Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Neoplasias da Íris/secundário , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Ocular/etiologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Extração de Catarata , Humanos , Iris/patologia , Neoplasias da Íris/complicações , Neoplasias da Íris/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Íris/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Martinica/etnologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the clinical and angiographic characteristics of idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV) and its natural course. METHODS: Descriptive, prospective, consecutive case series of patients with presumed IPCV seen at Fort-de-France Hospital Center (French West Indies) between January and June 2006. All participants underwent complete eye examination and fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. The nature and location of the lesions were assessed in all eyes. Inclusion criteria were demonstration of characteristic lesions of IPCV on ICG angiography. RESULTS: Diagnosis of IPCV was made in 26 eyes of 14 patients, ten women and four men, all of Afro-Caribbean origin. The mean age was 77.4 years (range 60-92 years). Drusen were present in 13 eyes (50%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in one eye, and branch retinal vein occlusion in one eye. Twelve patients (85.7%) had bilateral involvement. Twelve eyes (46.2%) had visual acuity (VA) (Snellen) worse than 20/200, six eyes (23.1%) had VA between 20/200 and 20/100, and eight eyes (30.8%) had VA better than 20/100. On ICG angiography, lesions were predominantly located in the peripapillary area but also in the midperiphery, the macular and interpapillomacular areas, and the far periphery. CONCLUSION: Peripheral locations of IPCV and associations with drusen or AMD are not rare. The prognosis of the disease is poor in its natural course. Its etiology is unknown but genetic factors are probably involved. It is the main differential diagnosis for exudative AMD in black patients.
Assuntos
Doenças da Coroide/diagnóstico por imagem , Corioide/irrigação sanguínea , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças da Coroide/complicações , Doenças da Coroide/etnologia , Doenças da Coroide/patologia , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Progressão da Doença , Etnicidade , Feminino , Fluoresceína , Angiofluoresceinografia , Humanos , Verde de Indocianina , Degeneração Macular/complicações , Degeneração Macular/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Martinica/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Drusas Retinianas/complicações , Drusas Retinianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/complicações , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
We report four cases referred to the Ophthalmologic Department of the University Hospital Center of Fort de France for the therapeutic management of a conjunctival malignant tumor. All cases reported involved conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma. All tumors were unilateral, one was localized, another was recurrent, one occurred in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and the last one was seen at the late stage of massive locoregional invasion. Three patients had surgery completed by corneolimbic cryotherapy. The last case was exentered. All of them consulted regularly. These four cases were collected over 5 years in approximately 15,000 patients examined per year in the University Hospital Center of Fort de France. Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma is rare, even in Martinique, a tropical area. Careful attention to risk factors such as the sun exposure is recommended, as is the histologic diagnosis with any conjunctival tumour, since it changes quickly. The treatment must be adapted to the extension of the disease and to the patient's general health. The high rate of recurrence requires long-term follow-up in corneal and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias da Túnica Conjuntiva/terapia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Neoplasias da Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Several US and Jamaican studies have shown that glaucoma is more severe in black populations than in Caucasian populations, which would lead to the assumption that the people of Martinique have a high glaucoma risk. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in workers of Fort de France University Hospital with the occupational medicine unit. Intraocular pressure was measured with a pulse air tonometer (Topcon CT 60) and visual field abnormalities were detected with automated perimetry using Humphrey frequency doubling technology (FDT). Patients with known glaucoma or with intraocular pressure over 21 mmHg and/or a visual field abnormality were referred to ophthalmology examination to diagnose ocular hypertension, open-angle glaucoma or normal-pressure glaucoma. RESULTS: The occupational medicine unit examined 813 workers. The sex ratio was 0.36, mean age was 45.35+/-8.4 years (22-64 years), and mean ocular pressure was 12.1+/-2.62 mmHg (6-28 mmHg). Roughly 20% of workers had a family history of glaucoma. We found 22 patients with glaucoma (2.7%) (CI95: 1.6%-4%): 12 patients had open-angle glaucoma (1.5%) and 10 patients were diagnosed with normal-pressure glaucoma (1.3%). Glaucoma prevalence increased with age, reaching 8% in patients over 55 years of age. Of patients with normal-pressure glaucoma, 42.9% had a family history of glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm previous data from the literature that found higher glaucoma prevalence in black people and in particular in the mixed-race population of Martinique. In addition to this ethnic feature, the insularity of Martinique could support glaucoma expression. Easy and fast to use, FDT associated with the pulse air tonometer provides early detection of glaucoma.
