consensus or universal standard approach for the detection of bone metastases in cancer patients based on imaging. Endorsed by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), and the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SEMNIM) a group of experts met to discuss and provide an up-to-date review of our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumors spread to the bone and describe the imaging methods available to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor their response to oncological treatment, focusing on patients with breast and prostate cancer. According to current available data, the use of next-generation imaging techniques, including whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI, PET/CT, and PET/MRI with novel radiopharmaceuticals, is recommended instead of the classical combination of CT and bone scan in detection, staging and response assessment of bone metastases from prostate and breast cancer.Clinical trial registration: Not applicable.
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Neoplasias Ósseas , Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias da Próstata , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Compostos RadiofarmacêuticosRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second-highest tumor incidence and is a leading cause of death by cancer. Nearly 20% of patients with CRC will have metastases at the time of diagnosis, and more than 50% of patients with CRC develop metastatic disease during the course of their disease. A group of experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Association of Surgeons, the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology, the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, and the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging met to discuss and provide a multidisciplinary consensus on the management of liver metastases in patients with CRC. The group defined the different scenarios in which the disease can present: fit or unfit patients with resectable liver metastases, patients with potential resectable liver metastases, and patients with unresectable liver metastases. Within each scenario, the different strategies and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Oncologia/métodos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Algoritmos , Terapia Combinada , Consenso , Hepatectomia , Humanos , Oncologia/organização & administração , EspanhaRESUMO
Hysteresis loops exhibited by the thermal properties of undoped and 0.8 at.% W-doped nanocrystalline powders of VO2 synthesized by means of the solution combustion method and compacted in pellets, are experimentally measured by photothermal radiometry. It is shown that: (i) the W doping reduces both the hysteresis loops of VO2 and its transition temperature up to 15 °C. (ii) The thermal diffusivity decreases (increases) until (after) the metallic domains become dominant in the VO2 insulating matrix, such that its variation across the metal-insulation transition is enhanced by 23.5% with W-0.8 at.% doping. By contrast, thermal conductivity (thermal effusivity) increases up to 45% (40%) as the metallic phase emerges in the VO2 structure due to the insulator-to-metal transition, and it enhances up to 11% (25%) in the insulator state when the local rutile phase is induced by the tungsten doping. (iii) The characteristic peak of the VO2 specific heat capacity is observed in both heating and cooling processes, such that the phase transition of the 0.8 at.% W-doped sample requires about 24% less thermal energy than the undoped one. (iv) The impact of the W doping on the four above-mentioned thermal properties of VO2 mainly shows up in its insulator phase, as a result of the distortion of the local lattice induced by the electrons of tungsten. W doping at 0.8 at.% thus enhances the VO2 capability to transport heat but diminishes its thermal switching efficiency.
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Hysteresis loops in the emissivity of VO2 thin films grown on sapphire and silicon substrates by a pulsed laser deposition process are experimentally measured through the thermal-wave resonant cavity technique. Remarkable variations of about 43% are observed in the emissivity of both VO2 films, within their insulator-to-metal and metal-to-insulator transitions. It is shown that: i) The principal hysteresis width (maximum slope) in the VO2 emissivity of the VO2 + silicon sample is around 3 times higher (lower) than the corresponding one of the VO2 + sapphire sample. VO2 synthesized on silicon thus exhibits a wider principal hysteresis loop with slower MIT than VO2 on sapphire, as a result of the significant differences on the VO2 film microstructures induced by the silicon or sapphire substrates. ii) The hysteresis width along with the rate of change of the VO2 emissivity in a VO2 + substrate sample can be tuned with its secondary hysteresis loop. iii) VO2 samples can be used to build a radiative thermal diode able to operate with a rectification factor as high as 87%, when the temperature difference of its two terminals is around 17 °C. This record-breaking rectification constitutes the highest one reported in literature, for a relatively small temperature change of diode terminals.
