RESUMO
BACKGROUND: QEEG allows a more objective evaluation of cerebral electrical activity as well as the production of topographical maps for easier comprehension. Here we have developed qEEG norms for the first year of life using methods previously published for other age ranges, including for example, regression for Gausssianity before Z transformation. These norms constitute a non-invasive and low cost tool for the functional evaluation of the infant's brain. RESULTS: Developmental equations were obtained from 101 healthy infants recording at spontaneous quiet sleep stage II. Polynomial regression equations, with age as independent variable, were calculated for full Broad Band Spectral Parameters (BBSP) using the Least Squares technique. Interpolated maps of the BBSP values or their Z transformation were constructed for linked-ear reference, average reference and Laplacian montages. All montages produced similar tendency curves and Z maps of absolute and relative power, and mean frequency at all frequency bands. The norms obtained were validated against an independent group of 50 healthy infants and some pathological cases. 91-98% of cases were well classified as normal across all measures and montages. To exemplify, two pathological cases are presented of which their qEEG maps show resemblance to CT and MRI. CONCLUSIONS: These qEEG norms are highly useful as an aid to visual interpretation and for the study of pathology further evolution as well as for assessment of infants showing brain risk factors. To our knowledge this is the first normative qEEG study for the initial year of life with such large sample and validation-group.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Valores de Referência , SonoRESUMO
In a study of 160 infants with prenatal and/or perinatal risk factors for brain damage, we observed three cases of schizencephaly. All cases were unilateral, and the clefts had open lips. In two cases, magnetic resonance angiography showed occlusion or absence of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) on the affected side. Two of the patients, including one with absent flow in the MCA of the affected side, had ipsilateral cerebellar atrophy.
Assuntos
Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Córtex Cerebral/anormalidades , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/complicações , Artéria Cerebral Média/anormalidades , Ventrículos Cerebrais/anormalidades , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/embriologia , Masculino , Espaço Subaracnóideo/anormalidadesRESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects different systems and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that about 40 percent of the cases of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) develop before SLE is diagnosed or at the same time it is being carried out, and 63 percent appear during the first year following diagnosis. AIMS: The aim of this study was to check the hypothesis that the electroencephalogram (EEG) may be sensitive to the damage to the CNS in children with SLE in whom there is still no clinical evidence of NPSLE...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Encefalopatias/etiologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects different systems and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that about 40% of the cases of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) develop before SLE is diagnosed or at the same time it is being carried out, and 63% appear during the first year following diagnosis. AIMS: The aim of this study was to check the hypothesis that the electroencephalogram (EEG) may be sensitive to the damage to the CNS in children with SLE in whom there is still no clinical evidence of NPSLE. PATIENTS AND METHODS: EEG recordings were performed in 30 children with a diagnosis of SLE with or without signs of a neuropsychiatric syndrome. The results of the EEG were evaluated visually and analysed quantitatively. RESULTS: The visual inspection of the EEG showed the presence of alterations in 44.5% of the children with SLE and in 76.9% of those with NPSLE. There were significant differences in Student's t test (p = 0.0055) between the two groups for the analysis of the broadband spectral measurements. The narrow band analysis revealed a significant increase in the theta and delta frequencies in children with SLE as compared to standard values, whereas in children with NPSLE significant differences were found in the fast bands in frontal regions. CONCLUSIONS: Spectral analysis of the narrow band could help to confirm diagnoses of NPSLE, while anomalies in the slow bands could be an early marker of damage to the CNS although there are still no symptoms of the disease.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/etiologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare two different functional procedures in the assessment of brain ischemia in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC): (1) electroencephalography (EEG) evaluated by brain maps and EEG current sources in the frequency domain using variable resolution electromagnetic tomography and (2) blood flow analyzed by computerized tomography assessed with stable Xe (Xe-CT). METHODS: Eleven patients with NCC at different evolution stages were studied. CT and Xe-CT scans, as well as quantitative electroencephalography with source calculation in the frequency domain, were obtained. All patients showed cysts and in 6 of them there were also vascular complications: two of them presented calcifications of the middle cerebral artery, two other subjects showed calcifications of the vessels in the circle of Willis and the remaining two had brain infarctions. RESULTS: In the cyst areas important hypoperfused zones were observed, as intense as those observed in infarcted areas. Damage to the blood-brain barrier was originated by parasites in colloidal phase (final cysticerci stage) producing large areas of edema and hypoperfusion. Abnormal delta EEG activity was observed in very large lesions, probably generated by partial cortical deafferentation; and abnormal theta activity was mainly related to the presence of edema. CONCLUSIONS: Sources of abnormal EEG activity were very similar in topography to the hypoperfused areas.
Assuntos
Circulação Cerebrovascular , Eletroencefalografia , Neurocisticercose/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Vias Aferentes/fisiopatologia , Barreira Hematoencefálica , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Edema Encefálico/etiologia , Edema Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Infarto Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Magnetoencefalografia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurocisticercose/complicações , Neurocisticercose/diagnóstico por imagem , Ritmo Teta , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , XenônioRESUMO
Se realizó el diagnóstico clínico y computacional de 64 pacientes psiquiátricos, con intención de comprobar la aplicabilidad de un sistema semiautomatizado. El algoritmo fue desarrollado sobre la base del sistema Diax y programado en lenguaje focal. El cuestionario se aplicó en las condiciones clínicas habituales. El acuerdo entre el diagnóstico clínico y Diax, en 13 categorías diagnósticas, fue ligeramente inferior a la concordancia interpsiquiatras. El algoritmo discriminó en el 100 por ciento los casos de "esquizofrenia" de los "desórdenes afectivos". La discriminación de cuatro dígitos intragrupos fue del 75 por ciento. Los resultados obtenidos son estimulantes para realizar nuevas investigaciones en este campo(AU)