Assuntos
Glaucoma/epidemiologia , Adulto , Glaucoma/diagnóstico , Humanos , Martinica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Because of the gravity of diabetic retinopathy in Martinique, a cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and September 1996 to estimate the prevalence of this complication on this island. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical data, obtained by examining and questioning 771 diabetic patients (recruited among the usual practice of the ophthalmologists), were analyzed using Epi-Info. RESULTS: Some form of diabetic retinopathy was present in 42%. of the patients and 8.3% presented proliferative retinopathy. A total of 78% of the patients presented a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, essentially women. Medical supervision of the diabetes and its ophthalmologic complications proved to be insufficient. Principal risk factors found for the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy were a long duration of diabetes, insulin-dependent type diabetes among women and the whole population, age among men, mode of treatment (insulin), and hypertension. DISCUSSION: These results are higher than those usually reported in France. This can be explained by diet and racial factors: the population is mainly of African and Indian descent. Risk factors are the same as those already described in earlier studies. To improve these prevalences, strategies should include classic methods risk factors correction, patients education, increasing coordination between the different medical specialists), but should also take into account the particularities of this Caribbean population such as racial, economic, historical, and sociocultural factors.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Atenção à Saúde , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Retinopatia Diabética/classificação , Retinopatia Diabética/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Martinica/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: We report the results of a three-years prospective study focusing on ocular alkali burns conducted in the University hospital of Fort de France (French West Indies). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case record survey included all alkali burns evaluated by ophthalmologists in the emergency unit of the Fort de France hospital. All recruited patients were either called to identify the alkali (pH determined with a Prolab pH-meter) or underwent an anterior chamber puncture showing evidence of an aqueous humor pH above 8. The recorded data were: age, gender, cause of burn, in case of aggression the relation between the victim and the aggressor, initial clinical findings, Ropper Hall classification. The therapeutic protocol was initiated according to this classification. The course of the ocular burn was noted. Economical and medicolegal consequences were assessed from duration of off work time and from information provided by the public prosecutor respectively. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients who had 39 burned eyes were included. Most ocular burns (18) were caused by aggressions with Alcali (ammonia, pH = 12.8). Most victims were men accused of adultery. In the West Indies, Alcali is thought to have power to drive away evil spirits. Most victims were young men (mean age 42 years). Eight court suits have been filed and in 5 cases the judge dismissed the charge. In 13 eyes, the delay to the first ocular wash was 30 minutes and resulted in serious ocular burn (Ropper Hall class 3 or 4). After application of the therapeutic protocol, 6 of these eyes recovered in an average 55 days; 3 required limbal autograft, 2 were successful. Three of these severe burns were complicated by spontaneous perforation (1 eye), atrophy (1 eye), and leucoma (1 eye). One patient was lost to follow-up. All minor ocular burns (Ropper Hall class 1 and 2) healed within an average 12 days (range 3-38 days). CONCLUSION: Particular circumstances of ocular alkali burns in Martinique (French West Indies) have been indentified in this study which established the seriousness of these burns and their social and sometimes legal consequences. The importance of prevention is emphasized. It would seem that minor ocular alkali burns do not require a treatment duration longer than 15 days. Finally, the clinical data reported in this study show that a delay of several minutes is required for the development of severe ocular alkali burns.
Assuntos
Queimaduras Químicas/diagnóstico , Queimaduras Oculares/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Álcalis , Queimaduras Químicas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Queimaduras Oculares/diagnóstico , Queimaduras Oculares/terapia , Feminino , Primeiros Socorros , Humanos , Masculino , Martinica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: We conducted a retrospective study in 20 cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) referred to the ophthalmology out-patients department at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Fort de France. The objectives were to characterize symptomatology, severity, disease course and to discuss treatment. METHODS: We performed a complete ophthalmological and neurological examination, calculated the body mass index (BMI) and evaluated visual field. Each patient underwent a CT scan with injection and a lumbar punction with measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure. We also specified the treatment chosen and its duration, and the number of recurrences. RESULTS: This study included 20 cases, 19 women and 1 man, with a mean follow-up of 28.6 months. The average BMI was of 32.2 kg/m2. Fifteen patients out of 20 were obese (75%), all of them women, so 79% of the women were obese. Sixteen patients had headache (80%), 15 a loss of visual acuity (75%) and 5 transient visual loss (25%). For all the clinical examination showed bilateral papilloedema. Visual field disturbances were observed in 11 patients (73.3%). Papilloedema disappeared after medical treatment of a mean 2.4 months duration for each access. In 9 cases of 18 (50%) recurrences were observed after gradual treatment with-drawal. CONCLUSION: The long-term treatment, the side effects, the possible severity of the ocular disease, the difficulties of dietary restriction and the high rate of recurrence, would, for us, indicate a need to reconsider surgical treatment. We propose to perform lumboperitoneal shunt or optic nerve sheath decompression if medical treatment fails at the first onset of IIH or in case of severe visual loss, pregnancy or recurrence.
Assuntos
Pseudotumor Cerebral/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Adulto , Descompressão Cirúrgica , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/etiologia , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/cirurgia , Papiledema/diagnóstico , Papiledema/etiologia , Papiledema/cirurgia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Gravidez , Pseudotumor Cerebral/cirurgia , Recidiva , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Transtornos da Visão/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study is to enter on an inventory and to appreciate the severity of the ocular burn caused by the latex of manchineel tree and to propose a therapeutic attitude. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We report on the results of a prospective study included 11 patients examined in the Department of Ophthalmology (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort-de-France) between November 1992 and November 1993. All of them presented with ocular burn due to a contact with the latex of the manchineel tree. RESULTS: The study included 11 patients, 8 adults and 3 children, the mean age was 22.9 years (range 4-40). All of them had hyperhemia and conjunctival erosions of various intensity. Ten patients had corneal lesions: superficial punctate keratitis in 5 cases and corneal ulcers in 5 cases. Three cases of corneal ulcerations were associated with an inflammatory reaction of the anterior segment. Both eyes were affected in 4 cases (37%), and only the right one in the other cases (63%). Seven patients had cutaneous lesions (63%), of whom 4 periocular burns of superficial second degree. Full recovery was obtained within 15 days for all the patients. CONCLUSION: Ocular lavage is the first treatment, as for all chemical burns. Local antibiotherapy is used systematically to prevent superinfection. With a proper treatment, a complete recovery with no sequelae is obtained.