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OBJECTIVE: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent bacteria causing sexually transmitted infections. In women, this infection can cause cervicitis and urethritis, although it's usually asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of C. trachomatis in women attending the lab Instituto de Previsión Social and detect the genotypes. METHODS: Endocervical samples from 505 symptomatic and asymptomatic women were assayed. It was determined the presence of C. trachomatis by PCR through amplification of a fragment of the cryptic plasmid. Positive samples were genotyped by the partial amplification of the ompA gene and analyzed phylogenetically. RESULTS: Forty-three positive samples were detected to infection with C. trachomatis, obtaining a prevalence of 8.5% (IC 95%: 6.4-11.3%). The prevalence of C. trachomatis was higher in women with vaginal symptoms [11.3% (30/265) vs. 5.4% (13/240)] (p = 0.018), as well as in women under 26 year-old [11.5% (28/244) vs. 6.2% (15/246)] (p = 0.021). Based on phylogenetic analysis, it was observed that 62% of the samples were genotype E, 15% genotype J, 15% genotype D, and 8% genotype F. CONCLUSIONS: This work is the first contribution on the molecular epidemiology of C. trachomatis in the Misiones province, Argentina, which shows the rate of prevalence of this bacterium and offers information on circulating genotypes.
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Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Doenças Vaginais/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Persea schiedeana Nees is an underutilized and very little known species whose fruit is consumed in Mesoamerica where it grows wild. This study was carried out to evaluate: 1) the variability of fruit characteristics of different accessions; 2) the effects of centrifugation and microwave treatment on extracting oil from the fruit and on its qualitative characteristics; 3) the nutraceutical characteristics of the fruit and seeds of different accessions. The results showed a large variability in fruit size and oil/dry matter contents among the different accessions. There was a significant relationship between the dry matter and oil contents in the pulp. The combined use of centrifugation and microwave treatments gave high oil extraction yields (67-68%). The oils had good fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity. The results gave an initial picture about the total phenol contents and antioxidant capacities in the seeds and in the different parts of the fruit.
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Frutas/química , Valor Nutritivo , Persea/química , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/análise , Centrifugação , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Frutas/fisiologia , Micro-Ondas , Persea/fisiologia , Fenóis/análise , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
Los desórdenes del desarrollo sexual se pueden presentar en diferentes animales domésticos, aunque no son muy comunes. Se clasifican en tres grupos de anormalidades: del desarrollo cromosómico, del desarrollo gonadal y del sexo fenotípico, y presentan diferentes subcategorías. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características fenotípicas, cromosómicas y anatómicas de los órganos reproductores de un paciente canino, aparentemente hembra, de 3 años de edad, con desorden del desarrollo sexual, que presentaba una protuberancia a nivel vaginal con sangrado y presencia de pus; en la anamnesis reportan comportamiento de macho. Se realizó un examen general por sistemas, ecografía abdominal ventral, radiografía latero-lateral, cuadro hemático y cariotipo con bandas R-replicativas. Tras la evaluación se encontró un clítoris agrandado (pseudopene) con orificio uretral que mostró resistencia a la colocación de una sonda. La radiografía mostró una estructura similar al hueso del pene y la ecografía reveló una estructura compatible con el cuello del útero en una hembra y una estructura lateral parecida al tejido gonadal. El cariotipo fue típico de un macho, compatible con un macho seudohermafrodita, lo cual permite clasificar al individuo como XY, con un desorden del desarrollo sexual fenotípico (78, XY) según la nueva clasificación. Con las herramientas diagnósticas disponibles en Colombia es posible realizar un diagnóstico diferencial adecuado. Sin embargo, falta disponibilidad de pruebas diagnósticas específicas como FISH y mediciones serológicas.
The disorders of sex development can occur in different domestic animals, but they are not very common. They are classified as sex chromosomic disorders, gonadal sex development disorders and phenotypic sex disorders and have different subcategories. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic, chromosomal and anatomical traits of the reproductive organs of a canine patient 3-year-old, apparently female with disorder of sexual development, which presented a protuberance into the vagina with bleeding and pus, which anamnesis male behavior report. A general examination was performed by systems, ventral abdominal ultrasound, latero-lateral radiography, blood count and karyotype whit R-replicative bands. After the evaluation found an enlarged clitoris (pseudopene) with urethral opening that showed resistance to placing a catheter. Radiography showed a structure similar to penis bone and the ultrasonography a structure consistent with the cervix in a female and a structure similar to gonadal tissue in the side. The karyotype was typical of a male, compatible with a male pseudo-hermaphrodite, which classifies the individual as XY with a phenotypic disorder of sex development (78, XY) according to the new classification. With the diagnostic tools found in Colombia is possible to make an appropriate differential diagnosis. But nevertheless, lack of availability of specific diagnostic tests such as FISH and serological measurements.
