RESUMO
Well-controlled intrauterine development is an essential condition for many aspects of normal adult physiology and health. This process is disrupted by poor maternal nutrition status during pregnancy. Indeed, physiological adaptations occur in the fetus to ensure nutrient supply to the most vital organs at the expense of the others, leading to irreversible consequences in tissue formation and differentiation. Evidence indicates that maternal undernutrition in early life promotes changes in key hormones, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, estrogens and androgens, during fetal development. These alterations can directly or indirectly affect hormone release, hormone receptor expression/distribution, cellular function or tissue organization, and impair tissue growth, differentiation and maturation to exert profound long-term effects on the offspring. Within the male reproductive system, maternal protein malnutrition alters development, structure, and function of the gonads, testes and prostate gland. Consequently, these changes impair the reproductive capacity of the male offspring. Further, permanent alterations in the prostate gland occur at the molecular and cellular level and thereby affect the onset of late life diseases such as prostatitis, hyperplasia and even prostate cancer. This review assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the developmental origins of health and disease as they relate to protein malnutrition, and highlights the effects of maternal protein malnutrition on rat prostate development and homeostasis. Such insights on developmental trajectories of adult-onset prostate disease may help provide a foundation for future studies in this field.
Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/etiologia , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Desnutrição/complicações , Próstata/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças Prostáticas/etiologia , Doenças Prostáticas/patologia , Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , GravidezRESUMO
Aiming to combine the flexibility of Brucella lumazine synthase (BLS) to adapt different protein domains in a decameric structure and the capacity of BLS and flagellin to enhance the immunogenicity of peptides that are linked to their structure, we generated a chimeric protein (BLS-FliC131) by fusing flagellin from Salmonella in the N-termini of BLS. The obtained protein was recognized by anti-flagellin and anti-BLS antibodies, keeping the oligomerization capacity of BLS, without affecting the folding of the monomeric protein components determined by circular dichroism. Furthermore, the thermal stability of each fusion partner is conserved, indicating that the interactions that participate in its folding are not affected by the genetic fusion. Besides, either in vitro or in vivo using TLR5-deficient animals we could determine that BLS-FliC131 retains the capacity of triggering TLR5. The humoral response against BLS elicited by BLS-FliC131 was stronger than the one elicited by equimolar amounts of BLS + FliC. Since BLS scaffold allows the generation of hetero-decameric structures, we expect that flagellin oligomerization on this protein scaffold will generate a new vaccine platform with enhanced capacity to activate immune responses.
Assuntos
Brucella , Flagelina , Complexos Multienzimáticos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão , Salmonella typhimurium , Animais , Brucella/enzimologia , Brucella/genética , Brucella/imunologia , Células CACO-2 , Feminino , Flagelina/biossíntese , Flagelina/genética , Flagelina/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Humoral , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Complexos Multienzimáticos/biossíntese , Complexos Multienzimáticos/genética , Complexos Multienzimáticos/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/imunologia , Salmonella typhimurium/metabolismo , Receptor 5 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 5 Toll-Like/imunologiaRESUMO
The current study aims to evaluate the macroscopic and histological effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and platelet-rich plasma on knee articular cartilage regeneration in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group, platelet-rich plasma group, autologous MSC undifferentiated group, and autologous MSC differentiated into chondrocyte group. Collagenase solution was used to induce osteoarthritis, and treatments were applied to each group at 6 weeks following osteoarthritis induction. After 60 days of therapy, the animals were euthanized and the articular surfaces were subjected to macroscopic and histological evaluations. The adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potentials of MSCs were evaluated. Macroscopic and histological examinations revealed improved tissue repair in the MSC-treated groups. However, no difference was found between MSC-differentiated and undifferentiated chondrocytes. We found that MSCs derived from adipose tissue and platelet-rich plasma were associated with beneficial effects in articular cartilage regeneration during experimental osteoarthritis.
Assuntos
Condrogênese , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Osteoartrite/terapia , Transfusão de Plaquetas , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas/citologia , Regeneração/fisiologia , Adipócitos/citologia , Adipócitos/fisiologia , Animais , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Diferenciação Celular , Condrócitos/citologia , Condrócitos/fisiologia , Colagenases , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Injeções Intra-Articulares , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Osteoartrite/induzido quimicamente , Osteoartrite/patologia , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Coelhos , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
Intercalated montmorillonite clays with different amounts of organic hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) cations were studied to analyse their CO, CH(4), and SO(2) gas retentions. Equilibrium adsorption was measured by using a standard volumetric apparatus at 25 degrees C and 0.1 MPa. The solids were characterised by X-ray diffraction. The levels of adsorption of SO(2) by organo-montmorillonites (0.3595-1.6403 mmol/g) were higher than those of CO (up to 0.0202 mmol/g) and CH(4) (up to 0.0273 mmol/g) gases. HDTMA montmorillonites may be effective adsorbents for removing SO(2) and for its potential separation in the presence of CO and/or CH(4) molecules, which can be present in contaminated air.
Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Bentonita/química , Compostos de Cetrimônio/química , Adsorção , Argila , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Relatamos a contribuiçäo da tomografia computadorizada (TC) no diagnóstico e tratamento cirúrgico de 10 tumores intrarraquianos. A TC sem contraste, realizada em 2 pacientes, näo foi suficiente para demonstrar a patología. Salientamos a necessidade da utilizaçäo de contraste para o diagnóstico em todos os casos estudados. Em 9 pacientes o diagnóstico foi confirmado pela TC realizada após injeçäo intratecal de metrizamida (TC-metrizamida). No caso restante, o diagnóstico foi feito mediante administraçäo de contraste iodado (conray) por via endovenosa, que contrastou o tumor em toda sua extensäo