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STAT4 has been consistently associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to determine whether the STAT4 rs7574865G/T polymorphism confers susceptibility for RA and SLE in a sample of Mexican patients. This study included 869 individuals: 415 patients with RA, 128 patients with SLE, and 326 controls. Genotyping using TaqMan probes showed an association between the STAT4 rs7574865G/T polymorphism and RA (GG vs. TT: OR 1.99, p=0.0009; G vs. T: OR 1.42, p=0.0009) and SLE (GG vs. TT: OR 2.98, 0.0003; G vs. T: OR 1.74, p=0.0002). Gender stratification showed an association with RA (GG vs. TT: OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.3-3.1, p=0.002; G vs. T: OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.1-1.8, p=0.002) and SLE (GG vs. TT: OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.2, p=0.0002; G vs. T: OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.4, p=0.0002) in women. Thus, the STAT4 rs7574865G/T polymorphism confers risk for RA and SLE in the Mexican population.
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Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT4/genética , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex genetic disease. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes are reportedly associated with an increased risk of RA. The protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 gene (PTPN22), which encodes the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) protein, is one of the best examples of a non-HLA gene associated with a risk for RA in several populations. The functional PTPN22 C1858T (R620W) non-synonymous polymorphism is widely associated with an increased risk for RA in Europeans and non-Europeans. The aim of this study was to determine if the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism confers susceptibility to RA in a sample of patients from Mexico. This study included 364 RA patients and 387 non-related controls from Central Mexico. Genotyping of the PTPN22 C1858T (rs2476601) polymorphism was performed using allelic discrimination assays with TaqMan probes. The functional PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk for RA in our study population. The CC vs CT genotype in RA patients versus healthy controls had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.17 (95 % CI 1.79-9.74, p = 0.00036), while T allele had an OR of 4.06 (95 % CI 1.75-9.41, p = 0.00043). PTPN22 is a genetic risk factor for developing RA in the Mexican population.
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Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease. A combination of genetic and environmental risk factors contributes to its etiology. Several genes have been reported to be associated with susceptibility to the development of RA. The MHC2TA and FCRL3 genes have been associated previously with RA in Swedish and Japanese populations, respectively. In two recent reports, we show an association between FCRL3 and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and MHC2TA and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Mexican population. We assessed the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MHC2TA (-168G/A; rs3087456, and +16G/C; rs4774) and FCRL3 (-169T/C; rs7528684) genes and rheumatoid arthritis in Mexican population through a genotyping method using allelic discrimination assays with TaqMan probes. Our case-control study included 249 patients with RA and 314 controls. We found no evidence of an association between the MHC2TA -168G/A and +1614G/C or FCRL3 -169T/C polymorphisms and RA in this Mexican population. In this cohort of Mexican patients with RA, we observed no association between the MHC2TA or FCRL3 genes and this autoimmune disease.
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Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Transativadores/genética , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
AIMS: Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), renal oxidative stress and inflammation are constantly present in experimental hypertension. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition with N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) has previously been reported to produce hypertension, increased expression of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and renal dysfunction. The use of Losartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist has proven to be effective reducing hypertension and renal damage; however, the mechanism by which AT1R blockade reduced kidney injury and normalizes blood pressure in this experimental model is still complete unknown. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that AT1R activation promotes renal NAD(P)H oxidase up-regulation, oxidative stress and cytokine production during L-NAME induced-hypertension. MAIN METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed in three groups: L-NAME, receiving 70 mg/100ml of L-NAME, L-NAME+Los, receiving 70 mg/100ml of L-NAME and 40 mg/kg/day of Losartan; and Controls, receiving water instead of L-NAME or L-NAME and Losartan. KEY FINDINGS: After two weeks, L-NAME induced high blood pressure, renal overexpression of AT1R, NAD(P)H oxidase sub-units gp91, p22 and p47, increased levels of oxidative stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Also, we found increased renal accumulation of lymphocytes and macrophages. Losartan treatment abolished the renal expression of gp91, p22, p47, oxidative stress and reduced NF-κB activation and IL-6 expression. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that NO induced-hypertension is associated with up-regulation of NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress production and overexpression of key inflammatory mediators. These events are associated with up-regulation of AT1R, as evidenced by their reversal with AT1R blocker treatment.
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Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Losartan/farmacologia , Masculino , NADH NADPH Oxirredutases/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidase 4 , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The bovine prolactin (PRL) and bovine growth hormone (bGH) genes exhibit several polymorphisms. Some of them can be detected by molecular techniques using restriction endonucleases, such as RsaI for the PRL gene and MspI for the bGH gene. We examined the relationship between the PRL-RsaI and bGH-MspI polymorphisms and some economically important characteristics of Holstein cows. Research was conducted on 315 Holstein cows from 5 municipalities in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. Individuals were genotyped using PCR/RFLP. The statistical analysis was carried out using generalized linear models and a regression analysis. Polymorphism of the bGH gene was found to have a significant association with the percentage of protein in milk and milk yield. Genotype (-/-) was favorable for dairy yield, while genotype (+/+) was favorable for protein percentage. The PRL gene showed no significant association with any of the evaluated characteristics. The bGH gene appears to be a candidate for the implementation of marker-assisted selection programs. To determine the effect of the prolactin gene, research should be conducted with a larger sample size and a group of animals with more balanced genotypes.
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Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Leite/química , Leite/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Prolactina/genética , Alelos , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , GenótipoRESUMO
The most frequent foot and ankle anatomical alterations in the pediatric population are found in the little toes. Several treatments are proposed for these conditions, ranging from total phalangeal resections, phalangeal osteotomies, osteosynthesis, and soft tissue management. We propose a surgical technique based on the diaphysectomy of the proximal phalanx and the release of soft tissues that are under tension. The purpose is to assess the functional foot results after surgical treatment consisting of proximal phalanx diaphysectomy and soft tissue release using the functional AOFAS scale in pediatric patients. A prospective, longitudinal, descriptive, non-comparative clinical study was conducted from March 2008 to December 2010, with a follow-up of up to six months. Twenty patients (35 toes) were included; 15 females and five males, with a mean age of 14.65 years. Fifteen (30 toes) had bilateral involvement; 88.56% had greater involvement of the fifth toe. The surgical indication was determined based on the degree of functional disability for gait and the type of footwear. The functional assessment was conducted using the AOFAS criteria and a subjective assessment scale with a total score of 100 to assess the metatarsophalangeal and the interphalangeal joints of the smallest toes. Scores were as follows: < 50 points, poor; 51-70 points, fair; 71-90, good, and > 91, excellent. The assessment was done preoperatively and at postoperative month six. The mean preoperative score was 73.55 and the mean postoperative score was 85.75, with a 12.2 point difference (p > 0.5). Results were: 11 excellent, seven good and two fair. There were four relapses, so a salvage procedure was performed with the Ruiz-Mora technique; excellent results were obtained in all four. One case had soft tissue infection. Proximal phalanx diaphysectomy and soft tissue release provides appropriate alignment of the affected toes and relief of soft tissues under tension, thus avoiding broad resections leading to both esthetic and functional alterations. This is a simple and effective technique for the treatment of little toe deformities as it improves function and alignment.
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Deformidades Congênitas do Pé/cirurgia , Síndrome do Dedo do Pé em Martelo/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Falanges dos Dedos do Pé/cirurgia , Adolescente , Anestesia Local , Diáfises/cirurgia , Feminino , Pé/cirurgia , Deformidades Adquiridas do Pé/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Reoperação , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Dedos do Pé/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: La utilización de agentes biológicos para el tratamiento de la Artritis Reumatoidea (AR) es habitualmente usada en aquellos pacientes con enfermedad activa que no hayan respondido al tratamiento con drogas modificadoras de la Artritis Reumatoidea convencionales (DMARD, por sus siglas en inglés) o que hayan presentado intolerancia a las mismas. Al estado actual de la evidencia, la terapia combinada de agentes biológicos más un DMARD convencional (principalmente metotrexato) constituye el estándar de tratamiento. Sin embargo existen algunos escenarios como la intolerancia, la falta de adherencia y la aparición de eventos adversos a las DMARDs convencionales donde la monoterapia biológica emerge como una opción terapéutica válida. Según los distintos registros a nivel internacional, la frecuencia de utilización de agentes biológicos en monoterapia oscila entre 12 a 39%. Debido a la ausencia de estos datos a nivel local decidimos realizar este estudio para conocer el porcentaje de pacientes que se encuentran en monoterapia biológica y analizar las causas que llevaron a este tipo de tratamiento. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo corte transversal donde se invitó a participar a diferentes centros reumatológicos distribuidos a lo largo de Argentina. Cada centro revisó las historias clínicas de los últimos 30 a 50 pacientes consecutivos vistos con AR, mayores de 18 años, que habían presentado inadecuada respuesta al tratamiento con DMARDs y que estaban bajo tratamiento biológico. Se completaba una ficha por cada paciente incluido, registrando datos demográficos, de la enfermedad y tratamientos previos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 32 centros y se evaluaron 1148 historias clínicas de pacientes con AR durante el mes de octubre y noviembre del 2012. Un 21,4% (246) de los pacientes al momento del estudio se encontraba bajo tratamiento biológico en monoterapia...
Introduction: The use of biological agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly used in patients with active disease who have not responded to treatment with conventional rheumatoid arthritis-modifying drugs (DMARDs) or Who have presented intolerance to them. At the present state of evidence, combined therapy of biological agents plus conventional DMARD (mainly methotrexate) is the standard of treatment. However, there are some scenarios such as intolerance, lack of adherence and the appearance of adverse events to conventional DMARDs where biological monotherapy emerges as a valid therapeutic option. According to different international registries, the frequency of use of biological agents in monotherapy ranges from 12 to 39%. Due to the absence of these data at the local level we decided to carry out this study to know the percentage of patients who are in biological monotherapy and to analyze the causes that led to this type of treatment. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study where different rheumatologic centers throughout Argentina were invited to participate. Each center reviewed the medical records of the last 30 to 50 consecutive patients seen with RA, older than 18 years, who had inadequate response to treatment with DMARDs and who were under biological treatment. One card was completed for each patient included, recording demographic, disease and previous treatment data. Results: Thirty-two centers were included and 1148 clinical records of patients with RA were evaluated during October and November 2012. A total of 244 patients (246) at the time of the study were under monotherapy...
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Artrite Reumatoide , Tratamento Biológico , ArgentinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the lifestyle, use of health services, self-perceived health status and health services evaluations of immigrants from Paraguay and Bolivia in the city of Elche, and to establish and/or adapt prevention health services strategies to the needs of this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, using a health questionnaire, was conducted between November 2009 and April 2010, using a convenience sample selected from the Paraguay and Bolivia Citizens Association. RESULTS: A total of 49 Paraguayans and 35 Bolivians over 15 years old were interviewed of whom 42 (50%) were male; 33% of respondents did not perform any physical activity, and 14.3% were smokers (males [23.8%] vs female [4.8%], P=.03). The assessment of health was good or very good in 59.5% (Paraguayans [71.4%] vs Bolivians [42.9%]), P=.02). The use of health services was 85.4% (males [75%] vs women [95.2%], P=02) and 51% went to an emergency department. Consultation with a dentist was reported in 43.9% (Paraguayans [56.2%] vs Bolivians [26.5%], P=.007); 65.9% considered the Spanish public health system as being excellent, very good or good. CONCLUSION: The lifestyle, the use of private resources and the assessment of health status are different in both groups studied. The assessment of the Spanish public health system was good in both. Strategies are needed to improve lifestyle, counselling for smoking cessation, alcohol use and control of dyslipidaemia.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Bolívia/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Paraguai/etnologia , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The sulfate-reducing bacteria growth kinetics and the biotransformation of sulfate into hydrogen sulfide were studied under laboratory conditions, using batch and continuous assays to determine the effect of molybdate and nitrate as metabolic inhibitors. The microorganisms were isolated from water coming from a natural gas dehydration plant, where they were associated with Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) processes, and later cultured in planktonic and sessile states. The addition of 5 mM molybdate showed a growth reduction to levels of non-detectable floating cells and a six order of magnitude reduction in biofilms, concomitant with a sulfide decrease of around 100% in all cultures inhibited by this compound. The addition of 75 mM nitrate showed a four order of magnitude reduction in free bacterial cells and a two order of magnitude reduction in adhered bacterial cells, respectively, as well as a sulfide decrease of around 80%. The decreased corrosion rate detected suggests that these inorganic salts could be non-conventional biocides for an effective and environmentally non contaminant way of controlling and mitigating internal biocorrosion processes in storage tanks and pipelines in natural gas and petroleum industrial systems.